Objective To investigate the mechanism and protective effect of Humanin(HN)on rotenone(Rot)-induced toxic damage for dopamine neurons.Methods The Rot-poisened PC12 cell model was constructed,and the control group,the Rot poisening group,the HN pretreated Rot poisening group,and the HN treatment group were set up.ELISA was used to detect the content of HN inside and outside of Rot-infected cells,CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability,and ATP detection kit was used to detect the intracellular ATP content.Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)assay was used to detect the level of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in cells.Western blotting was performed to detect the expression level of mitochondrial autophagy regulatory proteins Pink1,Parkin,p62,LC3,mitochondrial biogenesis regulatory protein PGC1α,division/fusion regulatory proteins OPA1,MFN2,DRP1,p-DRP1 and antioxidant stress regulatory proteins Keap1 and Nrf2.HBAD-mcherry-EGFP-LC3 adenovirus transfected cells was used to observed the number of autophagosomes and autophagolysosomes.Results The results showed that the intracellular concentration of HN in PC12 in the Rot poisening group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05);Compared with the control group,the Rot poisening group had significantly decreased activity of PC12 cells,decreased ATP content and increased production of ROS.After the poisen of Rot in PC12 cells,the expression of Pink1 and p-Parkin,the ratio of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ and the expression of p-DRP1 in mitochondrial fusion protein was increased,while the expression of p62,the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis protein PGC1 α,mitochondrial fusion proteins MFN2 and OPA1,and antioxidant stress proteins Keap1 and Nrf2 were decreased(all P＜0.05).The number of autophagosomes and autophagolysosomes in PC12 cells in the Rot poisening group was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05),and HN pretreatment(20 μmol/L)could significantly improve the changes mentioned above caused by Rot poisening(P＜0.05).Conclusion HN ameliorates Rot-induced toxic damage for dopamine neurons by inhibiting mitophagy and mitochondrial division and promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and fusion,and anti-oxidative stress.

Objective:To evaluate the impact of self-crosslinked hyaluronic acid (SCH) gel on endometrium recovery after artificial abortion.Methods:A multicenter, prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted across 18 hospitals from December 2021 to February 2023, involving 382 women who underwent artificial abortion. Participants were randomly allocated to receive either treatment with SCH gel (SCH group) or no treatment (control group) in a 1∶1 ratio. The primary outcome was endometrium thickness in 14 to 18 days after the first postoperative menstruation. Secondary outcomes included changes in menstrual volume during the first postoperative menstruation, menstruation resumption within 6 postoperative weeks, time to menstruation resumption, duration of the first postoperative menstruation, and incidence of dysmenorrhea.Results:Baseline characteristics of participants were comparable between the two groups (all P>0.05), with 95.3% (182/191) in SCH group and 92.7% (177/191) in the control group completed the study. The postoperative endometrial thickness in SCH group was significantly greater than that in the control group [(9.78±3.15) vs (8.95±2.32) mm; P=0.005]. SCH group also had significantly fewer participants with reduced menstrual volume [23 cases (12.6%, 23/182) vs 31 cases (17.5%, 31/177); P=0.038]. Although SCH group experienced less dysmenorrhea during the first postoperative menstrual period, this difference was not statistically significant [28.5% (51/179) vs 37.1% (65/175); P=0.083]. Outcomes were similar between SCH group and the control group regarding the proportion of participants who resumed menstruation within 6 weeks postoperatively, time to menstruation resumption, and duration of the first postoperative menstruation ( P=0.792, 0.485, and 0.254, respectively). No serious adverse events were observed during the study period, and no adverse events were attributed to SCH gel treatment. Conclusion:The application of SCH gel after artificial abortion is safe and might aid in the recovery of the endometrium.

