ObjectiveTo assess the relapse rate， clinical efficacy， and safety of a traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） sequential syndrome differentiation protocol for frequently relapsing/steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome （FRNS/SDNS） in children. MethodsA total of 151 children with FRNS/SDNS treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine from December 2020 to June 2024 were randomized into an observation group （77 cases） and a control group （74 cases）. Both groups received Western medicine （prednisone tablets and tacrolimus capsules）. In addition， the observation group additionally underwent TCM sequential syndrome differentiation and the control group received 1/10 of the TCM dose. The 6-month intervention was followed by a 12-month follow-up， totaling 18 months of observation across seven time points （before treatment and after 1， 2， 4， 24， 52， 76 weeks of treatment）. The evaluation was carried out based on the following indicators. ① The relapse rates were mainly recorded after 24， 52， 76 weeks of treatment. ② The efficacy was evaluated based on the clinical remission rates after 1， 2， 4 weeks of treatment， the time to proteinuria clearance， the levels of 24-hour urine total protein （24-h UTP）， serum total protein （TP）， serum albumin （ALB）， cholesterol （CHO）， and triglycerides （TG） and the TCM symptom scores before treatment and after 24 weeks of treatment. ③ The treatment safety was evaluated based on blood routine and levels of liver enzymes， renal function indicators and blood glucose （Glu） before treatment and after 24 weeks of treatment. Results① Relapse rate： After 24 weeks of treatment， no significant difference in relapse rate was found between the two groups. The observation group showed lower relapse rates than the control group after 52 weeks of treatment ［24.2% （16/66） vs. 52.5% （31/59）， χ²=10.634， P<0.01］ and 76 weeks of treatment ［42.4% （28/66） vs. 74.6% （44/59）， χ²=13.186， P<0.01］ than the control group. ② Efficacy indicators： The two groups showed no significant difference in remission rate after 1 week of treatment. The observation group demonstrated higher remission rates after 2 weeks of treatment ［88.2% （67/76） vs. 74.0% （54/73）， Z=-1.999， P<0.05］ and 4 weeks of treatment ［94.7% （72/76） vs. 82.2% （60/73）， Z=-2.3589， P<0.05）. In addition， the observation group had shorter time to proteinuria clearance （P<0.01）. After treatment， both groups showed declined 24 h-UTP， CHO， TG， and TCM symptom scores and elevated TP and ALB levels （P<0.01）， and the observation group had lower CHO， TG， and TCM symptom scores and higher TP and ALB than the control group （P<0.05）. ③ Safety indicators： After treatment， both groups showed declined white blood cell count （WBC）， red blood cell count （RBC）， hemoglobin （HB）， and alanine aminotransferase （ALT） （P<0.05， P<0.01） and elevated Glu （P<0.01） and blood urea nitrogen （BUN） （P<0.05）. After 24 weeks of treatment， none of WBC， RBC， HB， PLT， ALT， AST， BUN， Cr or Glu had significant differences between groups. Moreover， the incidence of adverse reactions showed no significant difference between the two groups. ConclusionThe TCM sequential syndrome differentiation protocol effectively reduces the relapse rate， improves the remission rate， shortens the time to proteinuria clearance， raised serum protein levels， lowers blood lipid levels， and alleviates symptoms， demonstrating good clinical safety in children with FRNS/SDNS.

