Cardiovascular disease is a health hazard to humans and systolic heart failure due to myocardial infarction is a major cause of death.It was previously thought that myocardial cells of the adult mammalian heart possess a limited ability to proliferate and self-renew.However,it has been widely reported that mammals have the ability to regenerate the myocardium,which is restricted to early postnatal life,and that it is strong enough to repair damaged heart tissue.The discovery of myocardial regeneration in neonatal hearts has provided an ideal animal model to investigate the mechanisms that affect myocardial regeneration,and many mechanisms that reverse myocardial cell cycle arrest and promote myocardial regeneration have been revealed.In this article,we review the factors affecting gene expression for myocardial regeneration(e.g.,ncRNAs and transcription factors),myocardial regeneration-related signaling pathways,and the regulation of myocardial regeneration by non-myocardial cells(e.g.,extracellular matrix,immune response,and epicardium)to provide directions for achieving myocardial regeneration after myocardial injury in adult mammals.

Objective:To evaluate the cerebral infarct volume and the nerve fiber connectivity between cortical and neurogenesis-related regions in the mouse model of reperfusion after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) by 11.7 Tesla(11.7 T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods:MCAO models were established in SPF grade adult male C57BL/6 mice using the suture-occluded method.MRI scans were performed at 3 days before and 1 day after modeling.Infarct volumes were calculated, and nerve fiber tracking was performed on specific brain regions to analyze the nerve fiber number and the parameters of fractional anisotropy(FA), mean diffusivity(MD), axial diffusivity (AD)and radial diffusivity(RD). SPSS 26.0 was used for statistical analysis, and paired t test was used to compare the data before and after modeling. Results:(1) After MCAO-induced ischemia, the infarct volume was up to (35.11±17.57)mm 3, and the FA value of the infarct area was significantly reduced compared with that of before modeling( t=4.73, P<0.01). (2) At the anterior-posterior(AP): + 1.2 mm section, the results of fiber tracking showed that compared with before modeling, the number of fiber bundles originating from the dorsal horn of the lateral sub-ventricle zone(SVZ)to the cortex reduced ((92 584.20±14 751.00) vs (59 815.60±6 752.46), t=4.87, P<0.01), and the number of fiber bundles projected to the infarcted area reduced ((107 671.40±10 497.57) vs (61 658.60±10 178.21), t=6.43, P<0.01). FA, AD, MD, and RD values were all decreased in different degrees( t=3.38-6.43, all P<0.05). (3) At the AP: -3.8 mm section, the number of fiber bundles originating from the dorsal horn of the SVZ to the cortex decreased (after modeling(96 944.00±18 331.09), before modeling(58 767.80±16 445.25), t=2.99, P<0.05), and the values of FA, AD, MD and RD decreased after ischemia ( t=7.30, 5.05, 6.74, 4.13, all P<0.05). Conclusion:The ultra-high field strength of 11.7 T MRI can accurately detect the following results that the number of nerve fiber bundles from the SVZ to the cortex or infarct area are both significantly reduced, and diffusion tensor parameters are consistently changed in mice after 1 day of ischemia-reperfusion.

Frontal fibrosing alopecia is a primary lymphocytic cicatricial alopecia, and is generally considered to be a subtype of lichen planopilaris due to similar histopathological changes. Its etiology is still unclear. With the deepening of research on this disease, more and more cases of frontal fibrosing alopecia have been reported in China and other countries. This review summarizes research progress in pathogenesis, clinical and pathological characteristics, and treatment of frontal fibrosing alopecia.

