BACKGROUND:The pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy has not yet been clarified,and TAM(Tyro3,Axl,and MerTK)receptor tyrosine kinases can control apoptotic cells and suppress inflammatory responses in the central nervous system. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the difference of Mer receptor tyrosine kinase(MerTK)levels in plasma and sciatic nerve tissue of Sprague-Dawley rats with type 2 diabetes and diabetic peripheral neuropathy,and to study the correlation between MerTK and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. METHODS:Forty male Sprague-Dawley were randomly divided into control group with 15 rats,type 2 diabetes group with 10 rats,and diabetic peripheral neuropathy group with 15 rats.The control group was fed with ordinary diet,while the experimental groups were fed with high-fat and high-sugar diet.After 6 weeks,intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at the minimum dose of 35 mg/kg was administered in the two experimental groups.After 14 days,tail vein blood was collected to detect blood glucose.If blood glucose≥16.7 mmol/L,the model of type 2 diabetes was successfully established.Rats in the diabetic peripheral neuropathy group continued to be fed with a high-sugar and high-fat diet for 8 weeks.The sciatic nerve conduction velocity of rats was detected through live isolation under anesthesia.Blood samples were collected from the abdominal aorta,and the sciatic nerve tissue was collected.Histological changes of nerve fibers in each group were observed under a light microscope to confirm the success of diabetic peripheral neuropathy modeling.ELISA was used to detect peripheral blood glucose,blood lipids and serum MerTK levels in rats;hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the histological changes in the sciatic nerve;immunofluorescence,immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to detect the expression of MerTK in the sciatic nerve tissue. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The Sprague-Dawley rat models of type 2 diabetes and type 2 diabetes peripheral neuropathy were successfully constructed,and the modeling rate of diabetic peripheral neuropathy was 80%.Compared with the control group,the blood glucose levels of rats in the type 2 diabetes and diabetic peripheral neuropathy groups were significantly higher(P<0.000 1),while the blood glucose level in the diabetic peripheral neuropathy group was higher than that in the type 2 diabetes group;and the sciatic nerve conduction velocity was significantly decreased(P<0.05),which was lower in the diabetic peripheral neuropathy group than the type 2 diabetes group.Histological examination:Compared with the control group,the sciatic nerve nuclei were reduced in the type 2 diabetes group,with some vacuolar degeneration and phagocytosis;in the diabetic peripheral neuropathy group,the cell body was swollen,the nuclear spacing was increased,vacuolar degeneration was observed,and the myelin sheath was partitioned and unsmooth,and lattice-like axons appeared.Serum MerTK levels were significantly higher in the diabetic peripheral neuropathy group than the control group.Expression of MerTK in the sciatic nerve tissue was significantly upregulated in the diabetic peripheral neuropathy group compared with the control group(P<0.05).To conclude,elevated levels of MerTK in plasma and sciatic nerve tissue of rats with diabetic peripheral neuropathy are presumably related to its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.

Avian coccidiosis, an acute parasitic disease that mainly harms chicks, is widely prevalent across the world, which poses a serious threat to poultry industry. Because of the single prophylactic formulations, veterinary clinical treatment of coccidiosis mainly relies on chemically synthesized agents, polyether ionophores and Chinese herbal medicines. The introduction of novel anticoccidial drugs is slow for a long period of time, and there is an increasing problem of anticoccidial drug resistance following long-term use, which has become an urgent problem to be solved in poultry industry. This review summarizes the levels of anticoccidial drug resistance across China from 2018 to 2023, and analyzes the resistance to various anticoccidial agents in coccidia. It is indicated that the overall prevalence of anticoccidial drug resistance is high in coccidia, and development of novel anticoccidial agents and products with reduced antibiotics use and alternatives of antibiotics is of an urgent need.

