Objective To isolate a Acinetobacter baumannii(Ab)phage from underground sewage,study its prop-erties,and to provide a theoretical basis for phage treatment of Ab infection.Methods Double-layer agar tech-nique was used to isolate phages by using Ab GY-6 as the host strain.Biological characterization and therapeutic effect of the phage was tested.Genetic information of the phage was analyzed.Results Ab phage Abgy202162 was isolated.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)analysis showed that the morphology of Abgy202162 exhibited an icosahedral structure.Biological characteristic analysis showed that the optimal multiplicity of infection was 1,the latent period was 5 min,and the burst size was approximately 520 PFU per cell.In addition,Abgy202162 re-mained stable at different concentrations of chloroform,pH,and temperatures.Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryl-amide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)analysis showed that it contained 10 proteins with molecular weights ran-ging from 15 to 100 ku.The double-stranded(ds)DNA genome of Abgy202162 consisted of 40 889 bp and its G+C content was 38.85％.It contained 47 open reading frames(ORFs),of which 26 had specific functions,but no virulence related genes or antibiotic resistance genes were found.Phylogenetic analysis showed that Abgy202162 was a new phage in the Autographiviridae family,Beijerinkvirinae subfamily,and Friunavirus genus.Abgy202162 showed the ability to prevent Ab infection in the Galleria mellonella in vivo model.Conclusion The phage Ab-gy202162 has strong environmental tolerance and high safety,indicating its potential as an antibiotic alternative used in the treatment of infections caused by Ab.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics, diagnosis, treat-ment and prognosis of gallbladder cancer in China from 2010 to 2017.Methods:The single disease retrospective registration cohort study was conducted. Based on the concept of the real world study, the clinicopathological data, from multicenter retrospective clinical data database of gallbladder cancer of Chinese Research Group of Gallbladder Cancer (CRGGC), of 6 159 patients with gallbladder cancer who were admitted to 42 hospitals from January 2010 to December 2017 were collected. Observation indicators: (1) case resources; (2) age and sex distribution; (3) diagnosis; (4) surgical treatment and prognosis; (5) multimodality therapy and prognosis. The follow-up data of the 42 hospitals were collected and analyzed by the CRGGC. The main outcome indicator was the overall survival time from date of operation for surgical patients or date of diagnosis for non-surgical patients to the end of outcome event or the last follow-up. Measurement data with normal distribu-tion were represented as Mean±SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3) or M(range), and com-parison between groups was conducted using the U test. Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test. Univariate analysis was performed using the Logistic forced regression model, and variables with P<0.1 in the univariate analysis were included for multivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Logistic stepwise regression model. The life table method was used to calculate survival rates and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curves. Log-rank test was used for survival analysis. Results:(1) Case resources: of the 42 hospitals, there were 35 class A of tertiary hospitals and 7 class B of tertiary hospitals, 16 hospitals with high admission of gallbladder cancer and 26 hospitals with low admission of gallbladder cancer, respectively. Geographical distribution of the 42 hospitals: there were 9 hospitals in central China, 5 hospitals in northeast China, 22 hospitals in eastern China and 6 hospitals in western China. Geographical distribution of the 6 159 patients: there were 2 154 cases(34.973%) from central China, 705 cases(11.447%) from northeast China, 1 969 cases(31.969%) from eastern China and 1 331 cases(21.611%) from western China. The total average number of cases undergoing diagnosis and treatment in hospitals of the 6 159 patients was 18.3±4.5 per year, in which the average number of cases undergoing diagnosis and treatment in hospitals of 4 974 patients(80.760%) from hospitals with high admission of gallbladder cancer was 38.8±8.9 per year and the average number of cases undergoing diagnosis and treatment in hospitals of 1 185 patients(19.240%) from hospitals with low admission of gallbladder cancer was 5.7±1.9 per year. (2) Age and sex distribution: the age of 6 159 patients diagnosed as