Sinusitis is a prevalent nasal disease in children, characterized by chronic and difficult-to-treat symptoms. Its onset is related to nasal stagnation, gallbladder and lung dysfunctions. This article explores the root cause based on Huangdi Neijing by considering the physiological and pathological characteristics of children. The core pathogenesis of pediatric sinusitis is the transmission of heat from the gallbladder and lung to the brain and nose, disrupting normal nasal function. Wind and heat pathogens often persist, accumulate, and transform into turbid qi, which are common triggers of the disease. Evil qi retention and yin depletion are internal factors that cause the prolonged and unhealed condition of the disease. This article emphasizes individualized treatment approaches based on disease duration and the severity of pathogenic factors. If external pathogens remain uncleared, treatment should focus on dispelling wind, clearing heat, dispersing with pungent medicinals, and dredging nasal orifices. If internal fire is exuberant, clearing lung qi, inhibiting hyperactive liver yang, and clearing exuberant fire should be used to relieve stagnation. In chronic cases with residual pathogens and liver-kidney yin deficiency, nourishing yin, clearing fire, and moistening the nasal orifices are essential. When exuberant heat has subsided, but the symptom of a persistent runny nose continues, leading to the loss of healthy qi and damage to the lung and spleen, treatments that tonify the spleen, benefit the lung, and reinforce healthy qi should be adopted to relieve stagnation. These treatments aim to restore the balance of the body′s vital qi by addressing both the lingering symptoms and the underlying weakness of the lung and spleen. The diagnosis and treatment of pediatric sinusitis based on the theory of "the transmission of heat from gallbladder and lung" can help reduce the recurrence of sinusitis and alleviate symptoms, with the aim of broadening the approach of traditional Chinese medicine in treating this condition.

Based on the viewpoint of "sweat pore-qi and liquid-kidney collaterals"， it is believed that children's nephrotic syndrome is caused by the core mechanism of sweat pore constraint and closure， qi and liquid imbalance， and kidney collaterals impairment， and it is proposed that the treatment principle is to nourish the sweat pore， regulate qi and fluid， and supplement the kidney and unblock the collaterals. In clinic， guided by sequential therapy and according to the different disease mechanism characteristics of the four stages， including early stage of the disease， hormone induction stage， hormone reduction stage， hormone maintenance stage， the staged dynamic identification and treatment was applied. For early stage of the disease with edema due to yang deficiency， modified Zhenwu Decoction （真武汤） was applied to warm yang and drain water； for hormone induction stage with yin deficiency resulting in effulgent fire， modified Zhibai Dihuang Pill （知柏地黄丸） plus Erzhi Pill （二至丸） was used to enrich yin and reduce fire； for hormone reduction stage with qi and yin deficiency， modified Shenqi Dihuang Decoction （参芪地黄汤） was used to boost qi and nourish yin； for hormone maintenance stage， modified Shenqi Pill （肾气丸） was used to supplement yin and yang. Meanwhile， the treatment also attaches importance to the combination of vine-based or worm medicinals to dredge collaterals， so as to providing ideas for clinical treatment.

Colorectal cancer(CRC)ranks in third place in terms of incidence but second in terms of mortality.Cancer vaccine,as a novel immunotherapy,presents tumor antigens to human immune system and further elicits anti-tumor immune response,leading to long-term immune memory.This review summarized representative research progress in both clinical and basic scenario of past five years,and prospected the future of CRC vaccine.

Glaucoma is one of the most common optic neuropathies, featuring progressive retinal ganglion cell damage and visual field loss (Tham et al., 2014; Xu et al., 2020). Currently, the only effective treatment for this condition is the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) (Palmberg, 2001; Heijl et al., 2002). Canaloplasty is a proven bleb-independent surgery with good efficacy and safety profiles in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) (Gołaszewska et al., 2021). However, early transient postoperative IOP elevation has been reported in up to 30% of cases (Riva et al., 2019), similar to that commonly observed in other internal drainage glaucoma surgeries such as implantation using iStent (0%-21.0%), CyPass (10.8%), and Hydrus (4.8%-6.5%) (Lavia et al., 2017). This complication may be a predictor of poor reserve in the outflow system and is potentially associated with surgical failure. Nonetheless, the exact pathophysiology of glaucoma remains unknown, and studies clarifying the risk factors for postoperative IOP elevation have been scarce.
Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/surgery* ; Incidence ; Treatment Outcome ; Risk Factors

Objective To explore the difference of balance ability between patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain ( CNLBP) and healthy individuals, and the correlation between patients’ pain symptoms, lumbar flexibility, abdominal muscle endurance, overall function, quality of life and fear of avoidance with balance ability, so as to guide clinical rehabilitation evaluation. Methods A total of 34 patients with CNLBP were selected as the experimental group, and 34 healthy volunteers without history of low back pain were selected as control group. The plantar pressure measurement system was used to collect the ratio of forefoot to hindfoot pressure, pathlength ( L) of plantar center of pressure ( COP), displacement length in anteroposterior direction ( LAP ), displacement length in mediolateral direction (LML ), mean velocity (v), displacement velocity in anteroposterior direction (vAP ), displacement velocity in mediolateral direction (V-ML) and elliptical swing area (S). In addition,the experimental group was assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS), the finger floor distance (FFD), the number of sit-ups in 1 minute, the Oswestry disability index (ODI), the 36-item short form survey (SF-36) and the fear avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ), and correlated with plantar pressure parameters. Results All plantar pressure parameters were significantly different between the two groups ( P < 0. 05). The the ratio of forefoot to hindfoot pressure in experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0. 05), and the parameters L, LAP , LML , v, vAP , vML and S were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0. 05). With eyes open or closed, the VAS score of experimental group was positively correlated with L, LAP , LML(P<0. 05), and FFD and FABQ scores were positively correlated with L and LML , respectively (P< 0. 05). With eyes open, ODI was positively correlated with L, LAP and LML (P< 0. 05), and SF-36 score was negatively correlated with L and LML(P<0. 05). With eyes closed, the number of 1-min sit-ups was negatively correlated with LAP and S (P<0. 05), ODI was positively correlated with L and LML(P<0. 05), and the SF-36 score was negatively correlated with L (P<0. 05). Conclusions The static balance ability of patients with CNLBP is decreased, and it is correlated with pain symptoms, lumbar function, quality of life and psychological status. The result can provide references for the assessment of functional activities.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features,therapeutic methods,therapeutic efficacy,and prognostic characteristics of older patients with acute myeloid leukemia(AML).Methods:We collected data from 134 older patients with AML treated at Peking University International Hospital between January 2015 and February 2023.White blood cell count,bone marrow primitive cell count,cytogen-etic and molecular characteristics,and European LeukemiaNet(ELN)risk stratification at initial diagnosis were retrospectively ana-lyzed.Patients were assigned into two groups according to treatment plan―high-intensity chemotherapy and low-dose treatment―to determine whether intensive chemotherapy would yield survival benefits during treatment and the factors affecting survival.Results:Among 36 patients treated with high-intensity chemotherapy,22(61.1%)achieved complete response(CR);among 90 treated with low-intensity therapy,46(51.1%)achieved CR;and among 19 treated with azacitidine(AZA)+ venecra(VEN),14(73.7%)achieved CR.Medi-an overall survival(OS)was 15 months for high-intensity chemotherapy and 14.5 months for low-intensity treatment(P=0.226).According to ELN risk stratification,patients in the low,medium,and high risk groups exhibited OS of 18,14,and 9 months,respectively(P=0.009).OS for high-intensity chemotherapy and low-dose therapy was 22 and 15 months in the low-risk group(P=0.745),9 and 15 months in the medium-risk group(P=0.783),and 9 and 8 months in the high-risk group(P=0.739),respectively.Patients in the intensive chemotherapy group(n=36)had an OS of 15 and 17 months(P=0.689)compared with AZA+VEN treatment(n=19).The prognosis of six patients with TP53 mutation was significantly worse than those without the mutation,and the median OS was 2 months and 14 months,respectively(P=0.004).One-and 3-year survival rates for the low-,medium-and high-risk groups were 79%,53%,and 44%,and 41%,20%,and 3%,respectively.Multivariate analysis revealed that high peripheral blood white blood cell count(P=0.034),ELN risk stratification(P=0.002),and complications(P=0.017)were correlated with OS,while treatment intensity,age,sex,and bone marrow primitive cell count were not significantly correlated with OS.Conclusions:High-intensity chemotherapy did not yield a significant survival benefit in older patients with AML;however,this result needs to be confirmed in patients at low risk.Patients with TP53 mutations had a poor prognosis.Multivariate analyses revealed that baseline mo-lecular characteristics,leukocyte count,and comorbidities were more important than treatment intensity in predicting survival among older patients with AML.

Objective:To measure the partial parameters of the soft tissues of upper eyelid in young women with single eyelid in Shantou City, Guangdong Province, and to explore the asymmetry rate of the left and right palpebral fissure and its regularity.Methods:From March 2018 to July 2019, the Medical Cosmetology Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College measured 108 young women with single eyelid, aged 18-35 years, with an average age of 24.6 years. Before operation, palpebral fissure width (PFW), palpebral fissure height (PFH), palpebral fissure inclination (PFI) and central eyebrow height (CEH) were measured. The resected intra-orbital septum fat pad during the procedure was weighed. Both direct measurement and the photo measurement were used to obtain the average value of the two sets of data for final analysis. We calculated out the incidence rate of asymmetry of each palpebral item.Results:The paired t-test showed that the mean value of PFW was (25.76±1.50) mm on the left and (26.04±1.55) mm on the right ( t=2.93); the mean value of PFH was (9.70±1.15) mm on the left and (9.49±1.05) mm on the right ( t=3.12); the mean value of PFI was (9.77±2.57)° on the left and (9.67±2.28)° on the right ( t=2.01); the mean value of CEH was (12.05±1.61) mm on the left and (12.32±1.69) mm on the right ( t=-2.66); the mean value of the weight of the intra-orbital septum fat pad was (0.20±0.11) g on the left and (0.22±0.12) g on the right ( t=2.29). There were significant differences between the two sets of data (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The asymmetric phenomenon of the upper eyelid is commonly found in Shantou young female undergraduates, in which the PFH in the left is higher than that in the left; the PFW, the CEH, the weight of the intra-orbital septum fat pad in the right more commonly found than that in the left.. This study provides a certain reference for the clinical evaluation of the operation.

Objective:To explore the application effect of medical waste management system based on B/S architecture in medical waste disposal.Methods:Select a third-class hospital in Yantai for continuous quality improvement of medical waste disposal, and verify the feasibility of the medical waste management system through key indicators such as medical waste related theoretical knowledge, medical waste disposal efficiency, and medical waste disposal management process standardization rate. Through monitoring indicators and result feedback evaluation, it is judged whether the medical waste management system has positive significance for the improvement of medical waste disposal.Results:Taking the adoption of medical waste management system as the node, a five-month comparison before and after was conducted to monitor key indicators such as medical waste disposal efficiency and standardized rate of medical waste disposal management processes. The daily error rate of medical waste classification was reduced from 6.00% to 1.33%, the daily confusion rate of working procedures was reduced from 6.67% to 0.67%, the time delay rate of medical waste disposal was reduced from 7.33% to 2.00%, and the standardized rate of medical waste disposal management processes was increased from 93.33% to 100%. All the data were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Since the operation of the medical waste management system, through the top-down management and control of the administrator and with its unique time retrieval function, the time delay problem of the previous manual management has been greatly improved. The classification management function of medical waste solves the criticism of unclear and chaotic classification of medical waste. The department retrospective function enables the division of responsibilities for medical waste work to be clear, and improves the work efficiency. The construction of medical waste management system based on B/S architecture provided a new information approach for the scientific management of medical waste and a reference for the scientific and effective management of clinical medical waste.

Objective:To explore the trend of psychiatry development by analyzing the funding of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) from 2011 to 2019, including key programs, general programs, young scientists funds, and talent programs, to provide a reference for the determination of research direction for researchers and the improvement of project management for research managers.Methods:The information on key programs, general programs, young scientists funds, and talent programs in psychiatry from 2011-2019 were retrieved from the NSFC management system and the NSFC result inquiry system of LetPub from 2011 to 2019 and analyzed for their research directions and contents.Results:Total of 947 programs in psychiatry were funded from 2011 to 2019, including 12 key programs, 396 general programs, 335 young scientists funds, and 35 talent programs. The approved programs showed a cyclical fluctuation trend from year to year. The numbers and funding of programs in psychiatry were significantly lower than those of other medical disciplines. The research content gradually changed from basic research to applied basic research. The approved programs were mainly concentrated in research institutions in Beijing and Shanghai. The requirements for program leaders and supporting institutions varied for different program types.Conclusions:NSFC promotes the overall development of research levels in psychiatry with an increasing demand for applied basic research and uneven development of research levels in different regions. Psychiatric talent training and discipline construction need to be strengthened urgently.