Perimenopausal syndrome is a common uncomfortable symptom in women during the perimenopausal period, with a high incidence, a long duration, and adverse effects on physical and psychological, patients bear a heavy burden of symptoms, and increase the risk of adverse events in the elderly stage, increase the social medical burden. With the development of sports rehabilitation research, more and more attention has been paid to the effect of exercise on human health. This paper reviews the studies on exercise rehabilitation in women with perimenopausal syndrome, including exercise forms, exercise intensity, exercise time and exercise effect, in order to provide basis for the relevant research and practice.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of WeChat platform in the diagnosis and treatment of menopausal-related diseases for gynecologists.Methods:In March 2017, 47 gynecologists who voluntarily participated in the offline continuing medical education project "Diagnosis and Treatment training of menopause-related diseases" in Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University were selected as the control group (traditional teaching mode), and 52 gynecologists who volunteered to participate in WeChat platform training were selected as the experimental group (WeChat teaching mode). The main outcome measure was the knowledge level of menopause-related diseases and curriculum satisfaction before and after training. SPSS was used to perform t-test or chi-square test for inter-group data. Results:All gynecologists completed the study, the recovery rate of the evaluation questionnaire before and after training was 100%. Before training, the average score of menopause-related disease knowledge and the test passing rate of knowledge examination in experimental group were (63.65±21.42) and 65.4%, while those in the control group were (60.85±24.83) and 63.8%, respectively. No significant difference was found ( P>0.05). After training, the knowledge level of menopause-related diseases and the test passing rate significantly improved in both groups ( P<0.05). The average score of students and the passing rate in the experimental group were (77.50±16.19) and 90.1%, which were better than those in the control group [(78.72±16.89), 87.2%]. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). Besides, the experimental group was more satisfied, but the difference was not statistically significant compared with control group ( P>0.05). Conclusion:WeChat platform training for gynecologists not only has the same effects as the traditional teaching model on menopausal disease diagnosis and treatment training, but also gains higher training satisfaction, suggesting WeChat platform training can be further applied to other subdisciplines.

Objective To compare Masson staining,van Gieson staining,and Sirius red staining for evaluation of an intrauterine adhesion(IUA)model in rats. Methods In total,24 female adult Sprague-Dawley rats were selected and bilateral uteri exposed. To establish an IUA rat model, the left uterus was cut and the endometrium scraped using a scalpel. The right uterus was used as a control. Fourteen days after surgery, all uteri were collected for histological evaluation of IUA by hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining,Masson staining,van Gieson staining,and Sirius red staining. Results HE staining showed that the endometrial epithelial layer of the uterus was absent, with a smaller number of endometrial glands than the control uterus(P < 0.01). Collagen fibers were clearly visible using all special staining method. The fibrotic area rate of uteri by Masson staining(using toluidine blue)was higher than Masson staining(using light green),van Gieson staining,and Sirius red staining(P< 0.01). Under polarized light,type I and type III collagen fibers were clearly distinguished by Sirius red staining,but not using Masson and van Gieson staining. Conclusions Sirius red staining is a superior method than Masson and van Gieson staining for evaluation of fibrosis in IUA and can also differentiate collagen fiber types.

Objective:To understand the spatial distribution of mushroom poisoning in Hunan Province and its influential factors,and to provide the evidence for control of the mushroom poisoning.Methods:The surveillance data for mushroom poisoning cases from 122 counties in Hunan Province in 2015 were collected.Based on geographical information system database,spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatial regression analysis (via OpenGeoDa) was conducted.Results:The incidence of mushroom poisoning in Hunan Province in 2015 was 2.94/100 000.Global Moran's I values was 0.315 (P＜0.05).Local spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated that Ningxiang,Xiangtan,Shaoyang,Lingling,Jiahe,and Linwu districts et al were "positive hotspot" regions.Guzhang,Hecheng,Dingcheng,Yueyang districts et al were "negative hotspot" regions.Spatial regression analysis revealed that the reported incidence of mushroom poisoning was positively correlated with the annual average temperate (Z=2.145,P=0.032),the number of health care institutions per capita (Z=2.352,P=0.019),and the number of students enrollment in secondary schools (Z=4.309,P＜0.001).It was negatively associated with the number of school staff and workers of secondary schools (Z=-2.626,P=0.009).Conclusion:The spatial distribution of mushroom poisoning cases in Hunan Province in 2015 is highly clustered.Mushroom poisoning cases are more prevalent in the middle and southern regions and less prevalent in the northern areas of the province.The annual average temperate and the number of students enrollment in secondary schools demonstrate a certain positive influence on the distribution of mushroom poisoning in Hunan.

