Objective To optimize the process conditions and analyze the components of alkaloids from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim（Z. bungeanum）using macroporous resin. Methods Combining single factor tests and orthogonal tests, the content of hydroxy-α-sanshool（HAS）and hydroxy-β-sanshool（HBS）were considered as indexes to determine the best process parameters. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS^E）was used to identify the structures of alkaloids. Results The optimal conditions were Mitsubishi HP-20 macroporous resin, the loading solution concentration was 0.2 g crude drug/ml, the ratio of crude drug to resin volume was 1 g∶2.5 ml, the diameter/height ratio of resin column was 1∶7, the dynamic adsorption flow rate was 4 times of bed volume（BV）per hour, and the adsorption time was 1 h. Impurities were removed by using 2 BV of 20% ethanol, 5 BV of 80% ethanol was used to elution, and the content of HAS and HBS was 4.71% and 1.02%, respectively. A total of 20 alkaloids were identified from Z. bungeanum. Conclusion This method was stable and feasible, obtaining high purity and various kinds of alkaloids, which could be used for the enrichment and purification of alkaloids from Z. bungeanum.

[Objective]To explore the expression of transcription factor KLF16 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and its effect on lipid metabolism.[Methods]An animal model of NAFLD was constructed in mice induced by a high-fat diet.The mice were divided into normal diet group(ND)and high fat diet group(HFD).NAFLD cell model was constructed by primary mouse liver cells induced by oleic acid.The cells were divided into control group(Control group)and oleic acid induction group(OA group).Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)and Western blot were used to detect KLF16 expression in NAFLD animal and cell models.In vitro and in vivo models of KLF16 knockdown were constructed by injection of adeno-associated virus(AAV)into mouse tail veins and transient transfection of cell siRNA.Hematoxylin-eosin staining(HE)and other methods were used to detect changes in lipid deposition in NAFLD models be-fore and after KLF16 knockout.RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of key genes of lipid metabolism in both cellu-lar and animal NAFLD models before and after KLF16 knockdown.Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress protein in NAFLD model before and after KLF16 knockdown.[Results]The expression level of KLF16 was up-regulated in HFD group and OA group,and lipid deposition was increased in OA group after KLF16 was depressed.There was no change in TC level in hepatocytes between groups(P>0.05),and TG level was increased in differ-ent degrees(P<0.05,P<0.001).At the same time,the change of KLF16 expression also caused the change of ER stress protein expression in OA group.[Conclusion]The transcription factor KLF16 may alleviate lipid deposition in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by endoplasmic reticulum stress.

BACKGROUND: China bears the biggest atrial fibrillation (AF) burden in the world. However, little is known about the incidence and predictors of AF. This study aimed to investigate the current incidence of AF and its electrocardiographic (ECG) predictors in general community individuals aged over 60 years in China. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study, recruiting subjects who were aged over 60 years and underwent annual health checkups from April to July 2015 in four community health centers in Songjiang District, Shanghai, China. The subjects were then followed up from 2015 to 2019 annually. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, and the resting 12-lead ECG were collected. Kaplan-Meier curve was used for showing the trends in AF incidence and calculating the predictors of AF. Associations of ECG abnormalities and AF incidence were examined using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: This study recruited 18,738 subjects, and 351 (1.87%) developed AF. The overall incidence rate of AF was 5.2/1000 person-years during an observation period of 67,704 person-years. Multivariable Cox regression analysis indicated age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.09; P < 0.001), male (HR, 1.30; 95% CI: 1.05-1.62; P = 0.018), a history of hypertension (HR, 1.55; 95% CI: 1.23-1.95; P < 0.001), a history of cardiac diseases (HR, 3.23; 95% CI: 2.34-4.45; P < 0.001), atrial premature complex (APC) (HR, 2.82; 95% CI: 2.17-3.68; P < 0.001), atrial flutter (HR, 18.68; 95% CI: 7.37-47.31; P < 0.001), junctional premature complex (JPC) (HR, 3.57; 95% CI: 1.59-8.02; P = 0.002), junctional rhythm (HR, 18.24; 95% CI: 5.83-57.07; P < 0.001), ventricular premature complex (VPC) (HR, 1.76; 95% CI: 1.13-2.75, P = 0.012), short PR interval (HR, 5.49; 95% CI: 1.36-22.19; P = 0.017), right atrial enlargement (HR, 6.22; 95% CI: 1.54-25.14; P = 0.010), and pacing rhythm (HR, 3.99; 95% CI: 1.57-10.14; P = 0.004) were independently associated with the incidence of AF. CONCLUSIONS The present incidence of AF was 5.2/1000 person-years in the studied population aged over 60 years in China. Among various ECG abnormalities, only APC, atrial flutter, JPC, junctional rhythm, short PR interval, VPC, right atrial enlargement, and pacing rhythm were independently associated with AF incidence.
Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Atrial Fibrillation/epidemiology* ; Prospective Studies ; Incidence ; Atrial Flutter/complications* ; Risk Factors ; China/epidemiology* ; Electrocardiography

Esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most lethal malignancies in the world and occurs at particularly higher frequency in China. While several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of germline variants and whole-genome or whole-exome sequencing studies of somatic mutations in ESCC have been published, there is no comprehensive database publically available for this cancer. Here, we developed the Chinese Cancer Genomic Database-Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (CCGD-ESCC) database, which contains the associations of 69,593 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with ESCC risk in 2022 cases and 2039 controls, survival time of 1006 ESCC patients (survival GWAS) and gene expression (expression quantitative trait loci, eQTL) in 94 ESCC patients. Moreover, this database also provides the associations between 8833 somatic mutations and survival time in 675 ESCC patients. Our user-friendly database is a resource useful for biologists and oncologists not only in identifying the associations of genetic variants or somatic mutations with the development and progression of ESCC but also in studying the underlying mechanisms for tumorigenesis of the cancer. CCGD-ESCC is freely accessible at http://db.cbi.pku.edu.cn/ccgd/ESCCdb.
Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; epidemiology ; Databases, Genetic ; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Variation ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Internet ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; genetics ; User-Computer Interface

Objective To observe the anesthesia related effect of dexmedetomidine conscious sedation on Laryngeal mask airway general anesthesia in Parkinson patients with deep brain electric stimulus implantation.Methods Forty patients (72 males, 8 females, aged 18-75 years, ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ) of Parkinson disease with selective operated bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain electric stimulus implantation were selected and randomly divided into dexmedetomidine group (group D) and contrast group (group C), 20 cases in each group.The operation divided into two stages: in the first stage, the electrode was put under the local anesthesia, CT examination proof of electrode placement satisfaction was the end of the first stage.The second stage needed to bury the pulse generator under of the chest skin under general anesthesia.For group D, dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg was pumped venously within 15 min after entering the operating room, the speed of 0.1-0.3 μg·kg-1·h-1 was kept subsequently until the end of the first period.For group C, the same dosage of normal saline was pumped.The times of micro-electrode interference, tremor relief were recorded.Ramsay scores of two groups of patients were recorded at the entry of operating room (T0), partial infiltration anesthesia (T1), unilateral electrode implantation (T2), contralateral electrode implantation (T3), the end of the first period (T4);the time needed to vanish consciousness, implant laryngeal mask airway, recover the spontaneous breathing and extubation were recorded;the propofol, remifentanil dosage from the beginning of general anesthesia induction to the end of the surgery were recorded.Results The micro-electrode was intervened and tremble was relieved in both two groups.Compared with group C, the ramsay scores of T1-T4 were obviously increased in group D (P<0.05), the time needed to vanish consciousness, implant laryngeal mask airway, recover the autonomous respiration, extubation were significantly shortened in group D (P<0.05), the dosage of propofol, remifentanil from the beginning of the general anesthesia starts to the end of the surgery were significantly reduced in group D (P<0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine provided the excellent sedation to the first period of Parkinson patients with deep brain electric stimulus implantation;it can shorten the time of the anesthesia induction and awakening time, as well as decreases propofol and remifentanil dosage.

Objective To discuss the clinical efficacy between the small skull-window microsurgical surgery and conventional trauma craniotomy in the treatment of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage .Methods The clinical data of patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage treated with two different approaches from January 2010 to October 2014 were analyzed retrospectively .Re-sults The re-hemorrhage rate of patients treated with conventional trauma craniotomy was relatively low ,compared with patients treated with small skull-window microsurgical surgery .small skull-window microsurgical surgery was superior than conventional trauma craniotomy in the incidence of postoperative complications ,disability rate and patients′ hospitalization time(P< 0 .05) .Con-clusion Small skull-window microsurgical surgery is superior than conventional trauma craniotomy .

