Humans ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Endoscopy ; Esophageal Neoplasms/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors ; Mass Screening

Objective:To investigate the rates of low disease activity and clinical remission in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)in a real-world setting,and to analyze the related factors of low disease activity and clinical remission.Methods:One thousand patients with SLE were enrolled from 11 teaching hospitals.Demographic,clinical and laboratory data,as well as treatment regimes were collec-ted by self-completed questionnaire.The rates of low disease activity and remission were calculated based on the lupus low disease activity state(LLDAS)and definitions of remission in SLE(DORIS).Charac-teristics of patients with LLDAS and DORIS were analyzed.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the related factors of LLDAS and DORIS remission.Results:20.7％of patients met the criteria of LLDAS,while 10.4％of patients achieved remission defined by DORIS.Patients who met LLDAS or DORIS remission had significantly higher proportion of patients with high income and longer disease duration,compared with non-remission group.Moreover,the rates of anemia,creatinine eleva-tion,increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR)and hypoalbuminemia was significantly lower in the LLDAS or DORIS group than in the non-remission group.Patients who received hydroxychloroquine for more than 12 months or immunosuppressant therapy for no less than 6 months earned higher rates of LLDAS and DORIS remission.The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that increased ESR,positive anti-dsDNA antibodies,low level of complement(C3 and C4),proteinuria,low household in-come were negatively related with LLDAS and DORIS remission.However,hydroxychloroquine usage for longer than 12 months were positively related with LLDAS and DORIS remission.Conclusion:LLDAS and DORIS remission of SLE patients remain to be improved.Treatment-to-target strategy and standar-dized application of hydroxychloroquine and immunosuppressants in SLE are recommended.

BACKGROUND:Red light therapy has the non-invasive and cost-effective characteristics,and is widely used in various acute and chronic pains in clinic.However,currently,the phototherapy equipment used in clinic is expensive and has certain site limitations,so it is necessary to explore more convenient and economical phototherapy applications. OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy of a self-developed photon cervical vertebra massage instrument for chronic neck pain. METHODS:From November 2022 to February 2023,24 patients with chronic neck pain were recruited from the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine,Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,including 18 females and 6 males,with a mean age of(29.67±6.40)years.The body mass index was(21.39±3.52)kg/m2.Photon cervical vertebra massage instrument was used twice a day for 20 minutes each time for four weeks.The changes in visual analog scale score,pressure pain threshold,neck active activity,neck disability index,and Pittsburgh sleep quality index were observed before,after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with before treatment,after four weeks of treatment,visual analog scale score,pressure pain threshold,neck disability index,and Pittsburgh sleep quality index were all improved(P<0.05),while some cervical motion(extension,left and right rotation)improved(P<0.05)after 4 weeks of treatment.(2)Bilateral visual analog scale scores,left trapezius muscle pressure pain threshold,C5C6 pressure pain threshold,and neck disability index improved after 2 weeks of treatment(P<0.05).(3)It is indicated that the application of photon cervical vertebra massage instrument can improve the pain score,muscle tenderness,sleep quality,functional level,and partial active activity of patients with chronic neck pain in a short period,and is a convenient,effective,and safe treatment method.

The most prevalent kind of renal calculi,calcium oxalate(CaOx),is characterized by its propensi-ty for recurrence in the urinary system.The development of CaOx renal calculi is greatly affected by macrophage polariza-tion.Particular oxalate causes an imbalance in macrophage polarization,which skews the M1/M2 ratio and makes it easier for CaOx crystals to accumulate in the kidneys and grow into calcium plaques in the renal papilla.Notably,M2 macro-phages can prevent CaOx renal calculi by consuming crystals and reducing inflammatory stress.As a result,immunothera-peutic techniques that alter M1 and M2 macrophage polarization are extremely promising for preventing CaOx renal calcu-li.To clarify the respective roles of M1 and M2 macrophages in the formation of CaOx crystals and provide insights for de-veloping immunotherapeutic interventions against CaOx renal calculi,this review summarizes the mechanisms underlying macrophage polarization in the genesis of CaOx renal calculi.

