Aim To investigate the effects of 2-dode-cyl-6-methoxycyclohexa-2 , 5-diene-l, 4-dione ( DM-DD) on resisting hepatic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride ( CC14 ) in rats and the underlying mechanisms , with a specific focus on the TGF-pi/Smads signaling pathway. Methods The hepatic fibrosis model was replicated using 50% CC14. Various parameters, including levels of aspartate transferase ( AST) , ala-nine transferase ( ALT ) , albumin/globulin ( A/G ) , total protein (TP) , total bilirubin (T-BIL) , hyaluron-ic acid ( HA ) , laminin ( LN ) , collagen type Ж ( Col Ж) , and collagen type IV(ColIV) in the blood, were measured. Liver tissue lesions and fiber formation were observed using HE and Masson staining. The expression levels of a smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) , collagen type I ( Col I ) , transformed growth factor (TGF-pi), Smad2, and Smad7 proteins were assessed using immunohistochemistry. a-SMA, Coll, TGF-pi, and Smad7 mRNA levels in liver tissue were measured by RT-PCR. Additionally, the expression levels of TGF-pi, Smad4, and Smad7 proteins in liver tissue were determined by Western blot. Results In comparison to the normal control group, the model group exhibited significantly elevated levels of AST, ALT, TP, T-BIL, HA, LN, Col Ш and Col IV in serum. But A/G level notably decreased. Successful modeling was confirmed by the presence of extensive fiber formations observed through HE and Massonstaining in liver tissue. The DMDD administration group demonstrated a notable decrease levels of AST, ALT, TP, T-BIL, HA, LN, Col III, and CollV, but A/G was significantly elevated when compared to the model group. Furthermore, a-SMA, Coll, TGF-f31, Smad2 and Smad4 mRNA and protein levels in the DMDD administration group were significantly reduced, while Smad7 significantly declined. HE and Masson staining results reflected a marked reduction in fibrous hyper-plasia. Conclusion DMDD exhibits a protective effect against CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis, and its mechanism appears to be associated with the TGF-fJl/ Smads signaling pathway.

Objective To observe the incidence of pericardial tamponade(PT)after left atrial appendage closure(LAAC)in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation(NVAF),and to explore its related factors and outcomes.Methods NVAF patients who were hospitalized and treated with LAAC in Department of Cardiology of our hospital from August 2014 to March 2023 were selected for the study.The general clinical data,preoperative transthoracic echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography data,results of routine preoperative laboratory tests,intraoperative data and follow-up data of the patients were collected through the hospital medical record management system.The enrolled patients were classified into the non-PT group(n=8)and the PT group(n =1184)according to whether PT occurred after LAAC or not.The incidence of PT,related risk factors and outcomes were statistically analyzed.Results This study included 639 males(53.6%)and 553 females(46.4%),with an average age of 68.1±9.65 years.The CHA2 DS2-VASc score was 4.51±1.72,and the HAS-BLED score was 3.36±1.09.PT occurred in 8 cases(0.67%),among them,6 cases occurred 1 to 33 h after LAAC,and 2 cases occurred on day 19 and day 27 after LAAC.As for the results of transesophageal echocardiography(TEE)and LAA angiography,compared with the non-PT group,the PT group had the significantly larger maximum caliber of the LAA(P=0.025,P=0.015),smaller maximum depth of the LAA(P=0.028,P=0.031),and lower success rate of one-time placement of the occluder(P=0.031);The occluder compression rate of the PT group was significantly greater than that of the non-PT group(P=0.046).Multivariate analysis showed that larger maximum diameter of LAA,smaller average effective depth of LAA and larger compression rate of occluder were the main risk factors for PT.All the 8 PT patients were cured by stopping antithrombotic drugs,pericardiocentesis or surgical drainage.During a mean follow-up of 39±27 months,there were no device-related thrombosis(DRT),ischemic stroke,systemic embolism and other complications in the PT group.Conclusion The incidence of PT after LAAC is low,which is related to the large diameter of LAA,the relatively insufficient depth of the LAA and the large compression rate of the occlude.PT can be cured by stopping antithrombotic drugs and pericardiocentesis/surgical drainage.

