Background The decline of physical activity in the elderly due to aging may increase the risk of sarcopenia. Currently, there is a lack of evidence from large natural populations on the relationship between PA and sarcopenia. Objective To explore the relationship between PA and sarcopenia in the elderly aged 60 years and above in 10 provinces (autonomous regions) of China. Methods Data were retrieved from the 2022—2023 round of the China Development and Nutrition Health Impact Cohort. Personal basic information and PA data were collected by questionnaire survey. Skeletal muscle mass was measured by bio-electrical impedance analysis, muscle strength was measured using a grip dynamometer, and physical performance was reflected by 6-meter walk speed. The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 criteria were used to diagnose sarcopenia. Light physical activity (LPA) duration, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) duration, and total physical activity volume were calculated. A total of 3326 residents aged ≥60 years with complete data were selected as the survey participants. Multiple logistic regression models and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to assess the association between PA duration/volume and sarcopenia. Results In 10 provinces (autonomous regions) of China, the prevalence of sarcopenia in the elderly aged 60 years and above was 5.5% (95%CI: 4.7%, 6.2%). The logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the elderly reporting 0-7.0 h·week⁻¹ in LPA duration, the risk of sarcopenia in the elderly with LPA duration of >14.0-21.0 h·week⁻¹ was reduced by 51% (OR=0.49, 95%CI: 0.26, 0.96). Compared with the elderly with total physical activity ≥15.0 metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-h·week⁻¹, those with <7.5 MET-h·week⁻¹ had a 2.24-fold increased risk of sarcopenia (OR=2.24, 95%CI: 1.17, 4.29). The RCS results found that LPA duration and total physical activity volume each showed a nonlinear dose-response relationship with the risk of sarcopenia (P_overall<0.05, P_non-linear<0.05). Compared with the elderly with an LPA duration of 0 h· week⁻¹, the risk of sarcopenia in the elderly with an LPA duration of 12.6 h· week⁻¹ was the lowest (OR=0.42, 95%CI: 0.21, 0.83). Compared with the elderly with a total physical activity volume of 15.0 MET-h· week⁻¹, the elderly with a total physical activity volume of 46.0 MET-h· week⁻¹ had the lowest risk of sarcopenia (OR=0.57, 95%CI: 0.38, 0.84). There was no statistically significant association between weekly MVPA duration and the risk of sarcopenia (P>0.05). Conclusion Increasing weekly LPA duration and total physical activity volume would help to reduce the risk of sarcopenia.

Oral diseases concern almost every individual and are a serious health risk to the popula-tion.The restorative treatment of tooth and jaw defects is an important means to achieve oral function and support the appearance of the contour.Based on the principle of"learning from the nature",Deng Xu-liang's group of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology has proposed a new concept of"microstructural biomimetic design and tissue adaptation of tooth/jaw materials"to address the worldwide problems of difficulty in treating dentine hypersensitivity,poor prognosis of restoration of tooth defects,and vertical bone augmentation of alveolar bone after tooth loss.The group has broken through the bottle-neck of multi-stage biomimetic technology from the design of microscopic features to the enhancement of macroscopic effects,and invented key technologies such as crystalline/amorphous multi-level assembly,ion-transportation blocking,and multi-physical properties of the micro-environment reconstruction,etc.The group also pioneered the cationic-hydrogel desensitizer,digital stump and core integrated restora-tions,and developed new crown and bridge restorative materials,gradient functionalisation guided tissue regeneration membrane,and electrically responsive alveolar bone augmentation restorative membranes,etc.These products have established new clinical strategies for tooth/jaw defect repair and achieved inno-vative results.In conclusion,the research results of our group have strongly supported the theoretical im-provement of stomatology,developed the technical system of oral hard tissue restoration,innovated the clinical treatment strategy,and led the progress of the stomatology industry.

