Significant advancements have been made in the establishment of ethics committees within medical institu-tions.However,in order to achieve a high-quality development it is imperative to focus on such critical points as distinguishment between biomedical research and the clinical application of medical technologies,steadfast adherence to the fundamental princi-ples of ethical review,establishment of an ethics committee with independent administrative authority,establishing independent ethics review committees in large medical institutions based on specialty,and strengthening of ethical training for medical person-nel and biomedical researchers.

A 55-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital due to "recurrent chest pain for 8 months, with worsening symptoms for 2 weeks". After admission, comprehensive relevant examinations led to the consideration of a giant chronic left ventricular pseudoaneurysm caused by myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries. Surgical treatment was performed at our hospital. We discuss the diagnosis and treatment of this patient.

Objective:To explore the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) from imaging perspective by analyzing voxel-based morphology (VBM) and functional connectivity (FC) in resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).Methods:Thirty-five patients with NPSLE and 30 patients with non-NPSLE admitted to Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from June 2020 to March 2023 were enrolled; 31 healthy subjects were included as healthy control group during the same period. All subjects completed routine MRI and rs-fMRI, laboratory tests (C3, C4, IgA, IgM and IgG levels), mini-mental state examination (MMSE), hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), and fatigue scale for motor and cognitive functions (FSMC). Whole brain gray matter volume in subjects of the 3 groups was analyzed by VBM method, and the brain regions enjoying significant differences in gray matter volume between the NPSLE group and non-NPSLE group were selected as regions of interest (ROIs) for whole brain FC analysis. Partial correlation method was used to analyze the correlations of imaging indexes in brain regions enjoying significant differences with clinical indexes and imaging scores between NPSLE group and non-NPSLE group. Efficacy of imaging indexes in brain regions enjoying significant difference in differentiating NPSLE from non-NPSLE was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:(1) Covariance analysis among the 3 groups showed that the gray matter volume in the left inferior frontal gyrus of orbit, left superior frontal gyrus, right rectus gyrus, right transverse temporal gyrus, and right superior frontal gyrus was significantly different among the 3 groups ( P<0.001, FDR corrected); compared with the healthy control group, the NPSLE group had significantly reduced gray matter volume in the left inferior frontal gyrus of orbit, left superior frontal gyrus of orbit, right rectus gyrus, right transverse temporal gyrus, and right superior frontal gyrus ( P<0.001, FDR corrected); compared with the non-NPSLE group, the NPSLE group had significantly decreased gray matter volume in the left inferior frontal gyrus of orbit, right rectus gyrus, and right transverse temporal gyrus ( P<0.001, FDR corrected). (2) Whole brain FC analysis with brain regions enjoying significant differences as seed points showed that Fisher z-transformed FC (zFC) in the right transverse temporal gyrus and bilateral postcentral gyrus of the NPSLE group were significantly decreased ( P<0.001, FDR corrected). (3) Partial correlation analysis showed that, in the NPSLE group, zFC from the right transverse temporal gyrus to left posterior central gyrus was negatively correlated with disease course ( r=-0.390, P=0.027); gray matter volume in the right orbital superior frontal gyrus was negatively correlated with FSMC-cognitive ( r=-0.401, P=0.023); the gray matter volume in the right orbital superior frontal gyrus was negatively correlated with FSMC-motor ( r=-0.374, P=0.035). (4) ROC curve found that gray matter volume in the right rectus gyrus and zFC from the right transverse temporal gyrus to the right posterior central gyrus had relatively high efficacy in differentiating NPSLE from non-NPSLE, with AUC of 0.771 (95% CI: 0.658-0.885, P<0.001) and 0.794 (95% CI: 0.685-0.904, P<0.001), respectively. Conclusion:NPSLE patients have reduced gray matter volume in multiple brain regions (concentrating in the prefrontal limbic system); and reduced FC with some brain regions is noted; multiple indexes are correlated with clinical indexes.