Objective:To investigate the current status of endoscopic treatment for gastroesophageal varices in portal hypertension in China, and to provide supporting data and reference for the development of endoscopic treatment.Methods:In this study, initiated by the Liver Health Consortium in China (CHESS), a questionnaire was designed and distributed online to investigate the basic condition of endoscopic treatment for gastroesophageal varices in portal hypertension in 2022 in China. Questions included annual number and indication of endoscopic procedures, adherence to guideline for preventing esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EGVB), management and timing of emergent EGVB, management of gastric and isolated varices, and improvement of endoscopic treatment. Proportions of hospitals concerning therapeutic choices to all participant hospitals were calculated. Guideline adherence between secondary and tertiary hospitals were compared by using Chi-square test.Results:A total of 836 hospitals from 31 provinces (anotomous regions and municipalities) participated in the survey. According to the survey, the control of acute EGVB (49.3%, 412/836) and the prevention of recurrent bleeding (38.3%, 320/836) were major indications of endoscopic treatment. For primary [non-selective β-blocker (NSBB) or endoscopic therapies] and secondary prophylaxis (NSBB and endoscopic therapies) of EGVB, adherence to domestic guideline was 72.5% (606/836) and 39.2% (328/836), respectively. There were significant differences in the adherence between secondary and tertiary hospitals in primary prophylaxis of EGVB [71.0% (495/697) VS 79.9% (111/139), χ2=4.11, P=0.033] and secondary prophylaxis of EGVB [41.6% (290/697) VS 27.3% (38/139), χ2=9.31, P=0.002]. A total of 78.2% (654/836) hospitals preferred endoscopic therapies treating acute EGVB, and endoscopic therapy was more likely to be the first choice for treating acute EGVB in tertiary hospitals (82.6%, 576/697) than secondary hospitals [56.1% (78/139), χ2=46.33, P<0.001]. The optimal timing was usually within 12 hours (48.5%, 317/654) and 12-24 hours (36.9%, 241/654) after the bleeding. Regarding the management of gastroesophageal varices type 2 and isolated gastric varices type 1, most hospitals used cyanoacrylate injection in combination with sclerotherapy [48.2% (403/836) and 29.9% (250/836), respectively], but substantial proportions of hospitals preferred clip-assisted therapies [12.4% (104/836) and 26.4% (221/836), respectively]. Improving the skills of endoscopic doctors (84.2%, 704/836), and enhancing the precision of pre-procedure evaluation and quality of multidisciplinary team (78.9%, 660/836) were considered urgent needs in the development of endoscopic treatment. Conclusion:A variety of endoscopic treatments for gastroesophageal varices in portal hypertension are implemented nationwide. Participant hospitals are active to perform emergent endoscopy for acute EGVB, but are inadequate in following recommendations regarding primary and secondary prophylaxis of EGVB. Moreover, the selection of endoscopic procedures for gastric varices differs greatly among hospitals.

Objective:This study aims to evaluate the quality and explore the preliminary clinical applications of a domestically developed hepatitis D virus nucleic acid quantification reagent (abbreviated as"domestic HDV RNA reagent").Methods:The sensitivity and accuracy of the reagent were evaluated in accordance with the WHO HDV RNA international standard, employing the Bio-Rad CFX Opus 96 real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis system. Serial dilutions of pseudo-viruses or cell culture-derived virus were used to determine the linear range of the domestic HDV RNA reagent. Specificity was assessed using positive samples of HAV, HBV, HCV infection, and HEV national reference materials. Precision was evaluated with samples at both high and low concentrations. In a comparative analysis, 30 HDV IgG positive samples were tested using both the domestic HDV RNA reagent and the RoboGene HDV RNA kit based on the ABI 7500 FAST DX system. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to examine the correlation between the two reagents.Results:The domestic HDV RNA reagent demonstrated a high sensitivity of up to 6 IU/ml, consistent with that of the comparator reagent. The calibration curve for WHO HDV RNA standards had a slope of -3.286, with an amplification efficiency of 101.6%. The linear detection range spanned from 10 to 10 8 IU/ml for eight HDV genotypes. The domestic HDV RNA reagent exhibited exceptional specificity, without cross-reactivity observed with HAV, HBV, HCV, or HEV. Accuracy assessments at five concentration levels met the required standards, with intra-assay precision coefficient of variation ( CV) ranging from 1.20% to 4.20%, and inter-assay precision CV from 1.20% to 7.90%. The detection results for HDV IgG positive samples were highly correlated with the comparator reagent ( r=0.984, P<0.001), achieving a diagnostic accuracy of 100% compared to sequencing results. Conclusion:In this study, the domestic HDV RNA reagent possesses excellent specificity, accuracy, precision, and a broad linear range, attaining a sensitivity level on par with international reagents of the same type.

Objective To investigate the effects of Tuina targeting different body parts on the behaviors and gut microflora of rat models with valproic acid(VPA)-induced autistic spectrum disorder(ASD). Methods Twenty female Sprague Dawley(SD)rats with 12.5 d of pregnancy were randomly divided into VPA model group[intraperitoneal injection of VPA(600 mg/kg),n=15]and saline group(intraperitoneal injection of equal amount of normal saline,n=5).The offspring male rats injected with saline were secleted as control group.The offspring male rats injected with VPA were randomly divided into VPA,dorsal,and abdominal groups(n=7 in each group).On the 21st day after birth,three-chamber social test,open field test,and marble-burying test were carried out to observe the social abilities,anxiety behaviors,and stereotypi-cal behaviors of rats in the four groups.Rats in dorsal and abdominal groups underwent Tuina for 14 d,twice a day.On the 35th day,behavioral tests were conducted again,and in-testinal contents were taken for species composition and structural analysis,as well as mark-er and differential species analysis. Results(i)According to behavioral observations,compared with VPA group,the social and movement time in the central open field of rats in dorsal group increased significantly(P<0.05),and the number of buried marbles decreased markedly(P<0.01),indicating improve-ment on their social abilities,anxiety behaviors,and stereotypical behaviors as consequences of dorsal Tuina;and the number of buried marbles was reduced as well in abdominal group when compared with VPA group(P<0.05),suggesting the improvement on their stereotypi-cal behaviors following abdominal Tuina.In the marble-burying test,the number of marbles buried in dorsal group was less than in abdominal group,and the stereotypical behaviors were improved more significantly(P<0.05),and there were no significant differences in the three-chamber social and open field tests between the two groups(P>0.05).(ii)In accor-dance with intestinal microflora detection results,compared with VPA group,both dorsal and abdominal groups showed increased richness(P<0.05)and elevated diversity(P<0.05 in dorsal group and P<0.01 in abdominal group)in intestinal microflora.The results of differen-tial analysis indicated that at the phylum level,compared with VPA group,the relative abun-dance of Firmicutes in rats in abdominal group showed a significant reduction trend(P<0.05);at the genus level,compared with VPA group,the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in rats in dorsal and abdominal groups decreased significantly(P<0.05).Dorsal group also showed significant increase in the genus Blautia in the analysis of marker species compared with VPA group(P<0.05). Conclusion Tuina impacted the behavior and gut microflora structure of ASD model rats.Dorsal intervention had a significant effect on social abilities,anxiety behaviors,and stereo-typical behaviors of ASD model rats,while abdominal intervention only had an obvious effect on stereotypical behaviors.Both dorsal and abdominal interventions increased the richness and diversity of gut microflora of ASD model rats,with abdominal intervention improving the intestinal microbial diversity more significantly and resulting in a more uniform species dis-tribution.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of recombinant human anti-severe acute respiratory syn-drome coronavirus 2(anti-SARS-CoV-2)monoclonal antibody injection(F61 injection)in the treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)combined with renal damage.Methods Patients with COVID-19 and renal damage who visited the PLA General Hospital from January to February 2023 were selected.Subjects were randomly divided into two groups.Control group was treated with conventional anti-COVID-19 therapy,while trial group was treated with conventional anti-COVID-19 therapy combined with F61 injection.A 15-day follow-up was conducted after drug administration.Clinical symptoms,laboratory tests,electrocardiogram,and chest CT of pa-tients were performed to analyze the efficacy and safety of F61 injection.Results Twelve subjects(7 in trial group and 5 in control group)were included in study.Neither group had any clinical progression or death cases.The ave-rage time for negative conversion of nucleic acid of SARS-CoV-2 in control group and trial group were 3.2 days and 1.57 days(P=0.046),respectively.The scores of COVID-19 related target symptom in the trial group on the 3rd and 5th day after medication were both lower than those of the control group(both P＜0.05).According to the clinical staging and World Health Organization 10-point graded disease progression scale,both groups of subjects improved but didn't show statistical differences(P＞0.05).For safety,trial group didn't present any infusion-re-lated adverse event.Subjects in both groups demonstrated varying degrees of elevated blood glucose,elevated urine glucose,elevated urobilinogen,positive urine casts,and cardiac arrhythmia,but the differences were not statistica-lly significant(all P＞0.05).Conclusion F61 injection has initially demonstrated safety and clinical benefit in trea-ting patients with COVID-19 combined with renal damage.As the domestically produced drug,it has good clinical accessibility and may provide more options for clinical practice.

