Objective To analyze the correlation between the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and fall incidence among the elderly in urban and rural areas in Chongqing, and to provide evidence for targeted intervention. Methods In 2019, a questionnaire survey was conducted among the elderly aged 65 and over in four districts and counties using multistage stratified cluster random sampling. The difference of NCDs prevalence and fall incidence was compared by Chi-square test. The correlation between NCDs and fall incidence was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Results A total of 806 and 801 elderly people aged 65 and above in urban and rural areas，respectively, were investigated The fall incidence among the elderly in rural areas (12.98%) was higher than that in urban areas (7.94%) (χ2=10.916, P=0.001). The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the prevalence of heart disease (OR=2.988, 95%CI:1.544-5.785), osteoporosis (OR=2.696, 95%CI:1.527-4.760) and vestibular dysfunction or deafness (OR=3.180, 95%CI:1.142-8.861) was associated with fall incidence among urban elderly people. Factors including need for care (OR=2.315，95%CI：1.130-4.744), diabetes (OR=3.067，95%CI:1.634-5.756), osteoporosis (OR=1.972, 95%CI:1.210-3.214), and arthritis (OR=2.975, 95%CI:1.901-4.657) were associated with fall incidence among rural elderly people. Conclusion The fall incidence among the elderly in rural areas is higher than that in urban areas in Chongqing. The prevalence of NCD is high among the elderly. Timely treatment of NCDs should be provided to reduce fall incidence among the elderly.

Objective: To analyze the trend change of the drowning mortality among children and adolescents in Chongqing, 2012-2021, and to provide suggestion for drowning prevention and control. Methods: Drowning death cases (ICD-10:W65.0-W74.9) among children and adolescents in Chongqing from 2012 to 2021 were derived from Chongqing death registration system. The difference of the drowning mortality between male and female, urban and rural area were compared by Chi square test. The trend change of the drowning mortality between 2012 and 2021 was analyzed by annual percent change( APC ). Results: The mortality and ASMR of drowning among children and adolescents decreased from 9.57/10 5, 9.42/10 5 in 2012 to 2.80/10 5, 2.83/10 5 in 2021 significantly( t=10.93, 10.52, P <0.01). And its APC were -13.15% and 13.06% respectively. The drowning mortality in male was higher than that in female( P <0.05). The drowning mortality in rural area was higher than that in urban area( P <0.05). The mortality of drowning among children aged between 0 and 4 years old, 5 and 9 years old, 10 and 14 years old decreased by 15.30 %,17.80% and 11.40%( APC =-15.30%, -17.80%, -11.40%, t=11.11, 9.22, 5.62, P <0.05). The proportion of drowning in natural water field among children and adolescents accounted for about 80%. Conclusion The mortality of drowning among children and adolescents in Chongqing decreases rapidly. Vulnerable population of drowning includes boys, rural children and adolescents, and children age of 0-14 years old. Comprehensive prevention for drowning should be carried out continuously.

Objective To investigate the current situation of animal injury among children in Chongqing, and to provide a scientific basis for relevant departments to formulate and implement strategies and measures to prevent and control animal injury to children. Methods According to the method of multi-stage stratified cluster sampling, 14,056 children in grades 4-12 in four districts of Chongqing were selected as the investigation subjects, and the occurrence of animal injuries in the past 6 months was investigated. Results The incidence of animal injury among school children in Chongqing was 0.35% and the incidence of person-time was 0.36%. The incidence rate in males (0.48%) was higher than that in females (0.31%). The incidence rate in urban children (0.43%) was higher than that in rural children (0.30%). The incidence of animal injury was the lowest in nuclear families (0.25%), and the highest in single-parent families (0.82%). There were statistically significant differences in the incidence of animal injuries in children among different fathers' occupational types, family types and parents' parenting styles (P<0.05).  The main place of child animal injury was home (57.14%). Recreational activities were the main cause of animal injury (51.02%). The main injuries were lower limbs (42.86%), upper limbs (24.49%) and head (10.20%). Conclusion The prevention and control of children's animal injury in Chongqing should focus on boys and families. It is suggested to take targeted and comprehensive interventions to prevent animal injuries in children.

Objective To understand the prevalence of osteoporosis and its influence factors in residents of Chongqing, and to provide the reference for osteoporosis prevention and treatment. Methods The data were from ^“An epidemiological survey of osteoporosis in Chongqing in 2018^”, and the multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 1885 subjects (≥20 years old) from 32 villages/neighborhood committee in 4 areas (countries) of Chongqing. The investigation was performed by questionnaire (sociodemographic factors, lifestyle factors, history of orthopedics) and the bone mineral density was measured by QDR 4 500A dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The chi-square test and multi factor multi-variant logistic regression analysis were utilized to analyze the data, the used software was SPSS 25.0. Results The morbidities of osteoporosis and osteopenia in residents (>20 years old) of Chongqing in China were 12.99% and 48.70%, respectively. The osteoporosis morbidity (19.08%) in females was significantly higher than that (4.42%) in males, and increased with age. The multi-variant logistic regression indicated that women (OR=6.10, 95% CI:4.08-9.14), the past medical history of fracture (OR=1.79, 95%CI:1.18-2.73) and age (OR=16.80, 95% CI:9.19-30.77) were risk factors for osteoporosis; milk intake (OR=0.65, 95%CI:0.47-0.89), overweight (OR=0.51, 95%CI:0.36-0.93)and obesity (OR=0.30, 95%CI:0.19-0.47), as compared with ≤primary school group, junior high school group (OR=0.57, 95%CI:0.39-0.82);≥high school group (0.40, 95%CI:0.26-0.61) were considered to be protective factors for osteoporosis. Conclusion The prevalence of osteoporosis among residents with age above 50 years old of Chongqing was very high. Health education and behavior intervention should be focused on the elderly or female residents to promote the formulation of healthy lifestyle.

