BACKGROUND:Electrical stimulation is a physical method that can be used to induce various cellular activities such as cell proliferation,differentiation,and apoptosis.The induction of osteogenic differentiation of stem cells will be beneficial in the field of bone regeneration. OBJECTIVE:To observe whether micro-current field can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS:The fresh human umbilical cord tissue was cut to obtain umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,which were inoculated into a 6-well plate after cell culture and passage to the third generation.After 24 hours,the cells were cultured under a stimulation of 0,50,and 100 mV/mm micro-electric field,at a frequency of 1 hour per day for 3 continuous days.The growth and morphological changes of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were observed by a microscope.The cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay and EdU staining.Alizarin red staining was used to detect the osteogenic differentiation ability of cells.Western blot assay was used to determine the expression of ERK signal pathway proteins. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The optical density value and the number of proliferating cells in 50 and 100 mV/mm groups were significantly higher than those of the unstimulated group(P<0.05).(2)Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells could be induced to differentiate into osteocytes before and after micro-electric field stimulation,but the differentiation rate of 50 and 100 mV/mm groups was faster than that of unstimulated groups.(3)The protein expression of p-ERK1/2 in the 50 and 100 mV/mm groups was higher than that in the unstimulated group,and significant difference was detected between the 100 mV/mm group and the unstimulated group(P<0.05).(4)Micro-electric field can promote the proliferation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,and the mechanism may be achieved by promoting the phosphorylation of ERK.

Objective To investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of Cichorium glandulosum Boiss.et Huet.on fecal bile acid profiles in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice.Methods Twenty-four 6-week-old C57 BL/6 male mice were divided randomly into normal,model,drug-administration,and metformin groups.Mice in the normal group were fed a regular diet and mice in the other three groups were given high-fat diets.The drug-administration group was gavaged with 10 mL/kg ethanol extract of Cichorium glandulosum Boiss.et Huet.daily,and the metformin group was gavaged with 10 mL/kg metformin daily.After 10 weeks,livers were collected to measure hepatic total triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C),and high-density lipoprotein(HDL)-C.Feces were collected and analyzed.Results Body weight(P＜0.0001),liver TG(P＜0.05),and TC(P＞0.05)were all significantly higher in model mice compared with normal mice,while LDL-C(P＞0.05)and HDL-C(P＜0.001)were significantly lower,indicating abnormal weight gain and lipid metabolism.Alcoholic extract of Cichorium glandulosum Boiss.et Huet.significantly reduced body weight(P＜0.0001),liver TG(P＜0.0001),serum TG(P＜0.05),TC(P＜0.01),and LDL-C(P＜0.05)in mice.Methodsological validation showed that the current method could accurately quantify 52 bile acids in feces.Analysis of the concentration of each type of bile acid revealed that alcoholic extract of Cichorium glandulosum Boiss.et Huet.significantly increased the secondary/primary bile acid ratio(P＜0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that the bile acid metabolic pattern was significantly altered in all groups.Eight differential bile acids were screened in the drug-administration group relative to the model group using variable importance of projection＞1 and P＜0.05.A search of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database revealed that the differential bile acids were mainly involved in the secondary bile acid biosynthesis pathway.Correlation analysis showed that four differential bile acids,deoxycholic acid(r,=0.6445,P＜0.001),isolithocholic acid(r,=0.5879,P＜0.01),3β-deoxycholic acid(r,=0.6649,P＜0.001),and ω-rhamnoglutaric acid(rs=0.5387,P＜0.01),in feces were strongly positively correlated with body weight.Conclusions Cichorium glandulosum Boiss.et Huet.alcoholic extract may play a role in weight reduction and amelioration of dyslipidemia by modulating secondary bile acid biosynthesis and altering fecal bile acid metabolic profiles.

Neuroinflammation is a key contributor to the pathogenic cascades induced by hypoxic-ischemic (HI) insult in the neonatal brain. AD-16 is a novel anti-inflammatory compound, recently found to exert potent inhibition of the lipopolysaccharide-induced production of pro-inflammatory and neurotoxic mediators. In this study, we evaluated the effect of AD-16 on primary astrocytes and neurons under oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro and in mice with neonatal HI brain injury in vivo. We demonstrated that AD-16 protected against OGD-induced astrocytic and neuronal cell injury. Single dose post-treatment with AD-16 (1 mg/kg) improved the neurobehavioral outcome and reduced the infarct volume with a therapeutic window of up to 6 h. Chronic administration reduced the mortality rate and preserved whole-brain morphology following neonatal HI. The in vitro and in vivo effects suggest that AD-16 offers promising therapeutic efficacy in attenuating the progression of HI brain injury and protecting against the associated mortality and morbidity.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Astrocytes/pathology* ; Brain/pathology* ; Brain Injuries/pathology* ; Glucose ; Hypoxia ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/drug therapy* ; Mice ; Neuroinflammatory Diseases ; Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use* ; Oxygen/therapeutic use*