Objective To investigate the incidence,risk factors,treatment outcomes,and other clinical outcomes of checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis(CIP)in cancer patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.Methods Clinical data of 1 084 cancer patients who received treatment with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors from 2019 to 2021 in Department of Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University were collected and then retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into a non-CIP group(998 cases)and a CIP group(86 cases),and those from the latter group were further divided into G1～G4 grades,of which G1～G2 grades were classified as low-grade CIP subgroup(69 cases)and G3～G4 grades as high-grade CIP subgroup(17 cases).Chi-square test,binary logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used to summarize the incidence,risk factors,treatment outcome of CIP and its relationship with immune efficacy and progression-free survival(PFS).Results The incidence of CIP was 7.93％(86/1 084)in the cohort,the rate of high-grade CIP was 1.57％(17/1 084),and the rate of mortality was 0.09％(1/1 084).Binary logistic regression analysis showed that history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD,OR=3.018,P=0.036)and history of chest radiotherapy(OR=2.605,P＜0.001)were independent risk factors for CIP.The patients with an age of ≥ 65 years had an obviously higher incidence of high-grade CIP than those with younger age(P=0.021).There were no statistical differences in objective remission rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR)and PFS between the non-CIP group and the CIP group.Out of the 86 CIP patients,50(58.14％)stopped immunotherapy,the other 36(41.86％)continued or restarted immunotherapy.One(1.16％)patient died of respiratory failure,and the remaining patients were relieved after drug withdrawal,hormone therapy,immunosuppressive therapy,etc.Conclusion The cancer patients with history of COPD or chest radiotherapy have a higher incidence of CIP after PD-1/PD-L1 treatment.Patients with advanced age are prone to high-grade CIP.Most CIP patients can achieve good outcomes after active treatment,and some with low-grade CIP can restart immunotherapy.

Objective:To investigate the synchronized feature patterns of local field potentials in the hippocampus (HPC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) during working memory based on time-varying spectral coherence so as to support the study of information processing mechanisms in working memory.Methods:The local field potentials (LFPs) signals of the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were collected from six SD rats during the performance of a spatial working memory task in the Y-maze, and the time-frequency distributions of vHPC and mPFC LFPs were calculated by applying the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) to determine the characteristic frequency bands of the working memory and then to investigate the synchronized patterns of vHPC and mPFC LFPs based on the coherent of the time-varying frequency spectrum. Finally, support vector machines were applied to explore the feasibility of applying spectral coherence values to predict working memory.Results:When rats performed working memory tasks correctly, the energy of the theta band (4 - 12 Hz) of the HPC and PFC increased (all P < 0.01), and the spectral coherence value of the theta band of the HPC-PFC increased ( P < 0.05). Support vector machine training and prediction using the average peak spectral coherence and the difference between the peak and the onset when correctly and incorrectly executing the working memory as features resulted in 89% accuracy, 90% precision, 88% recall, and 88% F1 scores, all of which were statistically significant differences compared to the results of the randomly disrupted labeled data rearranging (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:Synchronized synergy in the HPC-PFC theta band is one of the potential mechanisms for correctly performing information processing in working memory.

Radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer. Under the premise of effective systemic treatment, selecting patients who may benefit from local radiotherapy can effectively relieve symptoms and improve quality of life, and it is expected to prolong the survival time of patients. Moreover, immunotherapy plays an increasingly significant role in advanced esophageal cancer, and the efficacy of radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy is promising.

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between academic stress and extracurricular physical exercise among college students, with the goal of providing evidence and reference for effectively alleviating academic stress. Methods: A stratified cluster random sampling method was employed, along with the Chinese College Student Psychological Health Screening Scale and a self designed questionnaire. In January 2023, an online survey was conducted among 1 108 college students from eight colleges and universities in Jiangsu Province. Statistical analyses included independent samples t test, one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the optimal scale regression model. Results: It revealed that 50.8% of students worried about falling behind their peers in their studies, 51.7% expressed concerns about exams, 21.7% exerted significant effort but still struggled to keep up with the pace of learning, and 24.9% felt difficulties in their studies. The overall index of academic stress was higher among undergraduate institutions, first year students, female students, and urban residents ( t/F =3.66, 10.96, -5.46, 3.52, P <0.01). The average time of weekly extracurricular physical exercise for students was (2.35±2.18)h, and there were significant differences by gender, only child status, and grade groups( t/F =2.35, 4.66, 7.09, P <0.05). The optimal scale regression model analysis ( R 2=0.17, F=32.03, P <0.01) revealed that the regression coefficient and partial correlation coefficient between academic stress and extracurricular physical exercise time were both -0.33( P <0.01). The importance of extracurricular physical exercise in the model was 0.66, with a tolerance value of 0.97. The regression coefficients and partial correlation coefficients for academic stress and extracurricular physical exercise time were -0.35, -0.35 for undergraduate students, and -0.31, -0.32 for junior college students ( P < 0.01 ). Conclusion A significant number of college students experience varying degrees of academic stress, and their engagement in extracurricular physical exercise is insufficient. There is a negative association between academic stress and extracurricular physical activity time among college students. Universities should encourage students to increase extracurricular physical activity time to reduce academic stress and promote college students mental health.

