Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease that causes the periodontal bone destruction and may ultimately result in tooth loss.With the progression of periodontitis,the osteoimmunology microenvironment in periodontitis is damaged and leads to the formation of pathological alveolar bone resorption.CD301b+macrophages are specific to the osteoimmunology microenvironment,and are emerging as vital booster for conducting bone regeneration.However,the key upstream targets of CD301b+macrophages and their potential mechanism in periodontitis remain elusive.In this study,we concentrated on the role of Tim4,a latent upstream regulator of CD301b+macrophages.We first demonstrated that the transcription level of Timd4(gene name of Tim4)in CD301b+macrophages was significantly upregulated compared to CD301b-macrophages via high-throughput RNA sequencing.Moreover,several Tim4-related functions such as apoptotic cell clearance,phagocytosis and engulfment were positively regulated by CD301b+macrophages.The single-cell RNA sequencing analysis subsequently discovered that Cd301b and Timd4 were specifically co-expressed in macrophages.The following flow cytometric analysis indicated that Tim4 positive expression rates in total macrophages shared highly synchronized dynamic changes with the proportions of CD301b+macrophages as periodontitis progressed.Furthermore,the deficiency of Tim4 in mice decreased CD301b+macrophages and eventually magnified alveolar bone resorption in periodontitis.Additionally,Tim4 controlled the p38 MAPK signaling pathway to ultimately mediate CD301b+macrophages phenotype.In a word,Tim4 might regulate CD301b+macrophages through p38 MAPK signaling pathway in periodontitis,which provided new insights into periodontitis immunoregulation as well as help to develop innovative therapeutic targets and treatment strategies for periodontitis.

Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a tool that uses the intrinsic nature of local magnetic fields to enhance image contrast in order to improve the visibility of various susceptibility sources. SWI has blood oxygen levels dependent effect and is sensitive to the change of the cerebral oxygen saturation. This imaging method is applied to various diseases with abnormal deoxyhemoglobin concentration, such as ischemic stroke and cerebral arteriovenous malformation. Patients with acute ischemic stroke have elevated levels of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the affected area, so the ischemic area can show abnormal venous imaging on SWI images. SWI could recognize penumbra and guide the management of patients with acute stroke. Besides, SWI also could evaluate the severity of symptoms, predict prognosis and future surviving state. This paper reviews the research progress of the prominent hypointense vessels sign and its application in acute ischemic stroke.

Stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide. Up to one thousand potential drugs or interventions have been developed to treat stroke, out of which ~160 have gone on to clinical trials. However, none of them has been successful. New insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of ischemia-induced injury are needed for discovering new therapeutic targets. Recently, Drosophila has been used to uncover new hypoxia-related genes. In this study, we describe an efficient and reliable assay with a sophisticated apparatus for studying the effects of oxygen deprivation on flies. Using this assay, wild-type flies were exposed to an anoxic environment for varying lengths of time, then the cumulative death rate and mobility recovery were systematically analyzed. We found that anoxia for over one hour caused lethality. The cumulative death rate on day 5 after anoxia was linearly and positively correlated with the duration of anoxia, and reached 50% when the duration was 2.5 h-3 h. We also found that the mobility recovery in normoxia was slow, as the climbing ability remained largely unchanged 4 h-6 h after 2.5-h of anoxia. We suggest that 2.5 h-3 h of anoxia and 4 h-6 h of recovery before mobility analysis are appropriate for future use of the anoxia assay.
Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Hypoxia