Objective:To evaluate the value of the ratio of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion to pulmonary artery systolic pressure (TAPSE/PASP) in evaluating right ventricular function of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).Methods:A total of 74 patients with HCM and HFpEF and 22 healthy individuals who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2021 to January 2023 were included in this study. The HCM patients with HFpEF were divided into three groups based on the tertiles of the TAPSE/PASP (low group: <0.280 0 mm/mmHg; middle group: 0.280 0-0.476 2 mm/mmHg; high group: >0.476 2 mm/mmHg). Conventional echocardiographic parameters were collected, and two-dimensional speckle tracking technology was used to obtain right ventricular strain parameters. The differences in parameters among the groups were compared, and the correlations between TAPSE/PASP and clinical parameters and right ventricular function parameters were analyzed.Results:The results of difference analysis showed that there were significant differences in 6-minute walking test, New York Heart Association grade (NYHA grade), incidence of atrial fibrillation, left atrial area (LAA), left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS), TAPSE, PASP, right ventricular fractional area change (RVFAC), right ventricular global longitudinal strain (RVGLS), right ventricular free wall strain (RVFWST) and cardiac magnetic resonance right ventricular ejection fraction (CMR-RVEF) among the three groups. The results of correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis showed that the TAPSE/PASP was positively correlated with 6-minute walking distance, RVFAC, tricuspid annulus peak systolic velocity (RV s′), and CMR-RVEF ( r=0.449, 0.284, 0.358, 0.577; all P<0.05). It was negatively correlated with N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), NYHA grade, LAA, mitral early diastolic peak velocity / mitral annulus early diastolic peak velocity (LV E/e′), LVGLS, RVGLS, RVFWST and tricuspid early diastolic peak velocity / tricuspid annulus early diastolic peak velocity (RV E/e′) (r/ rs=-0.336, -0.349, -0.468, -0.452, -0.444, -0.339, -0.405, -0.320; all P<0.05). The LAA and CMR-RVEF correlated independently with TAPSE/PASP(all P<0.05). Conclusions:The TAPSE/PASP can provide an early, simple, rapid, and convenient evaluation of right ventricular function in patients with HCM and HFpEF, so as to guide clinical treatment and monitoring disease progression.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Haishu District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province from 2011 to 2022, so as to provide the basis for the formulation of HFMD prevention and control strategies. Methods: Data of HFMD in Haishu District from 2011 to 2022 were collected from Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and the epidemiological and etiological characteristics were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method. The trends in incidence of HFMD and prevalence of positive etiological tests were analyzed using annual percent change (APC). Results: A total of 33 334 cases of HFMD were reported in Haishu District from 2011 to 2022, with an average annual reported incidence of 279.16/105, showing no significant trend (APC=-5.492%, P>0.05). The average annual reported incidence of HFMD was lower after the enterovirus 71 vaccine was launched (from 2017 to 2022) than before (from 2011 to 2016; 219.69/105 vs. 343.70/105, P<0.05). The incidence of HFMD showed seasonal characteristics, with a peak from May to July. There were 19 720 male and 13 614 female cases, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.45∶1. The age of the HFMD cases ranged from 27 days to 63 years old, and the children aged 5 years and below were predominant (30 657 cases, 91.97%). A total of 1 976 specimens of HFMD cases were collected from 2011 to 2022, and 1 509 enterovirus positive specimens were detected, with a positive rate of 76.37%. The positive rates of enterovirus 71 decreased (APC=-32.599%, P<0.05), the positive rates of coxsackievirus A16 increased (APC=9.226%, P<0.05), while the positive rates of other enteroviruses showed no significant change (APC=0.808%, P>0.05). Conclusions The average annual reported incidence of HFMD in Haishu District from 2011 to 2022 decreased after the enterovirus 71 vaccine was launched, with a peak in spring and summer. Children aged 5 years and below were the high-incidence population, and coxsackievirus A16 was the main serotype.

