Recently， Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver published the recommendations for the diagnosis and management of non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis （NCPF）/idiopathic portal hypertension （IPH）. The guidelines mainly elaborate on the definition， diagnosis， histological features， natural history， and management of NCPF/IPH， in order to strengthen the understanding of NCPF/IPH-related issues and establish a global consensus. This article makes an excerpt of the key statements in the guidelines.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between vitamin D and ferritin nutritional status with physical indicators in primary and secondary school students in the key nutrition monitoring counties of Xinjiang, so as to provide reference for early prevention and intervention of students nutrition issues. Methods: From November to December 2023, 1 071 students aged 6-18 from key nutrition monitoring counties in the Xinjiang Nutrition Improvement Plan area were selected via stratified random sampling for physical and biochemical tests. The U test and Kruskal-Wallis H-test were used to compare the differences in physical indicators and the distribution of vitamin D and ferritin levels. Chi-square test was used to compare the prevalence of vitamin D and ferritin deficiencies among different groups of primary and secondary school students. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between the nutritional levels of vitamin D and ferritin and physical indicators. Results: The median vitamin D level was 14.7 (10.7, 19.0)ng/mL, with deficiency and insufficiency rates of 30.8% and 37.4% among primary and secondary school students in the key nutrition monitoring counties of Xinjiang Nutrition Improvement Plan area. Ferritin levels were 57.4 (37.7, 83.9)μg/L, with a deficiency rate of 5.7%. Males, primary school students, and rural residents had higher vitamin D and ferritin levels than females, secondary school students, and urban residents ( U =-11.35, -6.88, -4.52; -3.94, -9.17, -5.23, P <0.05). Vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent in females, secondary school students, and urban students ( χ 2=97.52, 49.01, 21.89, P <0.05), while ferritin deficiency was higher in primary school students and urban areas ( χ 2=34.11, 5.63, P <0.05). Significant differences in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumstance (WC) were observed across vitamin D/ferritin statuses ( U/H =35.47, 22.82; -4.19 , -5.36, P <0.05). Vitamin D and ferritin levels negatively correlated with age, BMI, and WC but positively with waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) ( r = -0.31, -0.19, -0.19, 0.20; -0.32, -0.13, -0.21, 0.08, P <0.05). Conclusions Vitamin D and ferritin levels in primary and secondary school students in key nutritional monitoring counties in Xinjiang are correlated with age, BMI, WC and WHtR, and there are nutrient deficiencies. Targeted measures are recommended to improve nutritional status and physical health.

ObjectiveTo investigate the antiviral effect of Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids and its relationship with the type Ⅰ interferon （IFN-Ⅰ） signaling pathway. MethodThe effects of Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids on the intracellular replication of influenza A virus （H1N1）， vesicular stomatitis virus （VSV）， and cerebral myocarditis virus （EMCV） were detected by fluorescent inverted microscope， flow cytometry， Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）， and Western blot. A mouse model infected with H1N1 was constructed， and the mice were divided into a control group， H1N1 model group， Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids groups （10， 20， 30 mg·kg^-1）， and oseltamivir group （40 mg·kg^-1）， so as to study the effects on the weight and survival rate of infected mice. Real-time PCR was used to detect the activation effect of Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids on the IFN-Ⅰ pathway in cells， and the relationship between the antiviral effect of Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids in IFNAR1 knockout A549 cells （IFNAR1^-/--A549） and IFN-Ⅰ pathway was detected. ResultCompared with the control group， the virus proliferated significantly in the model group （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids could significantly inhibit the replication of H1N1， VSV， and EMCV in vitro （P<0.01）， inhibit the weight loss of the mice infected with the H1N1 in vivo， and improve the survival rate of mice （P<0.05）. In addition， Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids activated the IFN-I pathway and relied on this pathway to exert the function of antiviral infection. ConclusionMenispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids exert antiviral effects in vivo and in vitro by activating the IFN-Ⅰ pathway.

Natural products are important sources for the discovery of anti-tumor drugs. Evodiamine is the main alkaloid component of the traditional Chinese herb Wu-Chu-Yu, and it has weak antitumor activity. In recent years, a number of highly active antitumor candidates have been discovered with a significant progress. This article reviews the research progress of evodiamine-based antitumor drug design strategies, in order to provide reference for the development of new drugs with natural products as leads.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of Guizhi Fuling Pills in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)and endometriosis(EMT).Methods TCMSP was utilized to obtain the active ingredients and related targets of the constituent Chinese medicines of Guizhi Fuling Pills.GeneCards,PharmGKB,and TTD databases were used to screen PCOS and EMT disease targets,respectively.The Venn R diagram was drawn after obtaining the intersecting targets of drugs and diseases using the Venn R package in R software,the drug-active ingredient-potential target interactions network diagram was made in Cytoscape,the intersecting target protein-protein interactions(PPI)network diagram was drawn in the STRING platform,and Cytoscape was used to optimize the PPI network and screen the core targets.R language was applied for Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis,and AutoDockTools was for molecular docking.Results A total of 85 active ingredients and 191 corresponding targets of Guizhi Fuling Pills were obtained,and 77 potential targets of Guizhi Fuling Pills for the treatment of PCOS and EMT.The core active ingredients of Guizhi Fuling Pills for PCOS and EMT were quercetin,β-sitosterol,kaempferol,hederagenin,baicalein,and the core targets were AKT1,EGFR,IL-6,TNF,and TP53.GO functional analysis yielded 2 020 biological process,34 cellular components,126 molecular functions,and KEGG enrichment analysis yielded 165 signaling pathways.Molecular docking showed that the core components in the formula docked well with the targets.Conclusion Guizhi Fuling Pills may regulate the signaling pathways of lipid and atherosclerosis,AGE-RAGE signaling pathway,fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis,and chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation through quercetin,β-sitosterol,kaempferol,hederagenin,and baicalein,and act on AKT1,EGFR,IL-6,TNF,and TP53,thus treating PCOS and EMT with homotherapy for heteropathy.