Objective To investigate the correlation between ipsilateral posterior cerebral artery laterality (PCAL) and the outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory. Methods From June 2015 to December 2016, patients with acute ischemic stroke in the MCA territory admitted to the Second People's Hospital of Hefei were enrolled. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was used to assess PCAL. The outcome was evaluated by the modified Rankin scale at 3 months after onset. 0-2 was defined as good outcome and > 2 was defined as poor outcome. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent influencing factors of clinical outcome. Results A total of 111 patients with ischemic stroke in MCA territory were enrolled, including 47 (42. 3％) PCAL and 30 (27. 0％) poor outcomes. The baseline NIHSS score in the PCAL group was significantly lower than that in the non-PCAL group (5. 13 ± 3. 29 years vs. 7. 03 ± 5. 676 years, t = 2. 058; P = 0. 042). There were significantly differences in the proportion of diabetes mellitus (29. 6％ vs. 10. 0％; χ2 = 4. 583, P = 0. 032), PCAL (51. 9％ vs. 16. 7％;χ2 = 11. 101, P = 0. 001) and smoking (25. 9％ vs. 13. 3％; χ2 = 4. 943, P = 0. 026), as well as age (63. 9 ± 11. 8 years vs. 71. 0 ± 6. 7 years; t = 2. 688, P = 0. 007), baseline diastolic blood pressure (89 ± 13 mmHg vs. 82 ± 10 mmHg; t = -2. 249, P = 0. 025; 1 mmHg = 0. 133 kPa) and baseline NIHSS score (5. 02 ± 3. 67 vs. 9. 47 ± 6. 20; t = 3. 883, P < 0. 001) between the good outcome group and the poor outcome group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that PCAL was associated independently with good outcome (odds ratio [OR] 0. 272, 95％ confidence interval [CI] 0. 083-0. 888; P = 0. 031), while advanced age (OR 1. 088, 95％ CI 1. 022-1. 157; P = 0. 008) and high baseline NIHSS score (OR 1. 224, 95％ CI 1. 077-1. 391; P = 0. 002) were associated independently with poor outcome. Conclusion PCAL is associated independently with good outcome in patients with ischemic stroke in MCA territory.

Objective To analyze the clinical effect through 20 adult atrial septal defect repair cases with totally thoracoscopic and summarize the experience of totally thoracoscopic cardiac surgeries.Methods From March 2014 to August 2016, 20 adult atrial septal defect cases repaired by totally thoracoscopic were enrolled in the study. Extracorporeal circulation was established by inserting artery pump tubes into the right femoral artery and vein tubes in to the right femoral vein, cold blood cardioplegia was perfused ante gradely through the aortic root in order to protect the myocardium, then atrial septal defect repair cardiac surgeries were implemented by perforating 3 holes through the right chest wall. Analyze the operation time, aortic cross clamping time, CPB time, amount of drainage, hospital stay, postoperative complications and so on.Results The operation time was 3.5~5.0 h, and the average level was (3.8 ± 0.5) h. The blocking duration of the ascending aorta ranged from 28 to 46 min, and the average level was (29.8 ± 8.2) min. The duration of extracorporeal circulation ranged from 86 to 108 min, and the average level was (80.6 ± 11.5) min. Ventilation time ranged from 5 to 8h, and the average level was (6.0 ± 0.8) h. The amount of thoracic drainage ranged from 100 to 260 ml, and the average level was (150.0 ± 35.0) ml. Hospital stay ranged from 6 to 9 days, and the average level was (6.5 ± 1.2) days. All the operations were completed successfully. There were no in-hospital death or serious post-operative complications. UCG performed 3~5 days after the operation revealed surgical results were satisfactory. Follow up to 1~28 months were available in all cases. During the period, the heart function was conifrmed asⅠ level.Conclusion Adult atrial septal defect repair surgeries with totally thoracoscope is safe and reliable and have advantages of less injury, rapid discovery, light pain, and less postoperative drainage.