gallbladder cancer was 64(56,71) years, in which the age of 2 247 male patients(36.483%) diagnosed as gallbladder cancer was 64(58,71)years and the age of 3 912 female patients(63.517%) diagnosed as gallbladder cancer was 63(55,71)years. The sex ratio of female to male was 1.74:1. Of 6 159 patients, 3 886 cases(63.095%) were diagnosed as gallbladder cancer at 56 to 75 years old. There was a significant difference on age at diagnosis between male and female patients ( Z=-3.99, P<0.001). (3) Diagnosis: of 6 159 patients, 2 503 cases(40.640%) were initially diagnosed as gallbladder cancer and 3 656 cases(59.360%) were initially diagnosed as non-gallbladder cancer. There were 2 110 patients(34.259%) not undergoing surgical treatment, of which 200 cases(9.479%) were initially diagnosed as gallbladder cancer and 1 910 cases(90.521%) were initially diagnosed as non-gallbladder cancer. There were 4 049 patients(65.741%) undergoing surgical treatment, of which 2 303 cases(56.878%) were initially diagnosed as gallbladder cancer and 1 746 cases(43.122%) were initial diagnosed as non-gallbladder cancer. Of the 1 746 patients who were initially diagnosed as non-gallbladder cancer, there were 774 cases(19.116%) diagnosed as gallbladder cancer during operation and 972 cases(24.006%) diagnosed as gallbladder cancer after operation. Of 6 159 patients, there were 2 521 cases(40.932%), 2 335 cases(37.912%) and 1 114 cases(18.087%) undergoing ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination before initial diagnosis, respec-tively, and there were 3 259 cases(52.914%), 3 172 cases(51.502%) and 4 016 cases(65.205%) undergoing serum carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19-9 or CA125 examination before initially diagnosis, respectively. One patient may underwent multiple examinations. Results of univariate analysis showed that geographical distribution of hospitals (eastern China or western China), age ≥72 years, gallbladder cancer annual admission of hospitals, whether undergoing ultrasound, CT, MRI, serum carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19-9 or CA125 examination before initially diagnosis were related factors influencing initial diagnosis of gallbladder cancer patients ( odds ratio=1.45, 1.98, 0.69, 0.68, 2.43, 0.41, 1.63, 0.41, 0.39, 0.42, 95% confidence interval as 1.21-1.74, 1.64-2.40, 0.59-0.80, 0.60-0.78, 2.19-2.70, 0.37-0.45, 1.43-1.86, 0.37-0.45, 0.35-0.43, 0.38-0.47, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that geographical distribution of hospitals (eastern China or western China), sex, age ≥72 years, gallbladder cancer annual admission of hospitals and cases undergoing ultrasound, CT, serum CA19-9 examination before initially diagnosis were indepen-dent influencing factors influencing initial diagnosis of gallbladder cancer patients ( odds ratio=1.36, 1.42, 0.89, 0.67, 1.85, 1.56, 1.57, 0.39, 95% confidence interval as 1.13-1.64, 1.16-1.73, 0.79-0.99, 0.57-0.78, 1.60-2.14, 1.38-1.77, 1.38-1.79, 0.35-0.43, P<0.05). (4) Surgical treatment and prognosis. Of the 4 049 patients undergoing surgical treatment, there were 2 447 cases(60.435%) with complete pathological staging data and follow-up data. Cases with pathological staging as stage 0, stage Ⅰ, stage Ⅱ, stage Ⅲa, stage Ⅲb, stage Ⅳa and stage Ⅳb were 85(3.474%), 201(8.214%), 71(2.902%), 890(36.371%), 382(15.611%), 33(1.348%) and 785(32.080%), respectively. The median follow-up time and median postoperative overall survival time of the 2 447 cases were 55.75 months (95% confidence interval as 52.78-58.35) and 23.46 months (95% confidence interval as 21.23-25.71), respectively. There was a significant difference in the overall survival between cases with pathological staging as stage 0, stage Ⅰ, stage Ⅱ, stage Ⅲa, stage Ⅲb, stage Ⅳa and stage Ⅳb ( χ2=512.47, P<0.001). Of the 4 049 patients undergoing surgical treatment, there were 2 988 cases(73.796%) with resectable tumor, 177 cases(4.371%) with unresectable tumor and 884 cases(21.833%) with tumor unassessable for resectabi-lity. Of the 2 988 cases with resectable tumor, there were 2 036 cases(68.139%) undergoing radical resection, 504 cases(16.867%) undergoing non-radical resection and 448 cases(14.994%) with operation unassessable for curative effect. Of the 2 447 cases with complete pathological staging data and follow-up data who underwent surgical treatment, there were 53 cases(2.166%) with unresectable tumor, 300 cases(12.260%) with resectable tumor and receiving non-radical resection, 1 441 cases(58.888%) with resectable tumor and receiving radical resection, 653 cases(26.686%) with resectable tumor and receiving operation unassessable for curative effect. There were 733 cases not undergoing surgical treatment with complete pathological staging data and follow-up data. There was a significant difference in the overall survival between cases not undergoing surgical treatment, cases undergoing surgical treatment for unresectable tumor, cases undergoing non-radical resection for resectable tumor and cases undergoing radical resection for resectable tumor ( χ2=121.04, P<0.001). (5) Multimodality therapy and prognosis: of 6 159 patients, there were 541 cases(8.784%) under-going postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and advanced chemotherapy, 76 cases(1.234%) under-going radiotherapy. There were 1 170 advanced gallbladder cancer (pathological staging ≥stage Ⅲa) patients undergoing radical resection, including 126 cases(10.769%) with post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy and 1 044 cases(89.231%) without postoperative adjuvant chemo-therapy. There was no significant difference in the overall survival between cases with post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy and cases without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy ( χ2=0.23, P=0.629). There were 658 patients with pathological staging as stage Ⅲa who underwent radical resection, including 66 cases(10.030%) with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and 592 cases(89.970%) without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. There was no significant difference in the overall survival between cases with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and cases without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy ( χ2=0.05, P=0.817). There were 512 patients with pathological staging ≥stage Ⅲb who underwent radical resection, including 60 cases(11.719%) with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and 452 cases(88.281%) without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. There was no significant difference in the overall survival between cases with postoperative adjuvant chemo-therapy and cases without post-operative adjuvant chemo-therapy ( χ2=1.50, P=0.220). Conclusions:There are more women than men with gallbladder cancer in China and more than half of patients are diagnosed at the age of 56 to 75 years. Cases undergoing ultrasound, CT, serum CA19-9 examination before initial diagnosis are independent influencing factors influencing initial diagnosis of gallbladder cancer patients. Preoperative resectability evaluation can improve the therapy strategy and patient prognosis. Adjuvant chemotherapy for gallbladder cancer is not standardized and in low proportion in China.

Objective:To explore the clinicopathological features, immunophenotype and molecular genetic characteristics of malignant solitary fibrous tumor (MSFT).Methods:Seven cases of MSFT were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from July 2018 to December 2020. Immunohistochemistry, RNA-based NGS and DNA-based NGS were performed. Results Among the 7 patients, there were 5 males and 2 females with a median age of 53 years (37-69 years). Two tumors located at skull base, and one in the tentorium of cerebellum, parietal occipital region, occipital area, chest and buttock respectively. The maximum diameter of the tumor was 2.5-20.0 cm. Microscopically, typical hemangiopericomatoid structures were noted; the tumor was cellular, fusiform or oval, very pleomorphic, with necrosis and high mitotic figures (>4/10 HPF). In some cases, classical solitary fibrous tumor morphology and dedifferentiated region were observed. Immunohistochemically, the tumor was positive for CD34 (6/7), STAT6 (7/7), bcl-2 (7/7), but negative for S-100 (7/7); CKpan or EMA was positive to varying degrees; mutated p53 was noted (3/7); Ki-67 positive index was more than 10%. NAB2-STAT6 gene fusion was typically detected in all the 7 cases. In 4 cases, ZNF415-FGFR1, COPG1-MET, IPO11-LRRC70_ncRNA-PLAG1 and Clorf198-CD274 (PD-L1) gene fusions were also detected. NOTCH1 mutation was found in 7 cases and TP53 mutation in 4 cases. TERT promoter mutations were not detected in all the cases. Conclusions:MSFT is rare and needs to be differentiated from many other spindle cell tumors. Especially when tumors express epithelial markers, they are easily misdiagnosed as sarcomatoid carcinoma and synovial sarcoma, etc. Immunohistochemistry and molecular detection of NAB2-STAT6 gene fusion have important diagnostic values. NOTCH1 and TP53 mutations may be associated with the progression of MSFT. Some patients have FGFR1 gene fusion and MET gene fusion, which may be potential therapeutic targets.