BACKGROUND:Vacuolar proton pump on the cytoplasmic membrane of osteoclasts is an essential enzyme for bone histolysis. Vacuolar proton pump inhibitor can significantly inhibit the in vitro cultured osteoclasts.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of proton pump inhibitor FR167356 on the osseointegration of dental implant of osteoporosis rabbits.
METHODS:A total of 24 female Japanese white rabbits aged 5 months were randomly divided into three groups:ovariectomy (OVX) group, FR167356 group and shamed operation group. Each group contained eight rabbits. Rabbits of OVX group and FR167356 group received a surgical removal of bilateral ovaries, while rabbits of sham operation group had a surgical removal of equivalent adipose tissue beside the ovaries. Two titatium implants (8 mm long, 3.3 mm diameter) were instal ed into bilateral proximal tibias respectively 12 weeks after OVX operation. FR167356 was administrated by muscle injection in FR167356 group;meanwhile equivalent normal saline was administrated in the OVX group and sham operation group. At 4 and 8 weeks after implantation, animals in each group were sacrificed respectively for X-ray imaging, histomorphology, and mechanical test.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:X-ray examination showed that at 4 weeks, the implants in the OVX group exhibited a high resistance projective image, low density image of clearance screw thread, and clear boundaries between bone tissue than the other two group. At 12 weeks, the density of the clearance screw thread in sham operation group and FR167356 group was more closer to the surrounding bone tissue when compared with the OVX group, the boundaries between the implant and the surrounding bone tissue disappeared more apparently, and no significant differences were found between the two groups. Histomorphology observation revealed that, at 4 weeks after implantation, new bone with porous and trabecular extended along the implant surface to the root direction in FR167356 and sham operation groups. There were no significant differences in the two groups. At 12 weeks after implantation, the bone mass around implant was increased greatly and the trabecular grew thicker. This phenomenon was not observed in the OVX group. Mechanic test showed that at 4 and 12 weeks after implantation, the maximum pul out force in the OVX group was significantly lower than that in the other two groups. Local application of FR167356 can significantly improve the osseointegration of the implant in osteoporosis rabbits.

OBJECTIVETo investigated the curative effect of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for malignant lymphoma.

METHODSThe clinical data of 81 patients with malignant lymphoma received ASCT from April 1999 to October 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Of 81 patients, 70 were non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and 11 Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). High dose of etoposide combined with G-CSF was used to mobilize peripheral hematopoietic stem cell. Preconditioning regimen was BEAM (carmustine + cytarabine + etoposide + melphalan).

RESULTSEnough peripheral blood stem cells were collected from all patients. All of the patients after transplantation achieved hematopoietic reconstitution, the median time of the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) recovery to >0.5×10⁹/L time was 10(7-16) d, and the median time of platelet count recovery to >20×10⁹/L was 10(6-17) d. With the follow-up of 23(2-139) months, progression free survival (PFS) was 72.7%, and overall survival (OS) was 88.6%. The median PFS and OS were not reached. Complete remission (CR) before ASCT was an independent prognostic factor of PFS. No transplant related death happened.

CONCLUSIONASCT was a safe and effective method for treatment of malignant lymphoma.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplantation, Autologous

This study was aimed to analyze the volatile constituents from flower, stem tip and seed of Cucurbita moschata Duch.(Miben). The volatiles were analyzed by head-space solid micro-extraction, coupled with GC-MS and Kovats indices for the first time . The results showed that 22 compounds were identified from the flower , 20 from the stem tip and 21 from the seed of the C. moschata (Miben). The total essential constituents from each part were 91 . 89%, 89 . 24% and 96 . 26%, respectively . A total of 10 compounds in the flower and stem tip were mutual. And 3 compounds in the flower, stem tip and seed were mutual. It was concluded that the β-bourbonene (17.57%) and heneicosane (11.90%) were the highest components of the total essential constituents of the flower of C. moschata (Miben). Decanal (28.77%) was the highest components of the stem tip and hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (29.12%), 2,3-butanediol (16.90%) and linoleic acid ethyl ester (16.52%) were the highest compo-nents of seed of C. moschata (Miben).

This article was aimed to evaluate the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of extracts from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and different processed products. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was screened with acarbose as positive control and by α-glucosidase inhibitory model in v itro . The results showed that the ex-tracts from the root of S. miltiorrhiza and different processed products had inhibitory activity. And the activity was higher than that of acarbose. In addition to the MeOH extract of S. miltiorrhiza carbon, the inhibitory activity of MeOH extracts from other processed products were higher than that of MeOH extract of S. miltiorrhiza. The in-hibitory activity of petroleum ether extracts of different processed products were close to S. miltiorrhiza. EtOAC extracts were lower than that of S. miltiorrhiza. The n-BuOH extracts were higher than that of S. miltiorrhiza. The inhibitory activity of extracts was positively correlated with concentrations, and it depended on the concentra-tion. It was concluded that the processed products of S. miltiorrhiza can strengthen α-glucosidase inhibitory activ-ity in different degrees.