Objective To explore the microsurgery methods in patients with early intracranial aneurysm rupture. Methods Sixty-seven patients with early intracranial aneurysm rupture received the emergency microsurgery after releasing cerebrospinal fluid from improved Paine point via pterion craniotomy. Thirty-nine patients received surgery within 1 d after intracranial aneurysm rupture, and the other 28 patients were within 1-3 d. Results The therapeutic effect was evaluated by Glasgow outcome score (GOS) at discharge. Among the 45 patients with Hunt-Hess Ⅰ-Ⅲ grade, cure was in 41 cases, improved in 4 cases. Among the 22 patients with Hunt-HessⅣ-Ⅴgrade, cure was in 6 cases, improved in 6 cases, moderate disability in 4 cases, severe disability in 1 case, and death was in 5 cases. Conclusions The microsurgery of clipping aneurysm directly via pterion approach is still by far the most reliable treatment. And releasing cerebrospinal fluid from improved Paine points can effectively reduce the acute brain swelling of early operation, which will make it an effective adjuvant therapy to emergency microsurgery of clipping aneurysm.

OBJECTIVE To optimize the parameters of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis(PCA)in rats immunized by ovalbumin(OVA). METHODS 1-2 month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were immu?nized by ip injection of OVA(0.2,1.0 and 5.0 mg per rat)mixed with complete Freund′s adjuvant once every other day 3 times. Serum was collected on the 12th-16th days after final immunization. Then the rats were intracutaneously injected with sensitized serum and then stimulated by iv injection of the same dose of OVA mixed with Evans blue after a latent period of 0.5,1.5,3,6,12,24,36,48 and 60 h. Finally,the diameters of blue spots in the skin were measured at stimulation. RESULTS Serum total-IgE(T-IgE)and OVA-specific IgE(sIgE)levels increased significantly and reached the peak on the 3rd-7th days and 12th-16th days after final immunization,respectively. There was no correlation between the serum T-IgE level and OVA-sIgE level when the rats were immunized with OVA at OVA 0.2-5.0 mg per rat. The rats experienced PCA after injection of OVA 1.0 and 5.0 mg per rat. Diameters of blue spots in the skin reached the maximum value after rats were sensitized for 0.5-3 h. Moreover,the shape,color and size of blue spots were better 30-60 min after stimulation. CONCLUSION Optimized PCA is as follows:1-2 month-old rats are immunized on the 1st,3rd and 5th days by ip injection of OVA 1.0-5.0 mg. The immunizing serum is collected at 12-16 d after final immunization. The rats are stimulated by OVA and Evans blue after a latent period of 0.5-3 h. Diameters of blue spots in rats′ skin are then measured 30-60 min after stimulation.

rse effect when compared with tibolone.

The expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase traffic inducer (NOSTRIN) was examined in the umbilical vessels of the patients with pre-eclampsia (PE) to explore its possible role in the pathogenesis of PE. The NOSTRIN mRNA in umbilical tissues was determined by RT-PCR. The eNOS activity in umbilical vessels was spectrophotometrically detected. NO2-/NO3-, the stable metabolic end products of NO, was measured by using nitrate reductase. RT-PCR showed that the expression level of NOSTRIN was significantly higher in women with PE than in the normal group (P<0.01). The activity of eNOS was significantly decreased in PE group [(12.83+/-3.61) U/mg] than in normal group [(21.72+/-3.83) U/mg] (P<0.01). The level of NO2-/NO3- in PE patients (27.53+/-7.48) micromol/mg was significantly lower than that of normal group (54.27+/-9.53) micromol/mg (P<0.01). The significant negative correlation existed between the expression of NOSTRIN and the activity of eNOS in umbilical vessels of women with PE (r=-0.58, P<0.01). It was concluded that the level of NOSTRIN expression was increased in umbilical vessel of women with PE, indicating that it may be involved in the pathogenesis of PE.
Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*metabolism ; Pre-Eclampsia/*enzymology ; Pre-Eclampsia/etiology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Umbilical Arteries/cytology ; Umbilical Arteries/*enzymology ; Umbilical Veins/cytology ; Umbilical Veins/*enzymology