ObjectiveTo develop traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） formulae for the treatment of nonsevere coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） and to explore its anti-inflammatory mechanism. MethodsThe dysregulated signaling pathways were determined in macrophages from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of COVID-19 patients and in lung epithelial cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 in vitro based on transcriptome analysis. A total of 102 TCM formulae for the clinical treatment of nonsevere COVID-19 were collected through literature. The pathway-reversing rates of these formulae in macrophages and lung epithelial cells were evaluated based on signature signaling pathways， and the basic formula was determined in conjunction with TCM theory. The commonly used Chinese materia medica for nonsevere COVID-19 were summarized from the 102 TCM formulae as abovementioned. And together with the screening results from the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China， a “Chinese materia medica pool” was esta-blished for the development of TCM formulae for COVID-19. The regulatory effects of each herb on signaling pathways were obtained based on targeted transcriptome analysis. Oriented at reversing dysregulated signaling pathways of COVID-19， the calculation was carried out， and the artificial intelligent methods for compositing formulae， that are exhaustive method and parallel computing， were used to obtain candidate compound formulas. Finally， with reference to professional experience， an innovative formula for the treatment of nonsevere COVID-19 was developed. The ethanol extract of the formula was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory effects by detecting the mRNA expression of interleukin 1b （Il1b）， C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 （Cxcl2）， C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 （Cxcl10）， C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 （Ccl2）， nitric oxide synthase 2 （Nos2）， and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 （Ptgs2） using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction （RT-qPCR） in RAW264.7 cells treated with lipopolysaccharide （LPS）. ResultsIn macrophages and lung epithelial cells， 34 dysregulated signaling pathways associated with COVID-19 were identified respectively. The effects of the 102 formulae for clinical treatment of nonsevere COVID-19 were evaluated based on the dysregulated signaling pathways and targeted transcriptome， and the result showed that Yinqiao Powder and Pingwei Powder （银翘散合平胃散， YQPWP） ranked first， reversing 91.18% of the dysregulated signaling pathways in macrophages and 100% of the dysregulated signaling pathways in lung epithelial cells. Additionally， YQPWP had the function of scattering wind and clearing heat， resolving toxins and removing dampness in accordance with the pathogenesis of wind-heat with dampness in COVID-19. It was selected as the basic formula， and was further modified and optimized to develop an innovative fomula Qiaobang Zhupi Yin （翘蒡术皮饮， QBZPY） based on expert experience and artificial intelligence in composing formulae. QBZPY can reverse all the dysregulated signaling pathways associated with COVID-19 in macrophages and lung epithelial cells， with the reversing rates of 100%. The chief medicinal of QBZPY， including Lianqiao （Fructus Forsythiae）， Xixiancao （Herba Siegesbeckiae） and Niubangzi （Fructus Arctii）， can down-regulate multiple signaling pathways related with virus infection， immune response， and epithelial damage. RT-qPCR results indicated that compared with the model group， the QBZPY group down-regulated the mRNA expression of Il1b， tumor necrosis factor （Tnf）， Cxcl2， Cxcl10， Ccl2， Nos2 and Ptgs2 induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. ConclusionBased on targeted transcriptome analysis， expert experience in TCM and artificial intelligence， QBZPY has been developed for the treatment of nonsevere COVID-19. The ethanol extract of QBZPY has been found to inhibit mRNA expression of several pro-inflammatory genes in a cellular inflammation model.

