Objective To develop a method for rapid determination of the dissolution of cefixime capsules,to explore the consistency of the dissolution curves of the generic and reference preparations in different media,and to assess the reliability of the in vitro dissolution evaluation method according to the results of bioequivalence studies.Methods The dissolution test was performed by the paddle method at 50 r·min-1,using pH1.2 hydrochloric acid solution,pH6.8 phosphate buffer solution,pH7.5 phosphate buffer solution,and water as the dissolution media.And a high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method with a core-shell column was established to determine the dissolution curves of the generic and reference preparations respectively.The bioequivalence of the generic and reference preparations was evaluated through the bioequivalence(BE)test.Results The similarity factors(f2)of the three batches of the generic and reference preparations in the four media were greater than 60.The fasting and postprandial pharmacokinetic parameters(Cmax,AUC0-t,AUC0-∞)of the generic and reference preparations in hu-mans were all in line with the bioequivalence standard.Conclusion The in vitro dissolution behavior of the generic and refer-ence preparations was consistent,and the two preparations were bioequivalent.The method is simple and quick,and it can be em-ployed to measure the dissolution of cefixime capsules,which can provide references for the consistency evaluation of cefixime capsules.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of foodborne diseases in Karamay City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2018 to 2022, so as to provide insights into formulation of foodborne disease control measures. Methods: Active surveillance data of foodborne disease cases in Karamay City from 2018 to 2022 were collected from Foodborne Disease Monitoring and Reporting System. Population distribution, temporal distribution, spatial distribution, etiological characteristics and history of suspicious food exposure of foodborne diseases were descriptively analyzed. Results: A total of 715 cases with foodborne diseases were reported in Karamay City from 2018 to 2022, and 672 samples were detected, with a sampling rate of 93.99% and a positive rate of 4.17%. Positive rates of detected pathogens showed an increasing trend from 2018 to 2022 (P<0.05). There were 352 men (49.23%) and 363 women (50.77%), 272 cases (38.04%) were at ages of 20 to 39 years, and 225 cases (31.47%) were workers. The detection of foodborne diseases was concentrated during the period between November and December (312 cases, 43.64%), followed by the period between July and August (209 cases, 29.23%). The main clinical symptoms were digestive system symptoms (700 cases, 97.90%). Norovirus were detected (28 cases), while Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli were not detected. The suspicious food exposure was predominantly meat and meat products (211 cases, 29.51%), and the suspicious food exposure place was predominantly at food service establishments (350 cases, 48.95%). Conclusions Foodborne diseases were highly prevalent during the period between November and December and between July and August in Karamay City from 2018 to 2022. Residents at ages of 20 to 39 years and workers are high-risk populations. Meat and meat products are the main suspicious food products and dining places are the main exposed places.

Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of intra-articular injection of triptolide nanomaterials on rabbit antigen-induced knee arthritis.Methods:Twenty-seven New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups. After antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) model were induced, the knee joints of triptolide nanomaterials (TPNA) group, triptolide (TP) group and betamethasone (BS) group were injected intra-articularly under ultrasound guidance with triptolide nanomaterials, triptolide and betamethasone respectively, 7 rabbits in each group. And the other 6 rabbits were punctured but not injected with any drugs as the control group. The pathological changes of joint swelling, synovitis and bone erosion were examined. Student's test, repeated measure data of analysis of variance (ANOVA), Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal- Wallis test were used for statistical analysis. Results:① Before treatment, the knee joint diameters of the TPNA group, TP group, BS group and control group were (2.02±0.08) cm, (2.08±0.06) cm, (2.10±0.06) cm and (2.18±0.07) cm, respectively. After one week of administration, the knee joint diameters of the above groups were (1.85±0.06) cm, (1.89±0.07) cm, (1.93±0.08) cm and (2.15±0.08) cm, respectively. Knee joint swelling was significantly reduced in each treated group after a week of intra-articular injection. With the extension of treatment, the diameter of rabbit knee joints in each experimental group gradually decreased gradually ( F=58.83, P<0.01; F=53.78, P<0.01; F=68.24, P<0.01), and the diameter of rabbit knee joints in the TP group, TPNA group and BS group was significantly smaller than that of the control group ( F=63.83, P<0.01; F=71.94, P<0.01; F=140.79, P<0.01). ② The synovitis score of TP group was lower than that of the control group ( Z=-2.082, P<0.05), which was mainly mild synovitis. While the synovitis scores of TPNA group and BS group were lower than that of TP group ( Z=-2.082, P<0.05; Z=-2.687, P<0.05), most of which were free from synovitis. There was no statistical significant difference between BS group and TPNA group ( Z=-1.000, P>0.05). ③ The pathological scores of bone destruction in the TPNA group, TP group and BS group were all reduced compared with the control group ( Z=-2.505, P<0.05; Z=-2.216, P<0.05; Z=-2.505, P<0.05). There was no statistical significant difference between the TPNA group, TP group and BS group ( χ2=0.588, P>0.05). Conclusion:Intra-articular injection of triptolide nanomaterials can relieve joint swelling, reduce synovitis, and delay bone erosion. Its effect is similiar to glucocorticoid, better than simple triptolide. Triptolide nanomaterials have the potential to be an effective drug for arthritis by intra-articular injection.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between item d560 of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and the swallowing function of convalescing stroke patients.Methods:A total of 140 convalescent stroke survivors were evaluated for dysphagia using the ICF-d560 and the modified Watian drinking water test. Linear regression was used to analyze the influence of clinical factors when choosing a swallowing function assessment scale. Spearman correlation was computed to explore the correlation between ICF item d560 and the modified Watian drinking water test.Results:According to the ICF-d560 results, 10% of the patients had a mild disorder, with another 37.1% moderate, 29.3% severe and 23.6% completely dysphagic. The corresponding percentages according to the improved Watian drinking water test were 44.3% mild, 31.4% moderate and 24.3% severe. The total correlation coefficient between the two sets of results was 0.86, which was related to the stroke type, age, gender and stroke risk factors. The correlation coefficient of the cerebral infarction group was significantly higher than the cerebral hemorrhage group′s coefficient, and that of the women was slightly higher than that of the men. The strength of the correlation increased with age. The correlation coefficient was 0.84 among both diabetics and hypertension sufferers.Conclusions:Results from the ICF-d560 and the modified Wada drinking water test correlate well, which can provide a screening tool for swallowing function based on the ICF theoretical framework.