A case of cicatricial female pattern hair loss was reported. A 36-year-old female patient presented with gradually aggravated hair loss for more than 10 years. Skin examination showed diffuse hair thinning on the scalp, thin and soft hairs, and some pencil eraser-sized areas of focal atrichia. TrichoScan examination revealed markedly decreased hair density on the forehead, variability in hair diameter greater than 20%, and increased proportions of vellus hairs. Dermoscopic examination showed increased numbers of vellus hairs, plenty of focal atrichia areas measuring 3 - 5 mm in diameter, loss of some follicular ostia, and confluent white dots. Histopathological examination of vertical and transverse scalp sections showed predominantly distributed miniaturized hair follicles with lichenoid folliculitis around the infundibulum and isthmus, concentrically layered perifollicular fibrosis, a marked decrease in the number of hair follicles compared with healthy people of the same age, increased proportions of vellus hairs, a large number of miniaturized hair follicles and follicular streamers, and formation of follicular micro-scars. The patient was diagnosed with cicatricial female pattern hair loss. She received topical treatment with 5% minoxidil liniment once a day, and alternate treatment with topical tacrolimus ointment and clobetasol propionate ointment, as well as oral spironolactone at a dose of 20 mg twice a day and compound glycyrrhizin capsules at a dose of 50 mg thrice a day. After half a year of treatment, there was no marked aggravation of hair loss, and the follow-up continued.

Objective:To investigate the effects of hyperuricemia on the prognosis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) using propensity score matching (PSM) method.Methods:IgAN patients proven by biopsy were included. PSM was used to match patients. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, and Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the effects of hyperuricemia on IgAN prognosis. Primary outcome events were defined as death, or end-stage renal disease (dialysis, transplantation), or a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) greater than 40%. Renal outcome was defined as end-stage renal disease (dialysis, transplantation), or a decrease in eGFR greater than 40%.Results:A total of 1 454 IgAN patients were included in this study, including 850 females and 604 males. Uric acid level was (368.26±92.87) μmol/L in the males, and (277.23±92.71) μmol/L in the females. The median follow-up time was 85.00(56.10, 106.33) months. During the follow-up period, a total of 134 patients reached the primary outcome events, including 5 deaths, 24 dialysis patients, 5 kidney transplant patients, and 100 patients with eGFR decreased by more than 40%. After 1∶1 matching, 131 males and 159 females in the hyperuricemia group were successfully matched with 131 males and 159 females in the normal uric acid group, and there was no significant statistical difference in each parameter in baseline between the hyperuricemia group and normal uric acid group after matching. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that either before or after matching, the incidence of primary outcome events in male or female patients with hyperuricemia was higher than those with normal uric acid, but there was no statistically significant difference in incidence of primary outcome events between female hyperuricemia group and female normal uric acid group after matching (Log-rank test, χ2=3.586, P=0.058). Cox proportional hazard regression model showed that, in the pre-match fully adjusted model, the hazard ratio ( HR) of entering primary outcome events was 2.29-fold (95% CI 1.27-4.11, P=0.006) for men with hyperuricemia and 1.85-fold (95% CI 1.01-3.37, P=0.045) for women with hyperuricemia compared with those with normal uric acid. In the post-match fully adjusted model, the HR of entering primary outcome events was 2.41-fold (95% CI 1.18-4.93, P=0.016) for men with hyperuricemia and 1.83-fold (95% CI 0.91-3.67, P=0.091) for women with hyperuricemia compared with those with normal uric acid. In the pre-match fully adjusted model, the HR of entering renal outcome events was 2.68-fold (95% CI 1.47-4.88, P=0.001) for men with hyperuricemia and 1.81-fold (95% CI 0.99-3.33, P=0.056) for women with hyperuricemia compared with those with normal uric acid. In the post-match fully adjusted model, the HR of entering renal outcome events was 2.89-fold (95% CI 1.36-6.15, P=0.006) for men with hyperuricemia and 1.81-fold (95% CI 0.88-3.72, P=0.106) for women with hyperuricemia compared with those with normal uric acid. Conclusion:Hyperuricemia may be associated with IgAN progression, and it has a more significant effect on male IgAN patients.