【Objective】 To analyze the gene expression profile of central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumors （CNS-PNETs） by bioinformatics methods so as to explore the possible pathogenesis of CNS-PNETs at the molecular level. 【Methods】 The gene expression profile of CNS-PNETs was downloaded from the GEO database， GSE35493 and GSE74195. The differentially expressed genes （DEGs） were screened by the online analysis tool of GEO2R and Venn software， DEGs were analyzed by using the online analysis tools of David database， such as Gene Ontology （GO） and pathway enrichment （KEGG）. The protein interaction network analysis （PPI） of CNS-PNETs was made by using STRING online analysis tool， Cytoscape software and its plug-in cytohubba to find the key genes. 【Results】 We obtained 262 DEGs， including 49 upregulated genes and 213 downregulated genes. The analysis of GO function and KEGG signal pathway enrichment showed that DEG was involved in DNA transcription and mitosis， cell division， synaptic signal transmission and other biological processes， and associated with cell cycle， tumor-related pathway， p53 signal pathway， synapsis-related signal pathway， cAMP signal pathway and calcium ion signal pathway. Ten key genes， namely， CDK1， CDC20， MAD2L1， KIF11， ASPM， TOP2A， TTK， NDC80， NUSAP1 and DLGAP5 were screened out by STRING analysis. 【Conclusion】 Ten key genes including CDK1 may play an important role in the initiation and progression of CNS-PNETs， providing new clues for exploring the pathogenesis of CNS-PNETs.

Objective:To establish a model of improving diagnostic capability in infiltration depth of colorectal cancer (CRC) with combining narrow band imaging system(NBI) and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS).Methods:CRC patients who were treated in Chongqing Fifth People′s Hospital from April 2015 to March 2021 were selected retrospectively as the research objects. All patients were diagnosed by postoperative pathological diagnosis. In the end, a total of 288 CRC patients were included. Using the random number table method, the study subjects were divided into modeling group ( n=192) and verification group ( n=96) at a ratio of 2∶1. The patients′ general information, NBI and EUS examination results were collected; logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors of CRC submucosal infiltration, and a model was built to predict the depth of CRC infiltration; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was used to identify the diagnostic ability of model. The diagnostic efficacy of CRC submucosal infiltration was verified internally by the verification group. Results:In the modeling group, lymph node metastasis ( OR=6.492, 95% CI: 5.128-7.855, P<0.001), low tumor differentiation ( OR=2.736, 95% CI: 1.731-3.741, P<0.001) and tumor length ( OR=2.049, 95% CI: 1.524-2.574, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for submucosal infiltration in CRC patients; The nomograph model constructed according to the above independent risk factors had a strong diagnostic ability for the depth of submucosal infiltration of CRC, and was internally validated in the validation group. AUC values of the modeling group and the validation group were 0.945 (0.935-0.955) and 0.951 (0.942-0.961), respectively. Conclusions:The nomogram model established by the combination of endoscopic narrow band imaging technology and ultrasound endoscopy can diagnose the depth of CRC infiltration better.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of care-seeking delay of adolescent tuberculosis patients in Dongguan City from 2009 to 2018, so as to provide theoretical basis for the tuberculosis control. Methods: The study participants were 8 899 adolescent tuberculosis patients in Dongguan from 2009 to 2018. The Rank-sum test and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of care-seeking days, and the χ 2 test and Logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of care-seeking delay. Results: The median care-seeking days among adolescent tuberculosis patients were 18(6-46) days in Dongguan City from 2009 to 2018, and the prevalence of the care-seeking delay was 56.6%. Multiple linear regression indicated that care-seeking delays were positively associated with being women (B=0.20), living in rural areas (B=0.10), pathogen-positive patients (B=0.69), patients from 2014 to 2018 (B=0.21), and junior school students (B=0.98). Multivariate Logistic regression indicated that care-seeking delay were positively associated with being women (OR=1.35, 95%CI=1.23-1.47), living in rural areas (OR=1.21, 95%CI=1.08-1.37), pathogen-positive patients (OR=2.51, 95%CI=2.26-2.79), patients from 2014 to 2018 (OR=1.24, 95%CI=1.14-1.35), junior-school students (OR=7.58, 95%CI=1.45-39.65), high-school students (OR=5.26, 95%CI=1.04-26.52), university students (OR=7.06, 95%CI=1.39-35.99), and non-students (OR=5.23, 95%CI=1.05-26.08)(P<0.05). Conclusion The prevention and control of tuberculosis among adolescent patients in Dongguan urgently needs to be strengthened. In the future, attention should be paid to the prevalence of care-seeking delay among female, rural, and student tuberculosis patients, and a reasonable prevention and control policy for adolescent patients should be formulated.