Objective: To investigate the reversibility of ischemic core defined by CT perfusion imaging in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis within different time windows and influencing factors. Methods: The data of AIS patients who received intravenous thrombolysis in the Department of Neurology of Lishui People′s Hospital from May 2016 to December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients had finished multi-model CT imaging before thrombolysis and multi-model MRI examination 24-48 hours after thrombolysis. The baseline ischemic core volume (hypoperfusion area with relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF)<30%) was quantitatively assessed based on CT perfusion images using MIStar software, and the final ischemic core volume was assessed based on diffusion weighted imaging acquired 24-48 hours after thrombolysis. The reversibility of ischemic core was defined as baseline ischemic core volume-the final infarct volume ≥5 ml. Then the clinical and imaging features of the patients between reversible group and irreversible group were compared, and the predictors of ischemic core reversibility were analyzed by binary Logistic regression analysis. Results: Finally, 97 patients were enrolled in the present study, of which 64 (66%) patients achieved successful recanalization, 51 (53%) patients with reversible baseline ischemic core. For patients with recanalization, the incidence of reversibility was 76% (26/34), 71% (17/24), 2/5 and 0 (0/1) in patients with time window from onset to thrombolysis (ONT) <3.0 h, 3.0-4.5 h, 4.6-6.0 h, and >6.0 h, respectively. In the non-recanalization group, six patients were also showed with ischemic core reversibility, including 4 (4/12) in the ONT<3.0 h group and 2 (2/12) in the ONT 3.0-4.5 h group. It was found that the reversible volume was positively correlated with baseline ischemic core volume (r=0.805, P<0.001) by Spearman correlation analysis. Finally, binary Logistic regression analysis revealed that the history of hypertension, ONT and recanalization were independent predictors of reversible changes of baseline ischemic core. Conclusions The ischemic core defined by CT perfusion imaging (rCBF<30%) was considerably inaccurate for patients with ONT<6.0 h. If recanalization could be achieved within this time window, most of the patients would manifest with ischemic core reversibility, the predictors of which also included hypertension history and ONT.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the modified Stoppa approach in the surgical treatment of pelvic fractures of Tile type C combined with acetabular both-column fractures. Methods: Between April 2014 and April 2017, a total of 14 patients were treated by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) through the modified Stoppa approach at Department of Orthopaedics, Foshan Gaoming Hospital for pelvic fractures of Tile type C combined with acetabular both-column fractures. They were 10 men and 4 women, with an average age of 36.4 years (from 23 to 57 years). The modified Stoppa approach was used exclusively in 4 cases, in combination with the iliac fossa approach in 3 ones, in combination with the Kocher-Langenbeck approach in 4 ones and in combination with the Kocher-Langenbeck and iliac fossa approaches in 3 ones. In all the patients, the pelvic reconstructive plate and screws and lag screws were used. The operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative fracture reduction, fracture union time, efficacy and complications were recorded. Results: The operation time averaged 170 min (from 110 to 330 min) and the intraoperative bleeding 420 mL (from 240 to 1 100 mL). There were no operative complications. By the Matta evaluation, the postoperative reduction was rated as excellent in the 14 pelvic fractures and 9 acetabular both-column fractures and as good in 5 acetabular both-column fractures. Of this series, 13 patients were followed up for an average of 19 months (from 12 to 29 months) and one was lost to the follow-up. The fractures got united after an average time of 3.4 months (from 2.7 to 4.6 months). Screw loosening was observed in one case and mild limitation to hip flexion in one. Follow-ups found no lateral ventral syndrome or femoral head necrosis. Their Harris hip scores at the last follow-up ranged from 70 to 94 points, averaging 84 points. The function of the affected hip was excellent in 6 cases, good in 5 and fair in 2. Conclusion The modified Stoppa approach may be used exclusively or in combination with other approaches to treat effectively the pelvic fractures of Tile type C combined with acetabular both-column fractures, leading to good short-term clinical outcomes.