Objective: To compare diagnostic performance of traditional vertical section technique, horizontal section technique and modified Ho-Vert technique for classical lichen planopilaris. Methods: Clinical data were collected from patients with classical lichen planopilaris in Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Wuxi People′s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 1st 2015 to January 1st 2019. With the help of dermoscopy, 2 scalp specimens were obtained from each patient and sliced horizontally and vertically respectively by using modified Ho-Vert technique. The horizontal and vertical sections were read separately or simultaneously, and histopathological changes were observed. Results: Totally, 21 patients with classical lichen planopilaris were enrolled into this study, including 15 males and 6 females. Their age was 50.0 ± 13.6 years, and the average course of disease was 18 months. The patients mainly presented with multifocal or confluent patchy hair loss, and scalp atrophy, perifollicular hyperkeratosis, loss of follicular ostia, fibrous white dots and orbit sign were observed. On the horizontal sections, lichenoid lymphocytic infiltration around the infundibulum and isthmus of hair follicles and follicular micro-scars could be observed in all patients, and the dermo-epidermal interface could be seen in 7 patients. On the vertical sections, lichenoid lymphocytic infiltration around the infundibulum and isthmus of hair follicles only could be observed in 9 patients, follicular micro-scars could be seen in 4, and the dermo-epidermal interface could be observed in all patients. Moreover, the detection rates of interfollicular interface dermatitis, follicular keratotic plugs, lymphocytic infiltration around sebaceous glands, atrophy or disappearance of sebaceous glands and inflammatory infiltration around hair follicle bulbs were significantly different between the horizontal and vertical sections. In combination with clinical manifestations, 7 patients could be exactly diagnosed with lichen planopilaris according to findings from horizontal sections, and 9 could be diagnosed exactly according to findings from vertical sections, while 21 could be diagnosed exactly according to histopathological findings from both horizontal and vertical sections. Conclusion With the help of dermoscopy, modified Ho-Vert technique can improve the efficacy of pathological diagnosis of classical lichen planopilaris, by multidimensionally showing histopathological changes.

Objective: To analyze the frequency and composition of risk-related cytogenetic abnormalities (CAs) in patients with newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) . Methods: The frequency and composition of risk-related CAs from a cohort of 1 015 Chinese patients with NDMM were determined by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (iFISH) , individually or in combination. Results: Of the cohort of 1 015 Chinese patients with NDMM, the frequencies of IgH arrangement, del (13q) /13q14, 1q gain and del (17p) were 54.0%, 46.4%, 46.1% (35.8% and 12. 7% for 3 or more than 3 copies) and 9.9%, respectively. Among 454 patients who had the baseline information for all risk-related CAs [except t (14;20) , which was not covered by the FISH panels performed routinely at all five centers], the frequencies of t (4;14) , t (11;14) or t (14;20) were 14.1%, 11.2% and 4.8%, respectively; of them, 44.3% patients carried 2 or more CAs (28.0%, 13.4% and 2.9% for 2, 3 or ≥4 CAs) ; 83.3%, 95.0% or 68.6% patients with 1q gain, del (17p) or IgH rearrangement had 1 or more additional CA (s) , with del (13q) /13q14 as the most frequently accompanied CA; 57.7% patients carried at least 1 HRCA; the incidences of double-hit (DH) MM (DHMM) (=2 HRCAs) and triple-hit (TH) (THMM) (≥3 HRCAs) were 14.3% and 2.9%, respectively. Conclusions Our results provided an up-to-date profile of CAs in Chinese NDMM patients, which revealed that approximately 58% patients might carry at least 1 HRCA, and 17% could experience so-called DHMM or THMM who presumably had the worst outcome.

A case of fibrosing alopecia in a pattern distribution (FAPD) and its clinicopathological, dermoscopic and TrichoScan features were reported to improve the understanding of FAPD. A 23-year-old male patient presented with progressive hair loss on the forehead and top of the head for 10 years, local hair thinning and softening, and occasional scalp itching. Skin examination showed diffuse sparseness of hair from the forehead to the top of the head, frontal hairline recession, focal thinning and softening of hair, some follicular keratotic papules and perifollicular erythema on the alopecic area, with no obvious scales. TrichoScan examination revealed markedly decreased hair density and increased proportions of vellus hairs. Dermoscopy showed loss of some follicular ostia and confluent white dots. Histopathological examination of the scalp showed lichenoid lymphocytic infiltration around the infundibulum and isthmus of hair follicles, concentrically layered perifollicular fibrosis, hair follicle destruction, formation of follicular micro-scars, markedly increased variation in the diameter of residual follicles, and some vellus hairs. The patient was diagnosed with FAPD. FAPD is easily misdiagnosed as androgenetic alopecia, and early diagnosis and treatment are needed.