Objective:To study the clinicopathologic features and MYD88 L265P mutation status of intravascular large B cell lymphoma (IVLBCL).Methods:Fourteen cases of IVLBCLs were diagnosed from March 2014 to December 2019 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. The clinicopathologic features and prognosis were analyzed. Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNAs and MYD88 L265P mutation status were detected using in situ hybridization and Sanger sequencing, respectively. The follow-up data were obtained by telephone interview.Results:There were 6 males and 8 females with a median age of 62 years (range: 48-73 years). The involved anatomic locations were demonstrated by positron emission tomography-computed tomography, including adrenal gland (7/14), bone (6/14), central nerve system (4/14), skin (3/14), female reproductive system (3/14), local lymph nodes (3/14), prostate (2/14), liver and spleen (2/14), sphenoid sinus (1/14), penis (1/14), bladder (1/14), and right lung (1/14). Fever was the most common symptom (7/14), followed by neurologic symptoms and lower abdominal pain (2/14 each). The reminder symptoms included rash with edema, legs weakness and numbness, or postmenopausal bleeding (1/14 each). Eleven cases were at Lugano stage Ⅳ. Four cases were associated with the hemophagocytic syndrome, while 6 cases with bone marrow involved. Microscopically, the tumor cells were generally concentrated within the small-to-medium vascular lumens or sinusoids; they had centroblast-like appearance and showed large round or oval nuclei with slightly irregularities, coarse chromatin and 1-3 distinct nucleoli. One exception was the one case with an embryoid nuclei, reminiscent of anaplastic large cell lymphoma. The mitosis was not uncommon. Extravascular neoplastic cells were seen in two cases. The neutrophils could be appreciable in most of the cases (10/14). Immunophenotyping showed that CD20 and CD79α were diffusely and strongly positive in 14 cases; 12 cases were classified as the non-GCB subtype; 6 out of the 11 cases were double expressor lymphoma; 7 out of the 12 cases were CD5-positive. Twelve cases were EBER negative. The MYD88 L265P mutation was detected in 1 case (1/10). The duration of the follow-up ranged from 0.5 to 24.0 months, and 11 patients survived and 3 died.Conclusions:IVLBCL is rare. The most common type of IVLBCL in China is Asian type with scant tumor cells. Combination of clinical and immunohistochemical features can avoid most, if not all, misdiagnoses and missed diagnoses. Some IVLBCL cases may harbor the MYD88 L265P mutation, but the prevalence of MYD88 L265P mutation in the population still warrants additional studies.

Objective:To study the clinicopathological features and prognosis of nodal lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenstrom′s macroglobulinemia (n-LPL/WM).Methods:A total of 19 cases of n-LPL/WM were collected from May 2009 to January 2020 at First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. The clinicopathologic features, immunophenotype, Ig gene rearrangement (BIOMED-2), MYD88 L265P mutation status (by Sanger sequencing) and follow-up data (by telephone) were analyzed.Results:There were 15 males and 4 females with a median age of 61 years (range 43 to 82 years). There were 14 WM and five LPL. The most common symptoms were weakness, fatigue (9/19) and B symptoms (11/19). Majority of the patients (16/18) presented with systemic multiple lymphadenopathies. Eighteen patients presented at advanced stages (Ⅲ/Ⅳ stage). Serum M protein status was IgM (15 cases), IgG (1 case), IgA (1 case) and no-secretory type (2 cases). Seventeen patients had bone marrow involvement. Morphologically, all 19 cases were divided into two groups: typical group (9 cases) or atypical group (10 cases). In the typical group, the structures of the lymph nodes were preserved; the neoplastic cells were predominantly plasmacytoid lymphocytes or mixed small lymphocytes, plasmacytoid lymphocytes and plasma cells, without proliferation of FDC network and follicular implantation. In the atypical group, the tumor showed effaced nodal architecture (5 cases), mainly proliferation of small lymphocytes (6 cases), FDC proliferation and/or follicular implantation (6 cases), marginal zone B cell differentiation (4 cases) and diffuse amyloidosis (1 case). Hemosiderin deposition (19 cases), infiltration of fatty tissue (19 cases) and interstitial sclerosis (9 cases) were commonly seen in both groups. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic B cells expressed CD20 and CD79α, and the neoplastic plasma cells were positive for CD38, CD138 and MUM-1; eight cases showed light chain restriction; of the seven detected cases, five expressed IgM and the other two expressed IgG and IgA respectively; four cases expressed CD23 weakly, Ki-67 index was 10%-30%. MYD88 L265P mutation was seen in 18/18 cases. There was no significant difference in clinicopathologic features and prognosis between the two groups ( P>0.05). The median follow-up time was 61 months, 11 patients were alive, while eight died; the 5-year survival rate was 21.1%. Conclusions:n-LPL/WM is rare, but patients usually present in advanced stages. It is easily confused with other small B-cell lymphomas with plasma cell differentiation, especially basing on morphologic features alone; thus the accurate diagnosis of n-LPL/WM requires a combination of clinical features, serum M protein, immunohistochemistry, bone marrow morphology,flow cytometry and MYD88 L265P mutation status etc. The prognosis of n-LPL/WM may be not very good, and further studies with more cases are needed.

Objective:To investigate differences in stratum corneum components between sensitive skin and normal skin by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and to evaluate the value of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy in the study of pathogenesis of sensitive skin.Methods:From December 2018 to February 2019, 148 volunteers were recruited, who had lived in Shanghai for ≥ 6 years. Through questionnaire survey, lactic acid sting test and capsaicin test, the subjects were divided into normal skin group and sensitive skin group; meanwhile, total sting score and total burning score of the subjects were recorded in the lactic acid sting test and capsaicin test respectively. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was performed to detect stratum corneum components, including natural moisturizing factor (NMF), stratum corneum lipids, free fatty acids (FFA) and β-sheet/α-helix (β/α) ratio; moreover, other non-invasive techniques were used to measure skin physiological parameters, including transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum hydration (SCH) levels, stratum corneum lipids, skin pH, current perception thresholds of 3 peripheral sensory nerve fibers, and superficial skin blood flow perfusion. Spearman correlation coefficients between stratum corneum components and the total sting score as well as total burning pain score were analyzed, so were Pearson correlation coefficients between the stratum corneum components and skin physiological parameters.Results:A total of 73 volunteers completed all tests, including 15 males and 19 females aged 41.8 ± 8.9 years in the sensitive skin group, and 19 males and 20 females aged 42.8 ± 9.4 years in the normal skin group. Compared with the normal skin group, the sensitive skin group showed significantly decreased levels of stratum corneum NMF (30.90 ± 7.38 vs. 37.01 ± 8.77, t = 3.193, P < 0.01) and FFA (14.90 ± 6.75 vs. 20.45 ± 11.76, t = 2.422, P < 0.05), but significantly increased β/α ratio (3.17 ± 1.03 vs. 2.67 ± 0.56, t = -2.595, P < 0.05) ; there was no significant difference in stratum corneum lipid content between the two groups ( t = 1.458, P > 0.05). As far as the skin physiological parameters were concerned, the sensitive skin group showed significantly increased TEWL ( t = -3.496, P < 0.001), but significantly decreased current perception thresholds at a frequency of 5 Hz and epidermal density (both P < 0.05) compared with the normal skin group; no significant difference in stratum corneum lipid content was observed between the two groups ( P > 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that NMF, FFA and β/α ratio were significantly correlated with TEWL ( r = -0.405, -0.562, 0.503, respectively, all P < 0.01) and total sting score ( rs = -0.401, -0.285, 0.316, respectively, P < 0.01 or 0.05) ; meanwhile, epidermal density was also significantly correlated with NMF ( r = 0.402, P < 0.01) and β/α ratio ( r = -0.369, P < 0.05). However, none of NMF, FFA and β/α ratio was correlated with stratum corneum lipid content, current perception thresholds of the 3 sensory nerve fibers, superficial skin blood flow perfusion or epidermal thickness (all P > 0.05) . Conclusions:NMF, FFA and β/α ratio in the stratum corneum significantly differed between the sensitive skin and normal skin, and were significantly correlated with some physiological parameters related to stratum corneum barrier function. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy is an effective method for evaluating barrier function of sensitive skin.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal glomus tumors (GIGT). Methods: Totally 15 cases of GIGT were collected at the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, from January 2011 to June 2018. The clinicopathological features, immunophenotype, BRAF V600E mutation and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The 15 patients′ age ranged from 37 to 59 years(median 49 years, mean 50 years). Eleven patients presented with intermittent abdominal pain and distention, three showed antral space-occupying lesions at physical examination, and one had abdominal pain accompanied by fecal blood. Fourteen tumors were located in the stomach, and one was in the ileum. Imaging showed the gastric glomus tumors were located in the submucosal layer with obvious enhancement in the arterial phase, and the ileum glomus tumor involved the whole layer of intestinal wall causing luminal obstruction. The maximum diameters of the tumors ranged from 1.5 to 3.0 cm (mean 2.3 cm). Grossly, the gastric glomus tumors were solid. Microscopically, the gastric glomus tumors were mostly located in the muscularispropria layer and were vascular. The tumor boundary was distinct but without capsule formation. The tumor cells were round or oval, and showed perivascular hemangiopericytoma-like or solid nest-like structures. The tumor cells were mildly pleomorphic, with rare mitosis and no necrosis. Two tumors had focal calcification, two showed mucosal invasion, two showed vascular invasion and five showed perineural invasion. The ileum glomus tumor was cellular, with prominent cellular atypia, and the mitotic count in hot spots was about 5-6/HPF. Immunohistochemistry showed that SMA and collage Ⅳ were strongly expressed in all the tumor cells; caldesmon and calponin were moderately expressed in some regions, and syn was weakly expressed in 12 cases. The Ki-67 proliferation index in the gastric glomus tumors ranged from 1% to 30% (mean 6%); and that in the ileum glomus tumor was about 70%. BRAF V600E mutations were not detected in any of 15 GIGTs. All patients did not receive radiotherapy or chemotherapy post operatively. Thirteen patients were followed up by telephone for 18-90 months (mean 42 months). Twelve patients with gastric glomus tumors survived without recurrence and metastasis, and the patient with ileum glomus tumor had liver metastasis 15 months after operation. Conclusions Glomus tumors is a rare mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. It should be differentiated from gastrointestinal stromal tumors, neuroendocrine tumor, leiomyoma, solitary fibrous tumor and paraganglioma. Most GIGTs are benign and have good prognosis. More experience is needed to understand the biologic behavior and prognostication of GIGTs.

Objective To evaluate the effect of GOLPH3 on the proliferation, apoptosis and radiosensitivity of OE33 esophageal cancer cell line. Methods The expression levels of GOLPH3 mRNA and protein in the esophageal cancer cells and normal esophageal epithelial cells were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The OE33 esophageal cancer cells were transfected with GOLPH3 siRNA and subject to irradiation treatment simultaneously. The cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. The cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The radiosensitivity was assessed by cell cloning test. The expression levels of cleaved Caspase-3, Bax and cleaved Caspase-9 protein levels were quantitatively measured by Western blot. Results The expression levels of GOLPH3 mRNA and protein in the esophageal cancer cells were significantly higher than those in the normal esophageal epithelial cells ( both P<0.05) . GOLPH3 siRNA could obviously down-regulate the expression levels of GOLPH3 mRNA and protein in the OE33 esophageal cancer cells. The proliferation activity of esophageal cancer cells was decreased, whereas the apoptosis rate was increased and the expression levels of cleaved Caspase-3, Bax and cleaved Caspase-9 were up-regulated after down-regulating the expression of GOLPH3 or irradiation treatment ( all P<0.05) . After down-regulating the expression of GOLPH3 in the esophageal cancer cells treated with irradiation, the cell proliferation activity was more significantly decreased, whereas the apoptosis rate was elevated and the expression levels of cleaved Caspase-3, Bax and cleaved Caspase-9 were more evidently up-regulated ( all P<0.05) . In the irradiated OE33 esophageal cancer cells after down-regulating the expression of GOLPH3, the radiosensitization ratio of the cells was 1.673. Conclusions GOLPH3 is highly expressed in the esophageal cancer cells. Down-regulating the expression of GOLPH3 can increase the radiosensitivity, induce the apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of OE33 esophageal cancer cells.

Objective To investigate reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) features of irritant cutaneous reactions to sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) in healthy persons aged from 18 to 60 years,to analyze effects of age and gender on cutaneous reactions,and to estimate the value of RCM in objective evaluation of cutaneous reactions.Methods An occlusive patch test was performed on the back of 120 healthy testees with 0.1％ and 0.5％ SLS solution (0.1％ and 0.5％ SLS groups) and distilled water (negative control group) for 48 hours.At different time points after the patch removal,clinical evaluation and RCM were performed.Results RCM imaging in the 0.1％ and 0.5％ SLS groups showed parakeratosis,indistinct structure of the stratum corneum,spongiosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the epidermis,and telangiectasia in the papillary dermis.The incidence of RCM features reached the peak until 24 hours after the removal of 0.1％ and 0.5％ SLS patches,and the incidence of telangiectasia in the dermis was up to 66.7％ and 95.0％ in the 0.1％ and 0.5％ SLS groups respectively.At 24 hours after the removal of 0.5％ SLS patch,the incidence of spongiosis was significantly lower in the males than in the females (68.9％ [42/61] vs.84.7％ [50/59],x2 =4.24,P ＜ 0.05).However,the incidence of spongiosis was significantly higher in testees aged 18-40 years than in those aged 41-60 years at 24 hours after the removal of 0.1％ SLS patch (53.3％[32/60] vs.35.0％[21/60],x2 =4.09,P ＜ 0.05).For the other RCM features,there were no significant differences in their incidence between different genders or age groups after the removal of 0.1％ and 0.5％ SLS patches (all P ＞ 0.05).Clinical evaluation showed that after the removal of 0.1％ and 0.5％ SLS patches,no significant difference in the incidence of irritant cutaneous reactions was observed between the males and the females or between the testees aged 18-40 years and those aged 41-60 years (all P ＞ 0.05).There were good correlations between the clinical evaluation results and RCM features.At 24 hours after the removal of 0.1％ SLS patch,the correlation coefficient between spongiosis and clinical evaluation results was up to 0.77,so was that between telangiectasia in the dermis and clinical evaluation results (both P ＜ 0.001).However,at 0.5 hour after the removal of SLS patches,clinical evaluation showed that the positive reaction rates were 2.5％ (3/120) and 12.5％ (15/120) in the 0.1％ and 0.5％ SLS groups respectively.In the meantime,there were 17.5 ％ (21 / 120) and 51.7％ (62/120) of testees manifesting more than 2 RCM features in the 0.1％ and 0.5％ SLS groups respectively,which were more similar to the clinical evaluation results at 24 hours after the removal of SLS patches (34.2％ [41/120] and 85.0％ [102/120] in the 0.1％ and 0.5％ SLS groups respectively) compared with the clinical evaluation results at 0.5 hour after the removal of SLS patches.Conclusions Neither gender nor age affects irritant cutaneous reactions to 0.1％ and 0.5％ SLS.Compared with clinical evaluation,RCM can evaluate cutaneous reactions more objectively and accurately in the early stage of irritant reactions.

BACKGROUND: The main manifestations of radiation pneumonitis are injury of alveolar epithelial and endothelial cells, abnormal expression of cytokines, abnormal proliferation of fibroblasts and synthesis of fibrous matrix. The occurrence of radiation pneumonitis is associated with multiplecytokine level abnormality. These cytokines can also be used as bio-markers to predict the occurrence of radiation pneumonitis. This study was to evaluate the correlation between the change of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1 (Ape1/Ref-1), intercellular adhesion molecules 1 (ICAM-1) and interleukin-17A (IL-17A) before and after radiotherapy and radiation pneumonitis for local advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. METHODS: NSCLC patients (68 cases) were treated with concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy, every patient's normal tissue were controlled with a same radation dose. 68 local advanced NSCLC patients with concurrent chemoradiotherapy were detected the levels of Ape1/Ref-1, ICAM-1 and IL-17A in serum by ELISA before radiotherapy and in the 14th week after radiotherapy. Acute and advanced radiation pulmonary injury was graded according to Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/European Organization For Research and Treatment (RTOG/EORTC) diagnostic and grading criteria. Grade 2 or more radiation pneumonitis was taken as the main end point. RESULTS: Eighteen cases out of 68 developed radiation pneumonitis, 50 of 68 cases have no radiation pneumonia development. There was no significant change of Ape1/Ref-1 levels before and after radiotherapy in radiation pneumonitis group (P>0.05). There was no significant change of Ape1/Ref-1 concentration in serum after radiotherapy between radiation pneumonitis group and non-radiation pneumonitis group (P>0.05). Compared with before radiotherapy, upregulation degree of ICAM-1 levels in radiation pneumonitis group was significantly higher than that in non- radiation pneumonitis group (P<0.05). There was no significant change of IL-17A concentration before and after radiotherapy in radiation pneumonitis group, but after radiotherapy IL-17A concentration in serum were remarkably higher than that in non-radiation pneumonitis group (P<0.05). Correlation analysis found that the change of ICAM-1 before and after radiotherapy has no obvious correlation with the incidence of radiation pneumonitis, and IL-17A change has obvious correlation with the incidence of radiation pneumonitis. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of strictly controlling radiation dose on normal tissue, IL-17A in serum could be the predictive factors of radiation pneumonitis for local advanced NSCLC patients with concurrent chemoradiotherapy.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; blood ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; Chemoradiotherapy ; adverse effects ; DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; blood ; Interleukin-17 ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiation Pneumonitis ; blood ; etiology