Objective To analyze the awareness rate and treatment and control rate of hypertension as well as the related influencing factors among residents aged 35-75 years in Chongqing, and to provide a reference for comprehensive prevention and control of hypertension. Methods Residents between the ages of 35 and 75 years old were recruited from 8 sites of China Patient-centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events in Chongqing. All participants were interviewed with structured questionnaires, and physical examination, glucose test and lipid test were performed. The data were analyzed by SPSS 25.0. The differences in the rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension of different populations were compared by chi-square test. The related factors influencing the rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were identified by step backward bivariate multivariate logistic regression model. Results A total of 101 036 cases were recruited into this study. The prevalence rates of dyslipidemia, hypertension and diabetes were 31.48%, 40.80% and 17.16%, respectively. The age standardized prevalence rates of dyslipidemia, hypertension and diabetes were 30.81%, 33.91% and 14.35%, respectively. The rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were 45.65%, 36.03% and 11.60%, respectively. The result of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that factors including age, household registration, occupation, alcohol use, smoking status, body weight, central obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were related to the awareness rate of hypertension. Factors including age, household registration, race, household income, alcohol use, body weight, central obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were related to the treatment rate of hypertension. Factors including age, household registration, household income, alcohol use, central obesity and diabetes were related to the rate of blood pressure control. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension was high in Chongqing, but the rate of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension was low. It is suggested that comprehensive measures should be implemented to raise the rate of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension for the prevention and control of hypertension.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristic of stroke incidence and mortality in Chongqing, and to provide suggestions for targeted prevention and control of stroke. Methods Data of reported cases of ischemic stroke (I63), hemorrhagic stroke (I61-I62), subarachnoid hemorrhage (I60), and unclassified stroke (I64) in Chongqing in 2018 was collected. SPSS 25.0 was used to calculate the incidence, age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), mortality, age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and proportion of stroke. The incidence and mortality of stroke were compared by Chi-square test between males and females, and between central urban areas and suburban counties. Results In 2018, the incidence and ASIR of stroke were 294.61/105 and 222.43/105 in Chongqing, respectively. The mortality and ASMR of stroke were 116.34/105 and 85.81/105. The incidence, ASIR and proportion of ischemic stroke were 186.63/105, 139.17/105 and 63.35%, respectively. The incidence of ischemic stroke in male was higher than that in female (χ²=18.52, P<0.001). The incidence of ischemic stroke in central urban areas was higher than that in suburban counties (χ²=29.50, P<0.001). The mortality of ischemic stroke in male was higher than that in female (χ²=6.67, P=0.010). The mortality of ischemic stroke in suburban counties was higher than that in central urban areas (χ²=17.55, P<0.001). The incidence, ASIR and proportion of hemorrhagic stroke were 78.15/105, 60.44/105 and 26.53%, respectively. The incidence of hemorrhagic stroke in male was higher than that in female (χ²=27.64, P<0.001). The incidence of hemorrhagic stroke in suburban counties was higher than that in central urban areas (χ²=18.60, P<0.001). The mortality of hemorrhagic stroke was the highest among all subtypes of strokes. The mortality, ASMR and proportion of hemorrhagic stroke was 64.44/105, 48.28/105 and 55.39%, respectively. The mortality of hemorrhage stroke in male was higher than that in female (χ²=23.46, P<0.001). The mortality of hemorrhage stroke in suburban counties was higher than that in central urban areas (χ²= 43.57, P<0.001). Conclusion The incidence and mortality of stroke in Chongqing were lower than the national average levels. The incidence of ischemic stroke was higher than that of hemorrhage stroke. The mortality of hemorrhage stroke was higher than that of ischemic stroke. Men and suburban counties were the focus of stroke prevention and control in Chongqing.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among residents with age between 35 and 75 years old in Chongqing and provide evidence for the prevention and control of hypertension. Methods During 2016-2018, 101036 eligible subjects aged 35-75 years from 8 sites of China Patient-centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events in Chongqing were interviewed and examined. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0. The difference of the prevalence of hypertension of different population were compared chi-square test. Risk factors of hypertension was identified by step backward multivariate Logistic regression model. Results The crude prevalence and age standardization prevalence of hypertension was 40.80% and 33.91% respectively. The results of multivariate logistic regression indicated that the risk factors of hypertension were residence, ethnicity, age, medical insurance ,drinking, present smoking , indoor passive smoking , overweight , obesity , central obesity , diabetes and dyslipidemia ,while the protective factors of hypertension of those were education level and income. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension was high among residents with age between 35 and 75 years old in Chongqing ; Residence, ethnicity, age, medical insurance, education level, income, drinking, present smoking , indoor passive smoking , overweight , obesity , central obesity , diabetes and dyslipidemia are the related factors of hypertension.

BACKGROUND: China has the largest elderly population in the world; little attention has been paid to the mental health of elderly in areas of extreme poverty. This is the first study to investigate the mental health of the rural elderly in poverty state counties in Chongqing and was part of the Chongqing 2018 health literacy promotion project. METHODS: In 2019, a cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the mental health status of the rural elderly in fourteen poverty state counties of Chongqing, in which a total of 1400 elderly aged ≥ 65 years were interviewed, where mental health status was measured by the ten-item Kessler10 (K10) scale. Ordered multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate the influencing factors related to mental health of the elderly in these areas. RESULTS: The average score of K10 in 14 poverty state counties was 17.40 ± 6.31, 47.6% was labeled as good, 30.2% was moderate, 17.0% was poor, and lastly 5.1% was bad, and the mental health status of the elderly in the northeastern wing of Chongqing was better than the one in the southeastern wing of Chongqing. A worse self-rated health was the risk factor for mental health both in the northeastern and southeastern wings of Chongqing (all P < 0.001). Lower education level (OR (95% CI) = 1.45 (1.12-1.87), P = 0.004) was a risk factor in the northeastern wing, whereas older age (OR (95% CI) = 1.33 (1.13-1.56), P = 0.001) was a risk factors in the southeastern wing. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that mental health of the elderly in poverty state counties was poor, especially in the southeastern wing of Chongqing. Particular attention needs to be paid to the males who were less educated, older, and single; female with lower annual per capital income; and especially the elderly with poor self-rated health.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Mental Health ; statistics & numerical data ; Multivariate Analysis ; Rural Population ; statistics & numerical data ; Socioeconomic Factors