The recording and analysis of activities of calcium signals in neurons is of critical importance in the field of neuroscience.Over the past three decades,various fluorescent calcium imaging techniques not only have been used in the imaging study of functional activities of neuronal communities,but also can be combined with specific markers to record the functional activities of specific types of neuronal communities.To analyze neural activities at the cellular level,a series of preprocessing such as motion correction,cell body recognition,calcium signal extraction and peak deconvolution is required for the collected video.However,current methods for manual preprocessing are time-consuming and laborious,so computer automatic analysis technology is urgently needed to quickly repair the jitter in the video,identify the position and outline of a single cell,extract its activity trajectory and infer the action potential peak.In this paper,the methods of calcium imaging data processing used in recent years are summarized,and the future developments are predicted.

Objective To build a neural network based on the Unet infrastructure for recognition and segmentation of two-dimensional calcium imaging fluorescence images.Methods The in vivo miniaturized two-photon microscope(mTPM)was used for brain calcium imaging in freely moving mice.The imaging data was motion corrected using the NoRMCorre algorithm and processed using ImageJ software to obtain the original images after correction,and the labels were produced using the Labelme software.The neural network HDCGUnet was built using the original images and labels for training,and optimized to improve the model structure according to the training effect.Finally,the evaluation indexes were selected and compared with those of other models to verify the utility of this model.Results The HDCGUnet model,which was collected and made on our own,performed best in the two-photon calcium imaging dataset compared to other models,and performed well on the BBBC dataset either.Conclusion The HDCGUnet model provides a novel alternative for the recognition and segmentation of two-photon calcium imaging images.

Objective:To analyze the clinical and genetic characteristics of congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) in boys.Methods:Cross-sectional study.Clinical data, laboratory data and genetic results of boys who were genetically diagnosed with CHH at the Department of Endocrinology of Shenzhen Children′s Hospital from December 2019 to February 2023 were collected in this retrospective study.Their clinical manifestations, hormone levels and gene mutations were analyzed.The non-normal distribution was represented by the median.The rank sum test was used to compare the non-normal distribution data between the two groups.Results:A total of 27 boys were genetically diagnosed with CHH, with the age at first diagnosis ranging from 0.3 to 16.6 years old.All these children presented with micropenis (100%), of whom 16 were complicated with cryptorchidism (59.3%), 9 with microrchidia (33.3%), 7 with simple micropenis (25.9%), and no had simple cryptorchidism.Three children had cardiovascular dysplasia.The median of basal luteinizing hormone(LH) level was 0.09 IU/L, and 92.5%(25/27) of children had the basal LH level below 1.00 IU/L.The median of peak LH level after gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH) stimulation was 1.42 IU/L, and 96.2%(26/27) of children had the peak LH level below 4.00 IU/L.The median of serum inhibin B was 41.15 μg/L, and the median of serum anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH) was 12.62 mg/L.The serum AMH level of children with cryptorchidism was significantly lower than that of children without cryptorchidism (10.02 mg/L vs.50.50 mg/L, P<0.05). A total of 12 gene mutations were detected in the 27 children, of which 1 was biallelic mutation.The most common gene mutations were in CHD7 and ANOS1 genes (7 children each, both accounting for 51.8%), followed by FGFR1 gene (3 children, 11.1%). After short-term treatment by GnRH pump or subcutaneous injection of recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone in 4 children, the levels of serum inhibin B and AMH increased significantly, and the testicular volume also increased. Conclusions:CHH is a congenital disease with different clinical manifestations at different ages.The main manifestations in childhood are micropenis and cryptorchidism, and some children have microrchidia.Its diagnosis in prepuberty is difficult, but genetic testing is of great significance for early diagnosis.

Clinical pathway has great similarity with DRG,and plays an important role in standardizing diagnosis and treatment behavior and controlling medical expenses.Based on the analysis of the relationship between DRG payment method reform and clinical pathway,taking a public hospital in Wuhan City,Hubei Province as an example,the clinical pathway implementation strategy of large public hospitals under the DRG payment method reform was explored from five aspects:management system,suitable disease types,doctor's order setting,information system,training and assessment.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) combined with lower cervical fracture is often categorized into unstable fracture, with a high incidence of neurological injury and a high rate of disability and morbidity. As factors such as shoulder occlusion may affect the accuracy of X-ray imaging diagnosis, it is often easily misdiagnosed at the primary diagnosis. Non-operative treatment has complications such as bone nonunion and the possibility of secondary neurological damage, while the timing, access and choice of surgical treatment are still controversial. Currently, there are no clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture with or without dislocation. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedics Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts to formulate Clinical guidelines for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis combined with lower cervical fracture in adults ( version 2024) in accordance with the principles of evidence-based medicine, scientificity and practicality, in which 11 recommendations were put forward in terms of the diagnosis, imaging evaluation, typing and treatment, etc, to provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture.