BACKGROUND:Degenerative scoliosis is defined as a condition that occurs in adulthood with a coronal cobb angle of the spine>10° accompanied by sagittal deformity and rotational subluxation,which often produces symptoms of spinal cord and nerve compression,such as lumbar pain,lower limb pain,numbness,weakness,and neurogenic claudication.The finite element method is a mechanical analysis technique for computer modelling,which can be used for spinal mechanics research by building digital models that can realistically restore the human spine model and design modifications. OBJECTIVE:To review the application of finite element method in the etiology and treatment of degenerative scoliosis. METHODS:The literature databases CNKI,PubMed,and Web of Science were searched for articles on the application of finite element method in degenerative scoliosis published before October 2023.Search terms were"finite element analysis,biomechanics,stress analysis,degenerative scoliosis,adult spinal deformity"in Chinese and English.Fifty-four papers were finally included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The biomechanical findings from the degenerative scoliosis model constructed using the finite element method were identical to those from the in vivo experimental studies,which proves that the finite element method has a high practical value in degenerative scoliosis.(2)The study of the etiology and treatment of degenerative scoliosis by the finite element method is conducive to the prevention of the occurrence of the scoliosis,slowing down the progress of the scoliosis,the development of a more appropriate treatment plan,the reduction of complications,and the promotion of the patients'surgical operation.(3)The finite element method has gradually evolved from a single bony structure to the inclusion of soft tissues such as muscle ligaments,and the small sample content is increasingly unable to meet the research needs.(4)The finite element method has much room for exploration in degenerative scoliosis.

Objective: To examine the mediating effects of mindfulness level on resilience and symptoms of anxiety and depression among healthcare workers, so as to provide the reference for developing effective psychological intervention. Methods: The clinical doctors, nurses and public health professionals were selected using the stratified random cluster sampling method from hospitals, disease prevention and control centers, and health departments in five cities in Shandong Province, including Qingdao, Jinan, Rizhao, Jining and Liaocheng in January 2023. Basic information, mindfulness level, resilience and symptoms of anxiety and depression among healthcare workers were collected using general demographic questionnaires, the 5-item Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire, respectively. The Process program was used to analyze the mediating effects of mindfulness level on resilience and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Results: A total of 1 836 healthcare workers were investigated, including 472 males (25.71%) and 1 364 females (74.29%), and the median age was 39 (interquartile range, 12) years. There were 629 clinical doctors (34.26%), 963 nurses (52.45%) and 244 public health professionals (13.29%). The median scores of mindfulness level and resilience were 22 (interquartile range, 7) and 20 (interquartile range, 4) points, respectively. The detection rates of anxiety and depression symptoms were 49.78% and 72.28%, respectively. The mediation analysis showed that mindfulness level exerted a partial mediating effect between resilience and anxiety symptoms (β=-0.510, P<0.001), with a direct effect value of -0.130 and a mediating effect value of -0.046, and the mediating effect accounted for 26.14% of the total effect; mindfulness level also exerted a partial mediating effect between resilience and depression symptoms (β=-0.575, P<0.001), with a direct effect value of -0.120 and a mediating effect value of -0.052, and the mediating effect accounted for 30.23% of the total effect. Conclusion Mindfulness level plays a mediating effect between resilience and symptoms of anxiety and depression among healthcare workers.

【Objective】 To compare the clinical efficacy of high frequency holmium laser in the treatment of 2-3 cm renal calculi by minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPCNL) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). 【Methods】 The clinical data of 105 patients with a solitary 2-3 cm renal calculus treated during Oct. 2020 and Oct. 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups, including 52 cases in the RIRS group and 53 cases in the mPCNL group. The one-stage stone clearance rate, operation time, hemoglobin decline within 24 hours, inflammatory indicators within 24 hours after operation, postoperative complications, hospital stay and hospitalization costs were compared between the two groups. 【Results】 There were no significant differences in the preoperative general data, one-stage stone clearance rate, inflammatory indicators within 24 hours and incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups (P>0.05). The RIRS group had less decrease of hemoglobin than the mPCNL group [(6.35±2.00) g/L vs. (12.25±5.72) g/L, P=0.001], shorter hospital stay [(5.13±0.82) d vs. (7.92±1.59) d, P<0.001], lower hospitalization costs [(15 221.52±796.46) yuan vs. (19 514.51±909.98) yuan, P<0.001], but longer operation time [(58.17±7.67) min vs. (49.60±4.52) min, P<0.001]. 【Conclusion】 Both mPCNL and RIRS are safe and effective in the treatment of 2-3 cm renal calculi with 40-80 Hz holmium laser, and the one-stage stone clearance rate is similar. Although RIRS needed longer operation time than mPCNL, it has the advantages of less surgical trauma, faster postoperative recovery and shorter hospital stay, and is more prospective in the treatment of 2-3 cm renal calculi.

Objective:To investigate the distribution characteristics of body height, body weight and body mass index (BMI) in children aged 3-17 years in China.Methods:Data were obtained from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey in 0-18 years old children in China. The study selected 70 853 children aged 3-17 years from 28 urban and rural survey sites in 14 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in 7 regions of China with multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling. M ( Q1, Q3) was used to describe the region, age and gender specific body height, body weight and BMI in the children aged 3-17 years. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the body height, body weight, and BMI between boys and girls in same age group. Kruskal-Wallis H rank sum test was used to compare the body height, body weight and BMI among boys in different age groups and among girls in different age groups, as well as among boys in same age group and among girls in same age group from different regions, and DSCF method was used for further pairwise comparisons. Results:In this study, the median body height and body weight were 172.0 cm and 62.9 kg in 17-year-old boys and 160.0 cm and 53.7 kg in 17-year-old girls. The median for children's body height, body weight, and BMI in most age groups were higher in northeastern and northern China than in southern China, and the differences could be observed until age 17 years. The differences in body weight and BMI in children in northeastern and northern China were greater in Q3 than in Q1 compared with southern China. Conclusions:The body height of children aged 3-17 years continues to increase in China. Northeastern and northern China have more children with higher bodyweight, showing an obvious body weight increase trend, to which close attention needs to be paid.

Malocclusion,identified by the World Health Organization(WHO)as one of three major oral diseases,profoundly impacts the dental-maxillofacial functions,facial esthetics,and long-term development of～260 million children in China.Beyond its physical manifestations,malocclusion also significantly influences the psycho-social well-being of these children.Timely intervention in malocclusion can foster an environment conducive to dental-maxillofacial development and substantially decrease the incidence of malocclusion or reduce the severity and complexity of malocclusion in the permanent dentition,by mitigating the negative impact of abnormal environmental influences on the growth.Early orthodontic treatment encompasses accurate identification and treatment of dental and maxillofacial morphological and functional abnormalities during various stages of dental-maxillofacial development,ranging from fetal stages to the early permanent dentition phase.From an economic and societal standpoint,the urgency for effective early orthodontic treatments for malocclusions in childhood cannot be overstated,underlining its profound practical and social importance.This consensus paper discusses the characteristics and the detrimental effects of malocclusion in children,emphasizing critical need for early treatment.It elaborates on corresponding core principles and fundamental approaches in early orthodontics,proposing comprehensive guidance for preventive and interceptive orthodontic treatment,serving as a reference for clinicians engaged in early orthodontic treatment.

Objective:To evaluate the correlation between the degree of posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) injury and various parameters of vertebral body injury in patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures.Methods:A total of 48 patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures were admitted to the Spine Surgery Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University between December 2022 and January 2024. The cohort consisted of 31 males and 17 females, with a mean age of 44.1±11.8 years (range, 18-65 years). Based on the PLL injury grading method proposed by Sun Zhaoyun, patients were classified into three groups: mild, moderate, and severe. However, due to an insufficient number of patients in the severe group ( n=3), the moderate and severe groups were combined for statistical analysis, resulting in two groups: mild, and moderate-to-severe. Patient demographic and clinical data were collected. Local kyphosis (LK), inversion angle (IA), horizontal rotation angle (HRA), increased interspinous distance (IISD), anterior vertebral body compression ratio (AVBCR), posterior vertebral body compression ratio (PVBCR), middle vertebral body compression ratio (MVBCR), the ratio of height of bone fragment (RHBF), the ratio of width of bone fragment (RWBF), and mid-sagittal canal diameter compression ratio (MSDCR) were measured. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0. Categorical variables were expressed as frequency (percentage) and analyzed using chi-square and Fisher exact tests. Continuous variables were tested for normality, with non-normally distributed data analyzed using the rank-sum test and expressed as median (interquartile range). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to calculate the area under the curve (AUC) to evaluate predictive performance. Results:Among the 48 patients, only 3 were found to have severe PLL injury, necessitating the combination of the moderate and severe groups for statistical purposes. Patients in the moderate-to-severe group demonstrated significantly higher AVBCR, PVBCR, RHBF, MVBCR, MSDCR, and IA compared to the mild group ( P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression identified AVBCR, PVBCR, MSDCR, and IA as independent risk factors for moderate-to-severe PLL injury ( OR>1, P<0.05). ROC curve analysis revealed that AVBCR, PVBCR, MSDCR, IA, and their combined index could effectively predict moderate-to-severe PLL injury ( P<0.05). Notably, the combined index showed superior predictive performance (AUC=0.970) compared to individual parameters. Threshold values were determined as follows: AVBCR>45.30%, PVBCR>12.17%, MSDCR>27.13%, IA>5.90°, and the combined index >0.61, indicating PLL damage. Conclusion:AVBCR, PVBCR, MSDCR, IA, and their combined index are significantly associated with moderate-to-severe PLL injury in thoracolumbar burst fractures. The combined index demonstrates superior predictive ability compared to single parameters, providing a reliable tool for assessing PLL integrity.

Background and objective Both of lung cancer incidence and mortality rank first among all cancers in China.Previous lung cancer screening trials were mostly selective screening for high-risk groups such as smokers.Non-smoking women accounted for a considerable proportion of lung cancer cases in Asia.This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of community-based mass screening in Guangzhou and identify the high-risk factors for lung cancer.Methods Residents aged 40-74 years in Guangzhou were screened with low-dose computed tomography(LDCT)for lung cancer and the pulmonary nodules were classified and managed according to China National Lung Cancer Screening Guideline with Low-dose Computed Tomography(2018 version).The detection rate of positive nodules was calculated.Before the LDCT examination,residents were required to complete a"lung cancer risk factors questionnaire".The risk factors of the questionnaire were analyzed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)penalized Logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 6256 residents were included in this study.1228 positive nodules(19.63％)and 117 lung cancers were confirmed,including 6 cases of Tis,103 cases of stage Ⅰ(accounting for 88.03％of lung cancer).The results of LASSO penalized Logistic regression analysis indicated that age ≥50 yr(OR=1.07,95％CI:1.06-1.07),history of cancer(OR=3.29,95％CI:3.22-3.37),textile industry(OR=1.10,95％CI:1.08-1.13),use coal for cooking in childhood(OR=1.14,95％CI:1.13-1.16)and food al-lergy(OR=1.10,95％CI:1.07-1.13)were risk factors of lung cancer for female in this district.Conclusion This study highlighted that numerous early stages of lung cancer cases were detected by LDCT,which could be applied to screen-ing of lung cancer in women.Besides,age ≥50 yr,personal history of cancer,textile industry and use coal for cooking in childhood are risk factors for women in this district,which suggested that it's high time to raise the awareness of early lung cancer screening in this group.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of antaitasvir phosphate 100 mg or 200 mg combined with yiqibuvir for 12 weeks in patients with various genotypes of chronic hepatitis C, without cirrhosis or compensated stage cirrhosis.Methods:Patients with chronic hepatitis C (without cirrhosis or compensated stage cirrhosis) were randomly assigned to the antaitasvir phosphate 100 mg+yiqibuvir 600 mg group (100 mg group) or the antaitasvir phosphate 200 mg+yiqibuvir 600 mg group (200 mg group) in a 1∶1 ratio. The drugs were continuously administered once a day for 12 weeks and observed for 24 weeks after drug withdrawal. The drug safety profile was assessed concurrently with the observation of the sustained virological response (SVR12) in the two patient groups 12 weeks following the drug cessation. The intention-to-treat concept was used to define as closely as possible a full analysis set, including all randomized cases who received the experimental drug at least once. The safety set was collected from all subjects who received the experimental drug at least once (regardless of whether they participated in the randomization group) in this study. All efficacy endpoints and safety profile data were summarized using descriptive statistics. The primary efficacy endpoint was SVR12. The primary analysis was performed on a full analysis set. The frequency and proportion of cases were calculated in the experimental drug group (antaitasvir phosphate capsules combined with yiqibuvir tablets) that achieved "HCV RNA

Objective To explore esomeprazole(EMZ)on acetaminophen(APAP)pharmacokinetics and intestinal microbial balance.Methods A total of 14 rats were randomly allocated into two groups,with 7 rats in each group:acetaminophen group(APAP group),and acetaminophen+esomeprazole combination group(APAP+EMZ group),respectively.Rats in the combination group were fed in the metabolic cage.Equivalent 3.6 mg·kg-1·d-1 esomeprazole was administered intragastrically to the combination group for 14 days;Similarly,an equal volume of 0.9％sodium chloride soution(NaCl)was fed to the APAP group for 14 days.During this period,fecal samples were collected from the rats before and after 14 days of EMZ administration for microbial 16S rRNA sequencing.On the 15th day,both the APAP group and APAP+EMZ groups were administratered an equivalent of 44.82 mg·kg-1 APAP by the same method after the regular EMZ administration.The concentrations of APAP in rat plasma were determined by the UPLC-MS/MS method.Main pharmacokinetic parameters were processed and compared using the software DAS 3.0.1 and SPSS 24.0.Results The pharmacokinetic parameter Cmax of APAP was significantly different between APAP group and APAP+EMZ group(P＜0.05).Compared with APAP group,Cmax increased by 120.38％in the APAP+EMZ group.The pharmacokinetic parameters(AUC(0-∞)、CL、t 1/2、tmax)of APAP showed no statistical differences between APAP group and APAP+EMZ group(P＞0.05).The results of 16SrRNA of intestinal flora showed that the abundance of Lactobacillus,Bacteroides,Clostridium,and Escherichia decreased compared with that before drug administration,while the abundance of Bifidobacterium increased.However,the relative abundance of the above flora showed no prominent differences before and after the EMZ intervention(P＞0.05).Conclusions This study showed that when combining EMZ with APAP,the relative abundance of those related flora,which may influence the β-Glucuronidase,all changed to some extent,but made no difference in statistics.The effect of EMZ on the Cmax of APAP was statistically significant.However,the use of EMZ for two weeks did not alter the other pharmacokinetics of APAP by affecting the gut microbiota.

Objective Sequencing depth is a key parameter in next generation sequencing,which is closely related to the accuracy of sequencing results.Forensic biological evidence examination requires extremely high accuracy.It is crucial to scientifically and reasonably set the sequencing depth analysis threshold for forensic next generation sequencing testing.Methods This study used targeted sequencing data of microhaplotypes from 50 samples with known genotypes.By calculating the accuracy,precision,recall,and F1 score of each locus under various threshold conditions,two types of analysis threshold setting methods,which were based on fixed read count and fixed sequencing depth ratio,were studied extensively.Results The results showed that false positives were observed when the analysis threshold was set at 50×or 100×.When the analysis threshold was set at 200×,false negatives were observed.When the analysis threshold was set at 1.5%,3.0%,or 4.5%,false positives were observed.This study further proposed a third type of analysis threshold setting method,which was based on sequencing depth ratio scatter plots.With this method,no false positive or false negative was observed in the results.This article then explored four factors that lead to significant differences in the sequencing depth of forensic next generation sequencing experiments,compared with the analysis threshold setting method for capillary electrophoresis technology,and discussed the correlation between analysis thresholds and the ability to distinguish mixed DNA.Conclusion Employing the sequencing depth ratio scatter plot method to set analysis threshold has significant application value in next generation sequencing-based forensic genetic marker genotyping.