Objective:To reveal the effect of β-sitosterol on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) in rats and whether its mechanism is related to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS).Methods:Fifty-three CIRI rats (CIRI models established by modified Longa method) were randomly divided into model group ( n=14), β-sitosterol low-dose group ( n=13), β-sitosterol medium-dose group ( n=13) and β-sitosterol high-dose group ( n=13); 12 rats underwent the same operation without blocking the middle cerebral artery were selected as sham-operated group. Rats in the sham-operated group and model group were given intragastric administration of 1 mL 5 g/L sodium carboxymethyl cellulose daily. Rats in the β-sitosterol low-dose group, β-sitosterol medium-dose group and β-sitosterol high-dose group were given intragastric administration of 1 mL β-sitosterol at 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg/d (dissolved in 5 g/L sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), respectively, for 14 consecutive d. Neurological function was evaluated according to Zea Longa 5 method. Rats were sacrificed and brain tissues were collected. Volume of cerebral infarction was measured by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Brain injury and neuronal apoptosis were evaluated by HE staining, Nissl staining and TUNEL. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were detected by water-soluble tetrazolium 1 (WST-1) method, colorimetric method or thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE-1), activated transcription factor-6 (ATF-6), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and Caspase-12 in the brain tissues were detected by qRT-PCR or Western blotting. Results:Compared with the sham-operated group, the model group had significantly increased neurological function score, cerebral infarction volume and TUNEL positive rate, decreased SOD and GSH-Px content, increased MDA content, and increased mRNA and protein expressions of PERK, IRE-1, ATF-6, GRP78, CHOP and Caspase-12 ( P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the β-sitosterol low-dose group, β-sitosterol medium-dose group and β-sitosterol high-dose group had significantly decreased neurological function score, cerebral infarction volume, and TUNEL positive rate, increased SOD and GSH-Px content, and decreased MDA content ( P<0.05); the β-sitosterol low-dose group, β-sitosterol medium-dose group and β-sitosterol high-dose group had significantly decreased mRNA and protein PERK expressions (mRNA: 2.17±0.17, 1.79±0.07 and 1.33±0.07; protein: 5.11±0.52, 2.91±0.26 and 1.98±0.17), IRE-1 expressions (mRNA: 1.75±0.18, 1.65±0.08 and 1.32±0.08; protein: 5.00±0.31, 4.05±0.27 and 1.98±0.14), ATF-6 expressions (mRNA: 2.24±0.12, 1.77±0.14 and 1.37±0.13; protein: 4.93±0.45, 4.04±0.30 and 3.10±0.20), GRP78 expressions (mRNA: 2.67±0.16, 2.11±0.16 and 1.69±0.11; protein: 5.02±0.38, 2.97±0.26 and 2.05±0.22), CHOP expressions (mRNA: 2.01±0.16, 1.70±0.19 and 1.40±0.10; protein: 4.92±0.39, 4.02±0.27 and 3.08±0.22) and Caspase-12 expressions (mRNA: 1.85±0.09, 1.61±0.09 and 1.30±0.09; protein: 3.03±0.20, 2.19±0.11 and 1.82±0.11) compared with the model group (mRNA: 2.99±0.28, 2.27±0.12, 2.57±0.21, 3.46±0.20, 2.50±0.23 and 2.35±0.16; protein: 6.98±0.48, 6.03±0.58, 5.98±0.63, 7.10±0.45, 6.00±0.53 and 5.02±0.43, P<0.05). Conclusion:β-sitosterol attenuates CIRI in rats, whose mechanism may be related to inhibition of ERS signal pathway.

Grooming,as an evolutionarily conserved repetitive behavior,is common in various animals,including humans,and serves essential functions including,but not limited to,hygiene maintenance,thermoregulation,de-arousal,stress reduction,and social behaviors.In rodents,grooming involves a patterned and sequenced structure,known as the syntactic chain with four phases that comprise repeated stereotyped movements happening in a cephalocaudal progression style,beginning from the nose to the face,to the head,and finally ending with body licking.The context-dependent occurrence of grooming behavior indicates its adaptive significance.This review briefly summarizes the neural substrates responsible for rodent grooming behavior and explores its relevance in rodent models of neuropsychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases with aberrant grooming phenotypes.We further emphasize the utility of rodent grooming as a reliable measure of repetitive behavior in neuropsychiatric models,holding promise for translational psychiatry.Herein,we mainly focus on rodent self-grooming.Allogrooming(grooming being applied on one animal by its conspecifics via licking or carefully nibbling)and heterogrooming(a form of grooming behavior directing towards another animal,which occurs in other contexts,such as maternal,sexual,aggressive,or social behaviors)are not covered due to space constraints.

Objective To explore basement membrane markers and potential drugs for treatment in idiopathic pulmona-ry fibrosis(IPF).Methods IPF-related datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database,processed to construct basement membrane gene expression matrices associated with IPF,and screened for differential basement membrane genes(DEBMs);DEBMs were enriched for function and pathways,and machine learning algorithms were used to ob-tain candidate signature genes,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to identify signature genes and con-struct a nomogram.We performed ssGSEA analysis to explore the correlation between signature genes and immune cells and their functions and predicted the corresponding miRNAs and therapeutic drugs by signature genes.Results A total of 56 DEBMs were extracted;enrichment analysis showed that DEBMs were mainly enriched in"extracellular matrix tissue","extracellular structural tissue",etc.,and were closely related to"ECM-receptor interaction"and"local adhesion spot"pathways.The ma-chine learning has identified six candidate signature genes(TIMP3,P3H2,ITGA7,ITGA4,ADAMTS2,COL8A2),all of which meet the requirements of the signature genes by the ROC curve test,and the nomogram diagnostic value was outstanding(AUC=0.991 523);B cells and Macrophages in IPF were significantly different from the normal group.Finally,miRNAs were predicted to be dominated by miR-4305,miR-3684,progesterone,and tert-butyl hydroperoxide as therapeutic agents with strong relevance to IPF.Conclusion Signature genes and predictive miRNAs may serve as novel markers for IPF diagnosis,and pre-dictive drugs may be a potential source of drugs for treating IPF.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of Nlrp6 for regulating hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)progression in light of lipid synthesis regulation.Methods Nlrp6 expression level in HCC tissues of different pathological grades was investigated using RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database,and its correlation with the patients'survival was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.HepG2 cells with adenovirus-mediated Nlrp6 overexpression or knockdown were treated with palmitic acid(PA),and the changes in lipid deposition and cell proliferation were evaluated using Oil Red O staining,CCK-8 assay,EdU staining,and colony formation assay.RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to detect the changes in expression of lipid synthesis-related genes and the proteins in the AMPK-Srebp1c axis.In a mouse model of hepatic steatosis established in liver-specific Nlrp6 knockout mice by high-fat diet feeding for 24 weeks,liver fibrosis was examined with histological staining,and the changes in expressions of HCC markers and the AMPK-Srebp1c signaling pathway were detected.Results Nlrp6 expression was significantly reduced in HCC tissues with negative correlations with the pathological grades and the patients'survival(P<0.0001).In HepG2 cells,Nlrp6 overexpression significantly inhibited lipid deposition and cell proliferation,whereas Nlrp6 knockdown produced the opposite effects.Nlrp6 overexpression strongly suppressed the expression of lipid synthesis-related genes,promoted AMPK phosphorylation,and inhibited Srebp1c expression.The mice with liver-specific Nlrp6 knockout and high-fat feeding showed increased hepatic steatosis,collagen deposition,and AFP expression with reduced AMPK phosphorylation and increased Srebp1c expression.Conclusion Nlrp6 overexpression inhibits lipid synthesis in HCC cells by regulating the AMPK-Srebp1c axis,which might be a key pathway for suppressing HCC cell proliferation.