Objective To explore association between childhood trauma,resilience and non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents.Methods One hundred and fifty-eight first-episode adolescent patients with mood disorders were selected and divided into NSSI group(n=94)and non-NSSI group(n=64)based on presence or absence of NSSI.The Hamilton depression scale(HAMD),Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA),childhood trauma questionnaire(CTQ-SF)and Connor-Davidson resilience scale(CD-RISC)were used to evaluate the depression and anxiety symptoms,childhood trauma and resilience.Results There were more cases of younger age(16.17±1.67 vs.16.73±1.37),lower education level(30.9% vs.15.6% ),left behind experience(48.9% vs.29.7% ),school bullying(46.8% vs.25.0% ),suicide ideation(85.1% vs.37.5% )and history of attempted suicide(29.8% vs.6.3% )in the group with NSSI compared to those without NSSI.The HAMD score(27.99±5.94 vs.24.19±5.19),HAMA score(18.02±5.94 vs.15.45±4.99),CTQ total score(48.43±15.40 vs.41.97±9.75),emotional abuse score(12.77±6.06 vs.10.19±4.06),and emotional neglect score(11.40±5.34 vs.9.14±3.55)were higher in the group with NSSI,and the differences between the two groups were significant(P<0.05).The total scores of psychological resilience(39.83±10.27 vs.28.66±12.75),resilience(19.59±4.92 vs.12.28±6.47),strength(12.03±3.98 vs.9.99±4.67),and optimism(8.98±2.97 vs.6.47±3.73)in the group without NSSI were higher than those in the group with NSSI(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that left behind experience(OR=4.494,95% CI:1.192-16.940),school bullying(OR=5.983,95% CI:1.329-26.945),suicidal ideation(OR=13.225,95% CI:2.908-60.146),history of attempted suicide(OR=16.769,95% CI:1.845-152.379),HAMD(OR=1.264,95% CI:1.046-1.626),emotional abuse(OR=1.327,95% CI:1.093-1.612),and resilience(OR=0.468,95% CI:0.266-0.823)were significantly associated with adolescent mood disorders with NSSI(P<0.05).Conclusion Left behind experience,campus bullying,suicidal ideation and attempted suicide,emotional abuse,degree of depression,and psychological resilience may be associated with NSSI behavior in adolescents with mood disorders.

Objective To explore the regulatory effect of Mertk expression level on NF-κb pathway in rat Schwann cells and its possible mechanism.Methods Rat Schwann cells were cultured in vitro,and the expression of Mertk in Schwann cells exposed to high glucose was detected by Western blot.Co-immunoprecipitation was used to detect the interaction between endogenous Mertk and Ikbkb.Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of Ikbkb,P65 and tumor necrosis factor-α in Schwann cells after Mertk silencing.The protein expressions of Mertk,Ikbkb and P65 after silencing Mertk were detected by immunofluorescence.Results Mertk was expressed in Schwann cells,and the expression level increased with the increase of glucose concentration.Co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that Mertk interacted with Ikbkb in rat Schwann cells.Compared with the control group,the expression level of Mertk was significantly decreased(P<0.05),while Ikbkb,P65 and TNF-α were significantly increased(P<0.05)after knock down expression of Mertk in Schwann cells.Immunofluorescence experiments showed that the fluorescence of Mertk was decreased,and the fluorescence of Ikbkb and P65 was increased in the silenced Schwann cells.Conclusion After the expression of Mertk is decreased,it can mediate the regulation of NF-κb pathway in Schwann cells through interaction with Ikbkb,and up-regulate the expression of P65 and inflammatory factor TNF-α.

The potential medicinal value of Ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus), one of the most popular and economically important bamboo species in China, has been underestimated. In the present study, we found that D. latiflorus leaf extract (DLE) reduced fasting blood glucose levels, body weight, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with low liver toxicity in db/db mice. In addition, gene expression profiling was performed and pathway enrichment analysis showed that DLE affected metabolic pathways. Importantly, DLE activated the AKT signaling pathway and reduced glucose production by downregulating glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) expression. Moreover, network pharmacology analysis identified rutin as an active component in DLE through targeting insulin growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), an upstream signaling transducer of AKT. Due to its hypoglycemic effects and low toxicity, DLE may be considered an adjuvant treatment option for type 2 diabetes patients.

