With the rapid development of sequencing technologies, the detection of alternative polyadenylation (APA) in mammals has become more precise. APA precisely regulates gene expression by altering the length and position of the poly(A) tail, and is involved in various biological processes such as disease occurrence and embryonic development. The research on APA in mammals mainly focuses on the following aspects:(1) identifying APA based on transcriptome data and elucidating their characteristics; (2) investigating the relationship between APA and gene expression regulation to reveal its important role in life regulation;(3) exploring the intrinsic connections between APA and disease occurrence, embryonic development, differentiation, and other life processes to provide new perspectives and methods for disease diagnosis and treatment, as well as uncovering embryonic development regulatory mechanisms. In this review, the classification, mechanisms and functions of APA were elaborated in detail and the methods for APA identifying and APA data resources based on various transcriptome data were systematically summarized. Moreover, we epitomized and provided an outlook on research on APA, emphasizing the role of sequencing technologies in driving studies on APA in mammals. In the future, with the further development of sequencing technology, the regulatory mechanisms of APA in mammals will become clearer.

A 20-year-old male patient presented to the Department of Dermatology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital with complaints of an 8-year history of facial scarring, swelling of the lower limbs, and a 4-year history of scalp thickening. Physical examination showed thickening furrowing wrinkling of the skin on the face and behind the ears, ciliary body hirsutism, blepharoptosis, and cutis verticis gyrate. Both lower limbs were swollen, especially the knees and ankles. The skin of the palms and soles of the feet was keratinized and thickened. Laboratory examination using bone and joint X-ray showed periostosis of the proximal middle phalanges and metacarpals of both hands, distal ulna and radius, tibia and fibula, distal femurs, and metatarsals.Genetic testing revealed two variants in SLCO2A1, c.1658T > A and c.96+4A > C.Through multidisciplinary consultation, we confirmed the diagnosis of pachydermoperiostosis.

ObjectiveTo understand the measles, rubella, and mumps antibody seroprevalence among the children aged 18 years and younger in Karamay City, and to evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination. MethodsA stratified whole cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the antibody seroprevalence of measles, rubella, and mumps among the healthy children aged 18 years and younger in Karamay City, and to further analyze the positive antibody rates and the geometric mean concentration (GMC) of antibodies. ResultsA total of 620 people were investigated, and the positive rates of IgG to measles, rubella, and mumps were 72.74%,62.26%, and 86.45%, respectively, with a GMC of308.94 mIU·mL^-1, 21.81 mIU·mL^-1, and 249.10 U·mL^-1. There were statistically significant differences in the positive rates of antibodies to measles, rubella, and mumps among different age groups (χ²_measles=76.707, P<0.001; χ²_rubella=60.804, P<0.001; χ²_mumps=35.407, P<0.001). The differences in positive rates were statistically significant among individuals with different intervals from the time of their last dose vaccination (χ²_measles=60.533, P<0.001; χ²_rubella=46.331, P<0.001; χ²_mumps=22.825, P<0.001). ConclusionThe antibody levels of measles, rubella and mumps among the people aged 18 years and younger in Karamay City are found to be low. Two doses of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine should be given to children born before 2020, and if necessary, supplementary immunization with MMR vaccine should be carried out before they are enrolled in nursery and kindergarten. Additionally, regular population-based antibody surveillance should be conducted to promptly identify the people with weak immunity, which is conducive to effectively reducing and controlling the epidemic situation of measles, rubella and mumps in schools.

Hearing loss is the most prevalent disabling disease. Cochlear implantation（CI） serves as the primary intervention for severe to profound hearing loss. This consensus systematically explores the value of genetic diagnosis in the pre-operative assessment and efficacy prognosis for CI. Drawing upon domestic and international research and clinical experience, it proposes an evidence-based medicine three-tiered prognostic classification system（Favorable, Marginal, Poor）. The consensus focuses on common hereditary non-syndromic hearing loss（such as that caused by mutations in genes like GJB2, SLC26A4, OTOF, LOXHD1） and syndromic hereditary hearing loss（such as Jervell & Lange-Nielsen syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome）, which are closely associated with congenital hearing loss, analyzing the impact of their pathological mechanisms on CI outcomes. The consensus provides recommendations based on multiple round of expert discussion and voting. It emphasizes that genetic diagnosis can optimize patient selection, predict prognosis, guide post-operative rehabilitation, offer stratified management strategies for patients with different genotypes, and advance the application of precision medicine in the field of CI.
Humans ; Cochlear Implantation ; Prognosis ; Hearing Loss/surgery* ; Consensus ; Connexin 26 ; Mutation ; Sulfate Transporters ; Connexins/genetics*