Objective To evaluate the present development and status of quality control for intensive care unit (ICU) in Sichuan Provincial traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) hospitals including integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine hospitals and ethnic hospitals, and to provide practical references for improving the service quality of ICU. Methods Supervisory Group of Sichuan Provincial Critical Care Medicine Quality Control Center of TCM was established in September 2018. From September 8th to 17th, 2018, according to the Scoring Criteria of Quality Control and Supervision Project of TCM for Critical Care Medicine, a 10-day quality control professional guidance was hand out to TCM hospitals with independent ICU in Sichuan Province. The service level of different aspects of hospital quality control was evaluated and ranked from equipment and resource support, medical team, service capacity and level, ward quality, completion of critical care core indicators, completion of quality control of TCM, development of new technologies, diagnosis and treatment schemes for dominant diseases. Results There were 52 TCM hospitals across the province that had an ICU. Thirty-three hospitals were third-class (63.5%), while the rest 19 hospitals were second-class (36.5%). Province-level, city-level and county-level hospitals were accounted for 9.6% (5/52), 38.5% (20/52), and 51.9% (27/52), respectively. Average bed ratio of ICU was 1.8%. Doctor-bed and guard-bed ratios were 0.71∶1 and 2.0∶1, respectively. The average annual admission rate of patients and the average daily admission rate of beds were higher, which were basically 1%. Ward quality was high; the incidence of nosocomial infection was controlled below 10%. Compliance rate of septic shock bundle treatment was high. The incidences of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) were 0.45%, 0.22%, and 0.30%, respectively. Participation rate of TCM was about 83.4%. Average number of new technologies was about 4.4. Average number of disease schemes was about 2.62. Conclusions ICU of Sichuan Provincial TCM hospitals reaches the standard level in service capacity and level, ward quality, critical medicine quality control, and participation rate of TCM treatment. Improvements are required for other prospects, including department scale, medical personnel allocation, new technical development, diagnosis and treatment schemes of dominant diseases.

In 2017, following many thorough discussions, considering Chinese actual situation, more than 20 distinguished pancreatic surgeons brought about an update of the previous 2010 Chinese experts′ consensus on the prevention and treatment of common complications after pancreatic surgery. Referred to the latest update of the postoperative pancreatic fistula consensus statement by the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery, the postoperative pancreatic fistula system of 2017 version Chinese consensus divided pancreatic fistula into pure fistula and mixed fistula based on whether other digestive fluid is mixed or not. The new version also presents key points of pancreatic fistula prevention and surgical strategy. In the paper, the authors analyzed the necessity, essentials and controversy of the update.

Aim To determine whether AngⅡin para-ventricular nucleus (PVN)was involved in the chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH ) induced-hypertension in rats.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were ran-domly divided into Sham and CIH groups,the Sham rats were exposed to continuous normoxia,while the CIH rats were submitted to CIH (8 h per day for 15 days).The conscious noninvasive method with tail cuff was performed in rats to record the systolic blood pres-sure during establishing the model of CIH induced hy-pertension.Mean arterial pressure (MAP)and heart rate (HR)were recorded in vivo on a PowerLab data acquisition system after CIH.Rats were fixed on the stereotaxic instrument to conduct microinjection in the PVN.We used Western blot to measure Ang Ⅱ level and AngⅡtype 1 receptor (AT1 R)protein expression in PVN.Results The level of PVN Ang Ⅱin CIH rats was significantly higher than that in Sham rats,a-long with increased AT1 R protein expression.Microin-jection of Ang Ⅱ(0.03,0.3,3 nmol)in bilateral PVN dose-dependently increased MAP in both CIH and Sham rats,and this response was significantly augmen-ted in CIH rats.Losartan (50 nmol),AT1 R antago-nist,had no effect on MAP in Sham rats,but caused significant MAP decreases in CIH rats,and prevented Ang Ⅱ-induced increases in MAP in both CIH and Sham rats.Conclusion The results suggest that the increased AngⅡrelease and enhanced AT1 R activation in the PVN contribute to CIH induced-hypertension in rats.

The protective efficacy of DNA plasmids encoding avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) S1, N, or M protein was investigated in chickens. Chickens were inoculated monovalently (with plasmid pVAX1-16S1, pVAX1-16M, or pVAX1-16N alone) or multivalently (combination of the three different plasmids, pVAX1-16S1/M/N). A prime-boost immunization protocol against IBV was developed. Chickens were immunized with the multivalent DNA vaccine twice and then boosted with an inactivated vaccine once. Antibody titers of the chickens immunized with pVAX1-16S1/M/N were much higher than those of the monovalent groups (p < 0.01). A protective rate up to 90% was observed in the pVAX1-16S1/M/N group. The serum antibody titers in the prime-boost birds were significantly higher than those of the multivalent DNA vaccine group (p < 0.01) but not significantly different compared to the inactivated vaccine group at 49 days of age. Additionally, the prime-boost group also showed the highest level of IBV-specific cellular proliferation compared to the monovalent groups (p < 0.01) but no significant difference was found compared to the multivalent DNA vaccine group, and the prime-boost group completely protected from followed viral challenge.
Aging ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Cell Proliferation ; Chickens ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control/*veterinary/virology ; Immunization, Secondary/veterinary ; Infectious bronchitis virus/*immunology ; Poultry Diseases/*prevention & control/virology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology/physiology ; Vaccines, DNA/immunology ; Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology ; Viral Vaccines/*immunology