Objective:To investigate the effect of salvianolic acid on depressive behavior in depression model rats induced by chronic mild stress (CMS) and its mechanism.Methods:Fifty healthy male clean grade Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were divided into five groups according to a random number table with 10 in each group: control group (nCMS+ Nal group), CMS+ normal saline group (CMS+ Nal group), CMS+ fluoxetine group (CMS+ Flu group), CMS+ salvia acid group (CMS+ Sal group), CMS+ fluoxetine+ Salvia acid group (CMS+ Flu+ Sal group). Except the control group, the rats in the other four groups were all received CMS modeling for 21 days. Twenty-one days after CMS modeling, rats were intraperitoneally injected with 0.9% normal saline (10 mg·kg -1·d -1), fluoxetine (20 mg·kg -1·d -1), salvia acid(40 mg·kg -1·d -1), fluoxetine(20 mg·kg -1·d -1)+ salvia acid(40 mg·kg -1·d -1)for 21 days. During the administration period, rats in the other four groups continued to receive CMS intervention for 21 days. Forced swimming test and sucrose preference test were conducted at baseline (day 0), after modeling (day 21) and after intervention (day 42) so as to evaluate depression like behavior. Then the rats were sacrificed and the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were taken. The mRNA levels of Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) were detected by RT-qPCR. The cytokines including interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-2(IL-2), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by Luminex technique.SPSS 21.0 was used for statistical analysis.Repeated measurement ANOVA was used for behavioral data analysis, one-way ANOVA was used for molecular index data analysis, and Spearman was used for correlation analysis. Results:The results of repeated measurement ANOVA showed that the interaction effects between group and time of body mass, sucrose preference, forced swimming immobility time were significant at baseline, after modeling and after intervention ( F=18.238, 6.921, 7.591, all P<0.05). After modeling, compared with nCMS+ Nal group, the rats in CMS+ Flu group, CMS+ Sal group, CMS+ Flu+ Sal group and CMS+ Nal group had lower body weight, lower sucrose preference rate and longer forced swimming immobility time (all P<0.05). After intervention, compared with CMS+ Nal group(body weight (350.15±41.65)g, sucrose preference(52.95±11.13)%, static time(91.40±15.22)s), the body weight((378.21±30.78)g, (385.12±43.19)g, (391.41±31.21)g, (402.33±18.67)g, all P<0.05) and sucrose preference((69.30±15.56)%, (68.12±10.99)%, (71.18±9.51)%, (75.47±11.55)%, all P<0.05) of CMS+ Flu group, CMS+ Sal group, CMS+ Flu+ Sal group and nCMS+ Nal group were all increased, while the forced swimming immobility time ((68.81±21.74)s, (66.10±25.51)s, (63.53±22.32)s, (71.21±21.41)s, all P<0.05) were shorter (all P<0.05). After intervention, among the body weight, sucrose preference and the immobility time of CMS+ Flu group、CMS+ Sal group and CMS+ Flu+ Sal group, there were no differences between each two groups(all P>0.05). After intervention, the levels of TLR4 mRNA and MyD88 mRNA in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of CMS+ Flu group, CMS+ Sal group, CMS+ Flu+ Sal group and nCMS+ Nal group were all lower than those in CMS+ Nal group (all P<0.05). In prefrontal cortex, the levels of TLR4 mRNA (0.715±0.358) and MyD88 mRNA (0.739±0.233) in CMS+ Flu+ Sal group were lower than those in CMS+ Sal group (1.943±0.606, 1.815±0.897) (both P<0.05). The level of TLR4 mRNA in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of rats were positively correlated with the level of MyD88 mRNA and TNF-α level and forced swimming immobility time and negatively correlated with sucrose preference rate (prefrontal cortex r=0.915, 0.041, 0.027, -0.178, all P<0.05; hippocampus r=0.810, 0.070, 0.011, -0.153, all P<0.05). Conclusion:The antidepressant effect of salvianolic acid is presumedly achieved by inhibiting the immunoinflammatory response mediated by the TLR4/Myd88 signaling pathway in CMS rats.