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Karamay City, to inform the prevention and control of the local varicella epidemic, and to guide adjustments to the varicella vaccine immunization strategy. MethodsThe data on varicella cases from 2015 to 2022 in Karamay were collected and the epidemiological characteristics were analyzed. ResultsA total of 3 380 varicella cases were reported in Karamay from 2015 to 2022, with an average annual incidence rate of 94.91/10⁵. The incidence of varicella showed a year-on-year downward trend from 2015 to 2022 (AAPC=-16.29%, P<0.05). Varicella cases demonstrated a seasonal variation, with peak incidence occurring from October to January of the following year and a slight increase from April to June. There were regional differences in the distribution of incidence rate, with 109.68/10⁵ in Karamay District, followed by 89.06/10⁵ in Baijiantan District, and 53.80/10⁵ in Dushanzi District, respectively. The incidence rates in the 10‒14 and 5‒9 years age groups were higher than that in other age groups, with an incidence rate of 447.01/10⁵ and 422.33/10⁵ in each group, respectively. Most of the cases were students, accounting for 59.17% of the total cases, followed by preschool children (17.40%). There were 645 breakthrough cases of varicella, accounting for 19.08% of the total cases. The average interval between the onset of breakthrough cases and the most recent vaccination was (5.77±3.43) years. ConclusionVaricella cases mainly occurred in schools and childcare institutions in Karamay City, highlighting the need for enhanced prevention and control efforts in these settings. A second dose of varicella vaccine is recommended for children before primary school enrollment.

Objective:To understand the current situation of work performance and influencing factors of medical staff in tertiary hospitals in Henan Province,in order to provide references for improving their performance level.Methods:An electronic questionnaire was used to investigate the work engagement and work performance of medical staff in a sample hospital in Henan Province,and multiple regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between work engagement and work performance.Results:The total score of medical staff's job performance was 45.18±5.78;Cronbach's α coefficient of the questionnaire's reliability ranged from 0.870 to 0.964;medical staff's job commitment was positively correlated with their job performance;and the highest level of educational attainment,occupational category,and job commitment were the main influencing factors of job performance(P＜0.05).Conclusion:There is still much room for improvement in the work performance of medical staff in tertiary hospitals in Henan Province,and hospitals should focus on improving the work capacity of medical staff and actively improving work engagement in order to enhance the level of medical staff performance.

Objective:To understand the current situation of nursing staff's salary satisfaction and job performance in Henan Province,and to explore the mechanism of salary satisfaction's influence on job performance.Methods:Electronic questionnaire was used to investigate the salary satisfaction,job performance and job involvement of nursing staff in sample public hospitals in Henan Province,and structural equation model was used to analyze the influence path of salary satisfaction on job performance.Results:The scores of nurses'salary satisfaction,job performance and job involvement were(68.59±19.99),(48.95±6.53)and(82.27±18.22)respectively.Nursing salary satisfaction was significantly and positively correlated with job performance(r= 0.594,P＜0.01)and work engagement(r= 0.600,P＜0.01).The standardized path coefficient of nursing staff's salary satisfaction on job performance was 0.637(P= 0.002).Conclusion:Pay satisfaction for caregivers has a significant positive impact on job outcomes,and job engagement serves as a mediator between reward satisfaction and job outcomes.It is suggested to improve the salary satisfaction and job involvement of nursing staff in order to promote the improvement of job performance.

Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an important immunosuppressive molecule, which inhibits the function of T cells and other immune cells by binding to the receptor programmed cell death-1. The PD-L1 expression disorder plays an important role in the occurrence, development, and treatment of sepsis or other inflammatory diseases, and has become an important target for the treatment of these diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a kind of pluripotent stem cells with multiple differentiation potential. In recent years, MSCs have been found to have a strong immunosuppressive ability and are used to treat various inflammatory insults caused by hyperimmune diseases. Moreover, PD-L1 is deeply involved in the immunosuppressive events of MSCs and plays an important role in the treatment of various diseases. In this review, we will summarize the main regulatory mechanism of PD-L1 expression, and discuss various biological functions of PD-L1 in the immune regulation of MSCs.