ObjectiveTo develop a new mosquito trap and evaluate its effectiveness in Aedes albopictus monitoring in an urban community. MethodsThe first-round field test was conducted in a well-greened residential neighborhood with high Aedes albopictus density calculated by human landing catch in August 2022， in Minhang District， Shanghai. 65 new test containers with different designs were randomly deployed in the field. These trap containers were designed by different material， color， hole size， shape and top cover colors. The results of mosquito and its egg trapping were observed and recorded continuously for 7 days. In September 2022， the second round of experiment was conducted. After comparison， an optimized trap container was designed. 140 new trap containers were compared with 140 traditional ones to evaluate the effectiveness. SPSS 22.5 software was used for statistical analysis. ResultsThere were significant changes in the outcome of mosquito and its egg trapping on the 4th and 7th day of the pre-experiment deployment of the three kinds of containers. The 200 ml container cup with three round holes in the body had the best effect on trapping mosquitos and eggs， with a positive rate of 45.5% （5/11）， while other type of contrainer cup only had a positive rate of 12% （6/50） in trapping mosquitos and eggs. Statistical significant differences （χ²=45.443，P <0.001） existed between the two tpyes of cups within the first kind of trapping container. The second kind of trapping container showed round and oval holes had better effect on mosquito trapping， with a positive rate of 55.6% （5/9）. The third kind of hanging container can resist strong wind. The best mosquito trapping effect of three round holes was 66.7% （2/3）. The container wall should not be made of rough material， which was easy to cause the escape of adult mosquitoes. Combined with the three types of containers， the new contariner should be top transparent， and the top 1/3 of the side should paint black with 3 round holes. The effective recovery rate of the new container was higher than that of the traditional one under the exclusion of human factors， and had the advantage of preventing rain， wind and rollover， but the effect of trapping mosquito and its egg was comparable to the traditional one（χ²_D4=0.197，P=0.658； χ²_D7=0.125 ，P=0.724）. ConclusionThis new type of mosquito trap is worth further exploration and research， which can improve the trapping efficiency， overall recovery rate and the accurate confirmation of the mosquito density.

Objective    To explore the correlation between perioperative blood transfusion and acute kidney injury (AKI) after heart transplantation. Methods    A retrospective study was performed on 67 patients who underwent heart transplantation in the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from January 2016 to December 2018, and finally 63 patients were included according to the exclusion criteria. There were 53 males and 10 females with an average age of 44.3±12.9 years. Twenty patients who adopted continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) after heart transplantation were divided into a RT group and the other 43 patients who did not use CRRT were divided into a non-RT group. Baseline characteristics, perioperative blood transfusion data and clinical prognosis were compared between the two groups. Results    The preoperative baseline characteristics of the two groups were basically the same. There were significant differences in perioperative infusion of red blood cells and plasma, postoperative 24 h bleeding and re-exploration (P<0.05) between the two groups. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.923 (95%CI 0.852 to 0.995, P<0.001). The ROC curve showed that perioperative infusion of red blood cells more than 18 mL/kg would increase the incidence of AKI after heart transplantation. Conclusion    Perioperative blood transfusion is closely related to AKI after heart transplantation. The more blood transfusion is in clinics, the higher incidence of renal injury is and the worse prognosis is. It is suggested that various blood-saving measures can be carried out.

Objective    To investigate the prevalence, severity and consequences of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the patients who underwent total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC). Methods    The clinical data of TCPC patients in our center from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2014 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The patients with renal replacement therapy, missing serum creatinine data before operation or combined with valve procedures were excluded. We identified whether AKI was associated with hospital length of stay, ICU duration, mechanical ventilation duration, hospital acquired infection, and early mortality by univariable and multivariable analyses. Results    A total of 163 patients were included. AKI occurred in 57% of patients (n=93), mild AKI in 26.4% (n=43), moderate AKI in 12.3% (n=20) and severe AKI in 18.4% (n=30). Compared with the no AKI group, the AKI group had higher hospital acquired infection rate (15.1% vs. 0.0%, P<0.001). AKI was independently associated with hospital length of stay (median, 10 d, 95%CI  3.9-16.0,  P=0.001), ICU duration (median, 103.9, 95%CI 48.6-159.2, P<0.001) , but not associated with mechanical ventilation duration (median, 8 h vs. 7 h, P=0.529). Conclusion    Postoperative AKI in the patients undergoing TCPC is common. AKI is associated with higher hospital acquired infection rate, longer hospital length of stay and ICU duration, but not associated with mechanical ventilation duration.