Objective To investigate the predictive factors of progressive motor deficits (PMD) after isolated pontine infarction. Methods Consecutive patients with isolated pontine infarction admitted to hospital within 48 hours after onset were enroled. They were divided into either a PMD group (increase ≥1 within 7 days) or a non-PMD group according to the clinical course and the changes of motor scores of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). The pontine infarction patterns were classified as basal surface infarction and deep infarction, the sides were divided into left and right, the infarct levels were divided into upper, middle, and lower according to diffusion-weighted imaging. The demographics, baseline clinical data, and imaging features were compared between the two groups. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the predictive factors of PMD after isolated pontine infarction. Results A total of 101 patients with isolated pontine infarction admitted to hospital within 48 h of onset were enroled, including 16 in the PMD group and 85 in the non-PMD group. The proportions of pontine infarction involving the basal surface (87. 5% vs. 47. 1% , χ2 = 8. 851, P = 0. 003), the infarcts on the middle levels (56. 2% vs. 24. 7% , χ2 = 4. 851, P = 0. 028), and basilar artery stenosis or occlusion (62. 5% vs. 27. 1% ,χ2 = 7. 689, P = 0. 006) of the PMD group were significantly higher than those of the non-PMD group, while the proportions of the infarcts on the left sides (18. 8% vs. 56. 5% , χ2 = 7. 664, P = 0. 006) and the infarcts on the upper levels (37. 5% vs. 72. 9% , χ2 = 7. 689, P = 0. 006) of the PMD group was significantly lower than those of the non-PMD group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that pontine infarction involving the basal surface (odds ratio 5. 650, 95% confidence interval 1. 011 - 31. 580, P = 0. 049) and basilar artery stenosis or occlusion (odds ratio 4. 075, 95% confidence interval 1. 127 - 14. 741, P = 0. 032) were the independent risk factors for PMD after isolated pontine infarction. Conclusions Infarction involving the basal surface and basilar artery stenosis or occlusion may be the predictors for PMD after isolated pontine infarction.

Leukoaraiosis (LA) complicating stroke is more common.Studies have shown that LA is closely associated with the occurrence and prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage.This article reviews the relationship between LA and primary intracerebral hemorrhage,intracerebral hemorrhage after anticoagulant and thrombolytic therapies as well as cerebral microbleeds.

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of Trk(tropomyosin receptor kinase) and Akt(protein kinase B), and to explore the neuroprotective role and its mechanism of β-NGF (β-nerve growth factor) after focal cerebral ischemia. Methods A focal cerebral ischemia rat model was made and β-NGF was injected intra abdominally. The phosphorylation of Trk and Akt were tested by immunocytochemistry and Western blot assay. Results Trk receptor was increased obviously in the penumbra area after 8 h of infarction. The level of phosphorylated Trk(p-Trk) was increased after 2 h of infarction, while the level of phosphorylated Akt(p-Akt) had a decrease and then recovered gradually. The level of p Akt in cerebral ischemia group was decreased by 76.5% compared with that in control group after 8 h of infarction(P<0. 01). After the injection of β-NGF, the level of p-Trk was increased by 74.4% after 12 h of infarction(P<0.01), while the level of p-Akt was recovered significantly after 8 h of infarction, and had no statistical difference compared with the control group after 24 h of infarction (P>0.05). Conclusions Ischemia induces the activation and increased expression of Trk receptor, andβ-NGF may play a protective role in cerebral ischemia by increasing the phosphorylation of Trk and regulating the phosphorylation of Akt.

Objective To study ocular motor function in patients with Parkinson disease.Methods Videonystagmography(VNG)was used for testing ocular saccade and smooth pursuit eye movement(SPEM)in 14 patients with idiopathic Parkinson disease and 10 age and sex-matched control subjects to compare the latency of saccades,the accuracy of saeeades and SPEMGain between two groups. Results The latency of saceades was found to be much more increased in PD group (291.23±46.25)ms than that in healthy group(244.45±23.11)ms(P＜0.05);and the accuracy of saccades was found to be decreased in PD group(87.98±6.1 6)as compared to that in healthy group (95.21±8.56)(P＜0.05).PD group was found to have more decreased SPEM gain(0.81±0.12)than that in healthy group(0.90±0.1 5)(P＜0.05). Conclusions The findings suggest that ocular motor function is abnormal in Parkinson disease patients.