Nuclear receptors are transcriptional regulators involved in almost all biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, substance metabolism and tumor formation, and they can be regulated by small molecules that bind to them. Autophagy is a special way of programmed cell death and it is a highly conserved metabolic process. Once autophagy defects or excessive autophagy occur, the disease will develop. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that nuclear receptors are related to autophagy. Therefore, this paper mainly reviews the research progress on nuclear receptors involved in the regulation of autophagy, and focuses on the mechanism of several nuclear receptors involved in the regulation of autophagy, aiming at understanding the molecular basis of how nuclear receptors participate in regulating autophagy, as well as providing possible ideas and strategies for the treatment of corresponding diseases.

Objective To compare the curative effect of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) and microendoscopic discectomy (MED) in lumbar disc herniation.Methods A literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang, CNKI. Two authors reviewed all articles individually. The methodological quality of RCTs was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool, and the quality of retrospective studies was evaluated by the modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The data was extracted by the Review Manager 5.30.Results A total of 19 articles were brought into this Meta-analysis. The outcomes were divided into primary outcomes and secondary outcomes. Excerpt for the short-term VAS score was lower in PELD group (P = 0.010), other index, including long-term VAS score (P = 0.120), ODI score (P = 0.260), complication (P = 0.100) and recurrence (P = 0.100), didn't had significant difference in two groups. The blood loss (P = 0.000), hospital stay (P = 0.000) and the length of incision (P = 0.000) were all superiority in PELD group. Whereas the operative time was shorter in MED group (P = 0.001).Conclusion PELD was a more minimally invasive and secure technique in lumbar disc herniation.

Objective To compare the operative and conservative treatments for senile dens fractures of Anderson-D Alonzo type Ⅱ or Ⅲ using Meta-analysis.Methods A literature search was conducted in PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Wanfang Data and CNKI for studies on senile dens fractures of Anderson-D Alonzo type Ⅱ or Ⅲ from the earliest records through June 2016.The relative studies identified were screened by 2 independent authors.The quality of these articles was evaluated using modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale,and the meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3.Results A total of 22 articles were brought into this Meta-analysis.The union rate was significantly higher in the operative group than in the conservative group[OR =0.30,95％ CI(0.20,0.44),P ＜ 0.001];the mortality in the operative group was significantly lower than in the conservative group[OR =0.61,95％ CI (0.39,0.96),P=0.03];the complication rate was similar in both groups[OR=1.09,95％ CI(0.76,1.57),P ＜ 0.46].The heterogeneity of all the 3 indexes was low.In the subgroup analysis,the union rate was significantly higher in posterior operations than in anterior operations or conservative treatments (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion For the elderly patients with dens fracture of type Ⅱ or Ⅲ who can tolerate surgery,operative treatment may be more suitable because it can lead to much better prognosis.

Aims To observe the effect of saccharide extracts of Yiqijianpi herb Codonopsis and Glycyrrhizae on polyamine-dependent activation of K+ channels sig-nal pathway during cell migration and to investigate their mechanism of promoting restoration in gastrointes-tinal mucosal injuries. Method The study was based on IEC-6 cell migration model. While in a normal polyamine level or polyamine was inhibited by DFMO, the effect of Codonopsis saccharide extracts and Glycyr-rhizae saccharide extracts on polyamine-dependent acti-vation of K+ channels signal pathway during cell mi-gration was observed. (1) K+ channel protein Kv1. 1 was determined by Western blot. (2)Membrane poten-tial was measured by Flow Cytometer. (3) Laser scan-ning confocal microscope was used for measuring [ Ca2+] cyt. ( 4 ) The expression of RhoA, which is Ca2+ downstream protein, was determined by Western blot. Results During cell migration, Codonopsis and Glycyrrhizae saccharide extracts could: ( 1 ) improve the expression of Kv1 . 1 protein and ameliorate the de-crease of kv1. 1 protein expression by DFMO;(2) in-crease membrane hyperpolarization and reverse mem-brane depolarization resulted by DFMO; ( 3 ) improve intracellular [ Ca2+] cyt, while Codonopsis could re-verse the decrease of [ Ca2+] cyt caused by DFMO;(4) improve the expression of RhoA protein, reversing its decline caused by DFMO. Conclusion Codonop-sis and Glycyrrhizae saccharide extracts can promote cell migration in IEC-6 cell, which is correlated with their effect on polyamine-dependent activation of K+channels signal pathway.