Objective To explore the curative effect of hydrocortisone ascorbic acid,vitamin C and vitamin B1(HAT)therapy on septic shock and its influence on the time of vasoactive drug application,hemodynamic parameters and short-term prognosis.Methods According to different treatment plans,92 patients with septic shock were divided into the HAT group and the routine treatment group,46 cases in each group.The routine treatment group was given routine treatments[anti-infection,fluid replacement,stabling blood pressure and continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT)],while the HAT group was additionally given HAT therapy.All patients were treated continuously for 3 d.The indexes related the curative effect,scores of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)and sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA),levels of mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),central arterial pressure(CAP),D-lactic acid(D-Lac),creatinine(Cr),hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)and procalcitonin(PCT)before and after treatment,incidence of adverse reactions and 28 d survival rate by follow-up were compared between the two groups.Results The circulation stabilization time,use time of vasoactive drugs and hormones,mechanical ventilation time,CRRT time,treatment time in ICU and total hospitalization time were shorter in the HAT group than those in the routine treatment group(P<0.05).After 7 d of treatment,scores of APACHE Ⅱ and SOFA,levels of HR,D-Lac,Cr,hs-CRP and PCT were lower in the HAT group than those in the routine treatment group,while MAP and CAP were higher than those in the routine treatment group(P<0.05).The 28-day survival rate was 65.22％in the HAT group,which was higher than that in the routine treatment group(45.65％,P<0.05).Conclusion HAT therapy can improve clinical curative effect in patients with septic shock,shorten use time of vasoactive drugs,improve hemodynamic parameters and short-term prognosis.

Objective To explore the current status of H.pylori infection in the natural population of Sanya City,analyze its influencing factors,and provide a reference basis for the prevention and control of H.pylori infection.Methods A total of 677 residents from four districts of Sanya City were selected by overall stratified random sampling method,and were subjected to urea 14C breath test and questionnaire survey to calculate the positive rate of H.pylori in the natural population and analyze the influencing factors of H.pylori infection.Results A total of 606 residents were included,and the number of H.pylori positive detections was 261,with a positive detection rate of 38.5％.Among them,different ethnicity,marital status,smoking,eating vegetables and fruits,and literacy level were associated with H.pylori infection(P＜0.05);gender,age,BMI,alcohol consumption,drinking water source,betel quid chewing,and the number of cohabitants were not significantly associated with H.pylori infection(P＞0.05).Family infection was an independent risk factor for H.pylori infection in the natural population of Sanya City,and Li ethnicity,frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables,and college and higher education level were independent protective factors for H.pylori infection in the natural population of Sanya City.Conclusion The rate of H.pylori infection in the natural population of Sanya City is lower than the national average.Consuming more fruits and vegetables and improving the awareness of hygiene protection are conducive to the prevention of H.pylori infection;and the promotion of the family and related members with the same examination and treatment is important to avoid aggregation of infection within the family.

A new multifunctional fluorescent"turn-on"biosensor was constructed based on a guanine-rich hairpin probe and G-quadruplex/hemin DNAzyme.The probe was labeled with quencher and fluorescein at 5′and 3′terminus,respectively.In the absence of the target,the probe form hairpin structure and the fluorescence of the fluorescein was quenched by the quencher.However,in the presence of the target,the hairpin structure transformed to G-quadruplex and the fluorescence was recovered.By monitoring the fluorescence of the probe before and after combining with the target,both hemin and hemoglobin were detected rapidly and conveniently with high sensitivity.The limit of detection for hemin and hemoglobin were estimated to be 283 pmol/L and 109 pmol/L,respectively.The specific interaction between the DNA probe and hemin were investigated via absorption and fluorescence spectra.Furthermore,L-cysteine was detected with naked eyes based on the peroxidase-like activity of the new G-quadruplex/hemin DNAzyme.The limit of detection for L-cysteine was estimated to be 3.6 μmol/L,which was lower than the normal level of intracellular L-cysteine(30-200 μmol/L).The method developed here was rapid,simple and sensitive for detection of hemin,hemoglobin and L-cysteine,demonstrating great potential in bioanalysis,drug screening,and disease diagnosis.

Baihe Dihuang Decoction is a classic formula recorded in Jin Gui Yao Lve(Synopsis of the Golden Chamber),which has the actions of nourishing yin and clearing heat,tonifying heart and lung.Baihe Dihuang Decoction and its associated formulas are widely used for the treatment of depression,insomnia,women's menopausal syndrome and other psychiatric disorders.This article retrieved the relevant literature about Baihe Dihuang Decoction and its associated formulas such as Baihe Zhimu Decoction and Baihe Jizi Decoction for the treatment of depression in recent years,and analyzed the clinical application and the possible pharmacological mechanisms of Baihe Dihuang Decoction and its associated formulas for the treatment of depression.The analysis showed that Baihe Dihuang Decoction and its associated formulas were indicated for the patients with internal heat due to yin deficiency syndrome,and their antidepressive mechanism is related to up-regulating the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factors,inhibiting inflammatory responses,protecting neurons and regulating energy metabolism.The analysis results for the clinical application and possible therapeutic mechanism of Baihe Dihuang Decoction and its associated formulas in counteracting depression will provide reference for the clinical treatment and basic research of depression.