Objective: To preliminarily analyze the prediction efficiency of multimodal MRI-based radiomics model for preoperative glioma IDH1 gene expression type. Methods: The MRI data of 108 surgery-proven glioma patients from May 2015 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, and the MRI data included axial T₁WI,T₂WI,fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR),DWI imaging and enhanced T₁WI sequence.Forty-seven cases were IDH1 mutant type, and 61 cases were IDH1 wild type. All patients were divided into training and validation groups according to the 7∶3 ratio of the random forest model. Seventy-three cases were in training group, and 35 cases were in validation group. Independent predictors of IDH1 mutation were screened by univariate analysis combined with multivariate logistic regression analysis (P<0.05) in order to construct a random forest diagnosis model of general clinical information and conventional MRI morphological features.General clinical information and conventional MRI morphological features included gender, age, umbers of cases of left and right hemispheres, location of tumors, maximum diameter of tumors, peritumoral edema, intratumoral cystic degeneration, enhancement and ADC value of tumors. The ROI was manually outlined by MaZda software in the most obvious level of 5 sequences of tumor mass and the radiomics features were extracted, including the gray-level co-occurrence matrix(GLCM), the run-length matrix(RUN), the absolute gradient(GRA),the auto-regressive model(ARM) and wavelets transform(WAV). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)regression were used to select image radiomics features with a method of 10 fold cross -validation and to reduce the dimensions. The screened image radiomics labels were combined with the conventional morphological feature independent predictors to construct a multimodal MRI-based random forest model, and the validation data set was used to evaluate the accuracy and diagnostic efficiency of each model. The sensitivity and specificity of conventional MRI morphological feature model and multimodal MRI-based radiomics prediction model were evaluated dynamically by drawing ROC curves, and the prediction efficiency of the two models was quantified by using AUC statistical indicators. The model classification error rate under different outcomes and the classification error rate of out of bag(OOB)were used to evaluate the stability of the multimodal MRI-based random forest model. The contribution rate of each variable to the model was reflected by the characteristic variables importance assessment map. Results: Univariate regression analysis of the conventional MRI morphological characteristics showed that peritumoral edema, cystic degeneration and enhancement were the three independent predictors of IDH1 gene expression (P<0.01). LASSO algorithm and 10-fold cross-validation identified six robust radiomic features including high frequency coefficients of wavelet transform (WavEnHH_s-4) of T₂WI, S(4,4) inverse difference of gray uniformity measurement (InvDfMom),S(5,0) Entropy (entropy),WavEnHH_s-4 of T₁WI enhancement, S(1,1) InvDfMom,S(1, -1) Entropy Difference (DifEntrp)of Flair.The error rate of classification for different outcomes and classification error rate of random forest OOB data of multimodal MRI radiomics diagnosis model finally stabilized at 10%. The results of Characteristic Variable Importance Assessment Map: Mean Decrease Accuracy and Mean Decrease Gini index were consistent, which showed that besides three conventional MRI morphological predictors peritumoral edema, enhancement and cystic degeneration, the radiomics labels also played a key role in the model. The results of ROC curve showed that the accuracy, specificity, sensitivity and AUC of conventional MRI morphological feature model were 82.7%, 68.4%, 90.9% and 0.835, respectively, and those of multimodal MRI-based radiomics model were 88.5%, 89.5%, 87.8% and 0.956 respectively. Conclusion Multimodal MRI-based radiomics random forest model can improve the predictive efficiency of preoperative glioma IDH1 gene expression type more quantitatively.

Objective To preliminarily analyze the prediction efficiency of multimodal MRI?based radiomics model for preoperative glioma IDH1 gene expression type. Methods The MRI data of 108 surgery?proven glioma patients from May 2015 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, and the MRI data included axial T1WI,T2WI,fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR),DWI imaging and enhanced T1WI sequence.Forty-seven cases were IDH1 mutant type, and 61 cases were IDH1 wild type. All patients were divided into training and validation groups according to the 7∶3 ratio of the random forest model. Seventy-three cases were in training group, and 35 cases were in validation group. Independent predictors of IDH1 mutation were screened by univariate analysis combined with multivariate logistic regression analysis (P<0.05) in order to construct a random forest diagnosis model of general clinical information and conventional MRI morphological features.General clinical information and conventional MRI morphological features included gender, age, umbers of cases of left and right hemispheres, location of tumors, maximum diameter of tumors, peritumoral edema, intratumoral cystic degeneration, enhancement and ADC value of tumors. The ROI was manually outlined by MaZda software in the most obvious level of 5 sequences of tumor mass and the radiomics features were extracted, including the gray?level co?occurrence matrix(GLCM), the run?length matrix(RUN), the absolute gradient(GRA),the auto?regressive model(ARM) and wavelets transform (WAV). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)regression were used to select image radiomics features with a method of 10 fold cross?validation and to reduce the dimensions. The screened image radiomics labels were combined with the conventional morphological feature independent predictors to construct a multimodal MRI?based random forest model, and the validation data set was used to evaluate the accuracy and diagnostic efficiency of each model. The sensitivity and specificity of conventional MRI morphological feature model and multimodal MRI?based radiomics prediction model were evaluated dynamically by drawing ROC curves, and the prediction efficiency of the two models was quantified by using AUC statistical indicators. The model classification error rate under different outcomes and the classification error rate of out of bag(OOB)were used to evaluate the stability of the multimodal MRI?based random forest model. The contribution rate of each variable to the model was reflected by the characteristic variables importance assessment map. Results Univariate regression analysis of the conventional MRI morphological characteristics showed that peritumoral edema, cystic degeneration and enhancement were the three independent predictors of IDH1 gene expression (P<0.01). LASSO algorithm and 10?fold cross?validation identified six robust radiomic features including high frequency coefficients of wavelet transform (WavEnHH_s?4) of T2WI, S(4, 4) inverse difference of gray uniformity measurement (InvDfMom), S(5, 0) Entropy (entropy), WavEnHH_s?4 of T1WI enhancement, S(1, 1) InvDfMom, S(1, -1) Entropy Difference (DifEntrp)of Flair.The error rate of classification for different outcomes and classification error rate of random forest OOB data of multimodal MRI radiomics diagnosis model finally stabilized at 10%. The results of Characteristic Variable Importance Assessment Map: Mean Decrease Accuracy and Mean Decrease Gini index were consistent, which showed that besides three conventional MRI morphological predictors peritumoral edema, enhancement and cystic degeneration, the radiomics labels also played a key role in the model. The results of ROC curve showed that the accuracy, specificity,sensitivity and AUC of conventional MRI morphological feature model were 82.7%, 68.4%, 90.9% and 0.835, respectively, and those of multimodal MRI?based radiomics model were 88.5%, 89.5%, 87.8% and 0.956 respectively. Conclusion Multimodal MRI?based radiomics random forest model can improve the predictive efficiency of preoperative glioma IDH1 gene expression type more quantitatively.

Objective To investigate the effect of prenatal stress (PS) at different pregnant time on emotion and cognition of adult offspring rats.Methods Twelve healthy female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group(CON,n=4),the early pregnancy group(PS1,the 1～ 7 days of pregnancy,n=4) and the late pregnancy group(PS3,the 15 ～ 21 days of pregnancy,n=4).The pregnant rats were exposed to single-prolonged stress(SPS) on gestational day 7 or 15 respectively,except control group.The offspring were measured every weekend from 1-7 week after birth.At the eighth weekend,the sucrose intake (anhedonia) and Morris water maze (MWM) were performed to assess depression-like behavior and spatial learning and memory.Results The body weight of the first to seventh weeks after birth showed that there was a statistically significant difference among the three groups (F=28.207,P＜0.01),and there was a significant difference in time effect (F=1 041.546,P＜0.01).The body weight of two PS groups was significantly lower than those of control group(P＜0.05).The body weight of PS3 was lower than that of PS1 significantly(P＜0.05).Sucrose preference:PS3((27.70± 19.31) ％) were reductive on sucrose consumption than CON significantly((66.93±19.67) ％)(P＜0.05)while PS1 ((89.80±6.79) ％) increased in sucrose consumption compared with the CON significantly(P＜0.05).MWM:in training stage the difference of average avoid latency was existed in the three groups of the first 5 days(F=11.121,P＜0.01).Similarly,there was a significant difference in measure time(F=91.327,P＜0.01),the escape latency of the PS3 was decreased,while PS1 was significantly increased compared with CON;in testing stage,PS3 ((54.50±4.64) s,(53.21±4.45)) showed a significant increase in the duration in target site and numbers of times across the target site compared with CON((32.24±.4.17) s,(31.68±4.00)) (P＜0.05).Conclusion The acceptance of stress in the late pregnancy may lead to depression like behavior in the adult offspring and also enhance the learning and memory ability.And acceptance of stress in early pregnancy can cause impairment of learning and memory ability in adult offspring rats.