Clinical features of and genetic mutations in two cases of pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ⅰ a(PHP Ⅰ a) with early-onset skin nodules were analyzed.Both of the two patients were males,and their ages at onset were 2 and 3 months respectively.They both presented with early-onset skin nodules as the main clinical manifestation,and were clinically characterized by a round face,short neck and early obesity.Histopathological examination of skin lesions showed subcutaneous ectopic osteogenesis in both patients.The first patient had low blood calcium,high blood phosphorus,high parathyroid hormone (PTH),and gene sequencing showed a heterozygous mutation c.399delT causing a T base deletion at position 399 in exon 5 of the GNAS gene.The second patient had normal blood calcium and phosphorus levels as well as normal PTH levels at early stage,and gene sequencing showed a heterozygous mutation c.939delT causing a T base deletion at position 939 in exon 9 of the GNAS gene.The blood PTH level was found to increase in the second patient after 1-year follow-up.Both the patients were confirmedly diagnosed with PHP Ⅰa.After treatment with vitamin D3,no new skin nodules occurred,and the blood calcium and phosphorus levels returned to normal.

Objective: To establish a method for in vitro expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) for clinical study and immunotherapy. Methods: CD4⁺ T cells were isolated from BALB/c spleens by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS), then cultured in 24-well plates coated with anti-CD3/CD28 microbeads in the presence of 100 U/ml interleukin-2 (IL-2) and 5 ng/ml recombinant human transforming growth factor-β (rhTGF-β). The purity of the expanded Tregs were tested by flow cytometry. In vitro inhibition of CD4⁺ CD25^-T cells response by expanded Tregs was measured by mixed lymphocyte reaction test. The number and the viability of the expanded Tregs were detemined by trypan blue staining. Results: Tregs were expanded up to 20 folds after 5 days in culture, and the activity was (93±4)%. The purity of expanded Tregs were (79.1±1.5)%, and maintained suppressive ability. Conclusions We can obtain large numbers of Tregs with highly purity and suppressive ability, thereby providing a solution to the availability of sufficient Tregs in clinical study and immunotherapy.

Objective To investigate the nursing care perception of patients, for reference of improving the evaluation methods and service level of nursing care. Methods A customized questionnaire was used to survey 357 discharged patients from June to July 2018 from the medical wards and surgical wards of two tertiary hospitals in Hangzhou. The data were subject to factor analysis. Results Four factors were extracted by a factor analysis from 20 survey items, by means of face-to-face interviews of these patients. The study showed that the patients perceive nursing care from 4 dimensions, i. e. , demand-directed nursing, information providing, nurse attitude and timely nursing. There exists strong complementarity between patients′ perception of good nursing and high quality nursing as recognized by the three-dimension model. Patients pay more attention to need fulfillment and non-technical service. Conclusions To provide high quality nursing in need, a comprehensive system should be built for general and objective evaluation of nursing care, which combines both patients′ perception and a three-dimension model.

Objective    To investigate the incidence, pathogens, risk factors and clinical outcomes for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in children after tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) surgical correction, in order to offer reliable data for the prevention of VAP. Methods    This was a retrospective study performed in Guangdong General Hospital and 181 children (121 males, 60 females, mean age of 11.2±10.4 months) undergoing surgical correction for TOF were included. ALL the children who received mechanical ventilation for 48 hours or longer between January 2013 and December 2017 were classified into a VAP group (n=44) and a non-VAP group (n=137). T test, χ2 test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to identify the possible risk factors for VAP. Results    This study enrolled 181 patients , of which 44 were diagnosed as VAP. And the incidence of VAP was 24.3%. The most frequent isolated pathogen was Gram-negative bacteria (69.7%). Single factor analysis showed that the variables significantly associated with a risk factor of VAP were: hypoxic spells, preoperative pneumonia, preoperative mechanical ventilation support, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time, reintubation, pulmonary atelectasis, low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS), intra-abdominal drainage and transfusion of fresh frozen plasma. The multiple logistic regression showed CPB time (OR=1.011), reintubation (OR=14.548), pulmonary atelectasis (OR=6.139) and LCOS (OR=3.054) were independent risk factors for VAP in children after TOF surgical correction. Patients with VAP had prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation, a longer ICU stay and longer hospitalization time. Conclusions    The VAP rate in this population is higher than that reported abroad, which   leads to prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation and a longer hospital stay. The effective measures for prevention of VAP should be taken according to the related risk factors for VAP to decrease the incidence of VAP in children after TOF surgical correction.