Objective:To study the expression of Proline rich protein11 (PRR11) in breast cancer and its relationship with clinical biological behavior, prognosis and survival.Methods:A prospective analysis method was used to select 80 patients with breast cancer from Jan. 2018 to Jan. 2019. Immunohistochemical S-P method was used to detect the expression of PRR11 in cancer tissues. Patients with positive expression of PRR11 were set as the study group ( n=47) and the patients with negative expression of PRR11 were set as the control group ( n=33) . All patients were followed up for 3 years to analyze and compare the survival rates of patients with positive and negative expression of PRR11. The relationship between PRR11 expression and clinical biological behavior, prognosis and survival was analyzed by Cox risk ratio review model. Results:80 patients were followed up for 3 years. It was found that the prognosis of patients with negative PRR11 expression was significantly better than that of patients with positive PRR11 expression ( χ2=5.75, P<0.001) . Chi square test was used to analyze the correlation between the expression of PRR11 and tumor size, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, histological grade, Ki67 expression and hormone receptor status ( P<0.05) . The expression of PRR11 in breast cancer tissues with larger tumors, distant metastasis and later staging was relatively high ( P<0.05) . Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that histological grade, TNM stage and PRR11 were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of breast cancer patients ( P<0.001) . The AUC of prognosis prediction in patients with breast cancer was 0.812, and the 95% CI was 0.635-0.796. When PRR11 expression was positive, the sensitivity was 81.47%, and the specificity was 85.57%. Conclusions:The expression of PRR11 is relatively high in the late stage breast cancer tissue. The expression of PRR11 is closely related to the clinical biological behavior of breast cancer size, TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. The survival rate of patients with high PRR11 expression is low, and the positive expression of PRR11 is an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of breast cancer patients. PRR11 detection has preferable clinical application value in predicting the prognosis of breast cancer.

Microneedle percutaneous immunization is achieved by puncturing the stratum corneum of the skin with microneedles so that the vaccine is efficiently recognized by antigen-presenting cells to induce a specific immune response. Due to the advantages of efficient induction of immune response, low pain and easy storage, transdermal immunization by microneedles has been widely used for immunization of various vaccines in recent years. This review summarizes the materials of microneedles, application for transcutaneous immunization, as well as the challenges that need to be addressed.
Administration, Cutaneous ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Needles ; Vaccination ; Vaccines

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with docetaxel for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer.Methods:A total of 118 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer who received treatment in Jinhua Guangfu Cancer Hospital from March 2018 to June 2019 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to receive treatment with either anlotinib combined with docetaxel (study group, n = 59) or docetaxel alone (control group, n = 59) for two treatment courses. Clinical efficacy, progression-free survival, 1-year survival rate, and adverse drug reactions were compared between the study and control groups. Results:There was no significant difference in the objective remission rate between the two groups (22.03% vs. 32.20%, χ2 = 1.544, P = 0.214). The disease control rate in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group (88.14% vs. 69.49%, χ2 = 6.141, P = 0.013). Progression-free survival in the study group was significantly longer than that in the control group [6.92 months (95% CI: 3.83-9.54 months) vs. 3.84 months (95% CI: 2.08-6.17 months), χ2 = 5.934, P = 0.019). The 1-year survival rate in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group [52.47% (31/59) vs. 32.20% (19/59), χ2 = 4.998, P = 0.025]. During the treatment, the proportion of patients having leucopenia, erythropenia, gastrointestinal adverse reactions and abnormal liver and kidney function in the study group was 20.34%, 13.56%, 28.81% and 5.08%, respectively, which was significantly higher than 16.95%, 10.17%, 23.73% and 3.39%, respectively in the control group ( χ2 = 0.211-0.835, P = 0.361-0.646). Conclusion:Arotinib combined with docetaxel can effectively inhibit the progression of non-small cell lung cancer, prolong the progression-free survival, increase the 1-year survival rate, and does not increase adverse drug reactions.

Objective:To establish a three-level clinical grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) bank, including seed cell bank (SCB), master cell bank (MCB) and working cell bank (WCB), and provide hUC-MSCs with controllable quality for clinical research and application.Methods:247 human umbilical cord tissues were isolated, cultured, amplified, subcultured and frozen in GMP laboratory, and the biological characteristics, safety and stability of hUC-MSCs were tested in accordance with the requirements of relevant quality management control specifications.Results:247 strains of hUC-MSCs were isolated and prepared. The prepared hUC-MSCs have good purity and homogeneity without tumorigenicity, show good differentiation ability in biological efficacy, and have strong immunosuppressive effect in the process of co-culture with immune cells. These cells have passed the quality check of National Institute for Food and Drug Control. In this study, a three-level hUC-MSCs bank was established, and it was included into the National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center.Conclusions:A three-level clinical hUC-MSCs bank was successfully established and preliminarily applied to clinical research, which effectively promoted the standardized development of clinical stem cell resource bank and the clinical transformation and application of stem cells in China.