Objective To analyze the trend of the mortality and disease burden of drowning in Chongqing and provide suggestions for drowning prevention and control. Methods The information data on drowning deaths in Chongqing (ICD-10 code: W65-W74) from 2012 to 2018 were collected. SPSS 25.0 software was used to calculate and analyze indicators such as mortality, age standardized mortality rate by Chinese population (ASMRC), years of life lost with premature death (YLL_s), years lived with disability (YLD_s), and disability adjusted life years (DALY_s). The differences of drowning mortality between male and female, urban and rural areas were tested by Chi-square test. The trend of drowning mortality and disease burden was calculated as annual percent change (APC) using curve-estimation model of logistic regression. The difference of APC was tested by t-test (α=0.05). Results The mortality and ASMRC of drowning decreased from 4.90/100 000 and 4.87/100 000 in 2012 to 3.85/100 000 and 3.59/100 000 in 2018, respectively. The APCs were -3.34% and -4.49%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the change trend (t value: 2.34 and 2.42, P>0.05). The mortality of drowning in the male was higher than that in the female (P<0.05). The mortality of drowning in rural area was higher than that in urban area (P<0.05). The mortality of drowning among children under 5 years old was the highest. The mortality of drowning among children under 5 years old decreased from 14.47/100 000 in 2012 to 4.28/100 000 in 2018, and the APC was -17.06%. The change trend was statistically significant (t=8.86, P<0.001). The drowning mortality rate in the 65-year-old and older group increased from 8.14/100 000 in 2012 to 9.77/100 000 in 2018, with an APC of 4.92%. There was no significant difference in the trend of change (t=2.56, P=0.051). The rates of DALYs and YLLs decreased from 2.73 thousand person-years and 2.70 thousand person-years in 2012 to 1.66 thousand person-years and 1.64 thousand person-years in 2018, respectively. The APCs were -7.41% and -7.41%, respectively. All of these were statistically significant (P<0.05). The rate of YLDs decreased from 0.03 thousand person-years in 2012 to 0.02 thousand person-years in 2018. There was no significant difference in the trend of change (P>0.05). Conclusion The mortality and disease burden of drowning in Chongqing showed a decreasing trend, which was lower than the national average level. Children, male and elderly people are the vulnerable population to prevent drowning, and rural areas are the key areas to prevent drowning.

BACKGROUND: We aim to explore the association between self-reported snoring and hypertension among adults aged 30-79 in Chongqing, China. METHODS: A total of 23,342 individuals aged 30-79 were included at baseline from August 2018 to January 2019, and the final sample size for the analysis was 22,423. Face-to-face interviews and physical examinations were conducted by trained investigators. Logistic regression was performed to study age-specific and gender-specific associations between snoring and hypertension. RESULTS: Frequent snoring was associated with the risk of hypertension for each age and gender group, and the frequency of snoring was positively correlated with the risk for hypertension. For the three age groups (< 45, 45-59, ≥ 60), compared with the non-snoring group, those who snore often had a 64.5%, 53.3%, and 24.5% increased risk of hypertension (< 45: OR = 1.65, 95%CI 1.34-2.02; 45-59: OR = 1.53, 95%CI 1.37-1.72; ≥ 60: OR = 1.25, 95%CI 1.09-1.42), respectively. For men and women, those who snore often had a 46.8% and 97.2% increased risk of hypertension, respectively, than the non-snoring group (men: OR = 1.47, 95%CI 1.33-1.63; women: OR = 1.97, 95%CI 1.75-2.23). CONCLUSIONS People who snore frequently should pay close attention to their blood pressure levels in order to achieve early prevention of hypertension, particularly for snorers who are female and aged under 45; importance should be attached to their blood pressure control.
Adult ; Aged ; China/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension/etiology* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Self Report ; Snoring/complications*