Objective To investigate the effect of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) stimulated by platelets in vitro on the metastasis of cancer cells.Methods The BM-MSCs were isolated and cultured in vitro and platelets from the peripheral blood of healthy persons were purified.The MSCs (control),platelets + MSCs,and platelets treated with culture media (CM) of SGC-7901 tumor cells + MSCs (T-platelets + MSCs) were cultured,respectively,and the MSCs and supernatants (MSCs-CM and SGC-7901-CM) were collected,respectively,after 24 hours.The expressions of markers of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF),such as α-SMA and Vimentin,were determined by Western-blotting.The immigration ability of BM-MSCs were analyzed by Transwell assay.The levels of P-selectin in platelets stimulated by MSCs-CM or SGC-7901-CM were detected with flow cytometry.The metastasis model of gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells was established in BALB/c nude mice by the injection of tail vein,and the tumor metastasis in vivo was observed.Results The expression levels of P-selectin in platelets stimulated by MSCs-CM ([21.37 ± 1.00] ％) or SGC-7901-CM ([31.4 ± 1.71] ％ were significantly higher than that in the control ([3.17 ± 0.40] ％,t =27.85 and 29.18,P ＜ 0.01).The expression levels of α-SMA and Vimentin in platelets + MSCs group (0.79 ± 0.08 and 0.88 ± 0.01) and T-platelets + MSCs group (0.90 ±0.06 and 0.96 ±0.04) were significantly higher than that in the control (0.64 ±0.02 and 0.75 ±0.05,t =2.96 and 6.45 forα-SMA,t =4.73 and 5.73 for Vimentin,P ＜0.01).The amounts of immigration cells in platelets + MSCs group (340.3 ±27.7) and T-platelets ± MSCs group (424.3 ± 17.6) were significantly higher than that in the control (220.7 ± 19.4,t =6.14 and 13.48,P ＜ 0.01).The in vivo experimental results showed that the metastatic foci in platelets ± MSCs group (4 ± 2) and T-platelets ± MSCs group (21 ± 4) were significantly higher than that in the control (0.33 ± 0.06,t =3.051 and 8.857,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Platelets promote the immigration and the enhanced tumor metastasis in vivo of BM-MSCs.

Objective: To evaluate clinical outcomes of autologous and allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) for aggressive peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). Methods: From June 2007 to June 2017, clinical data of PTCL patients who underwent PBSCT were assessed retrospectively. Results: Among 41 patients, 30 was male, 11 female, and median age was 38(13-57) years old. Seventeen patients with autologous PBSCT (auto-PBSCT) and 24 patients with allogeneic PBSCT (allo-PBSCT) were enrolled in this study. Eight patients (8/17, 47.1%) in auto-PBSCT group were ALK positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), 7 patients (7/24, 29.2%) with NK/T cell lymphoma and 9 patients (9/24, 37.5%) with PTCL-unspecified (PTCL-U) in allo-PBSCT group (P=0.035). There were 58.8% patients (10/17) in complete response (CR) status and 11.8% (2/17) in progression disease (PD) status before transplantation in auto-PBSCT group, and 8.3% (2/24) in CR status and 45.8% (11/24) in PD status before transplantation in allo-PBSCT group (P=0.026). The 2-years cumulative overall survival (OS) were (64.0±10.8)% and (53.5±9.7)% for auto-PBSCT and allo-PBSCT respectively (P=0.543). The 2-years cumulative disease-free survival (DFS) were (57.1±12.4)% and (53.5±10.6)% for auto-PBSCT and allo-PBSCT respectively (P=0.701). In patients with dead outcomes after PBSCT, 83.3% (5/6) of death cause was relapse in auto-PBSCT and 41.7% (5/12) of death cause was relapse in allo-PBSCT. Conclusion Both auto-PBSCT and allo-PBSCT were effective for PTCL. Allo-PBSCT maybe was better than auto-PBSCT for high-risk PTCL with poor prognosis.