Objective: To explore the relative importance of different food attributes and levels in food decision making of school aged children, and to understand their meal preferences, so as to provide the evidence for formulating precise intervention strategies for dietary behaviours of school aged children. Methods: From May to June 2024, a total of 854 children aged 11 to 15 years old were selected from 2 middle schools (each school in urban and rural areas) in both Hubei Province and Anhui Province by stratified cluster random sampling method to conduct a D-optimal discrete choice experiment. The mixed Logit model was used to analyze children s preference for meal attributes and different levels, and to calculate the relative importance (RI) of attributes and willingness to pay (WTP) in meal choices. Results: The included five food attributes had statistical significance on meal choice of school aged children ( P <0.05). The relative importance of food attributes affecting the meal choices of school aged children in descending order were dining mode ( RI =31.26%), food varieties ( RI =30.56%), cooking method( RI =23.84%), taste( RI =8.06%) and price ( RI =6.27%). Among them, school aged children preferred home cooked meals ( β =0.74) (WTP=86.3 yuan),varied foods(grain/tubers+vegetables+fish, meat, eggs and beans) ( β =0.61) (WTP=71.9 yuan), fried/roasted cooking ( β =0.51) and spicy taste ( β =0.33).Price was negatively correlated with meal choices( β =-0.01) ( P <0.05). Based on residential area and body mass index (BMI), the stratified analysis showed that dining mode was highest in the relative importance for rural children with overweight and obese children ( RI =31.28%,34.17%), both of whom preferred home cooked meals ( β =0.76, 0.91), and meals containing fish, meat, eggs and beans with grain/tubers or grain/tubers and vegetables in terms of food choice (area: β =0.53, 0.53 ; BMI: β =0.55, 0.56) ( P <0.05). Conclusions School aged children have different preferences for different attributes of meals. The quality of school meals should be improved,the cost of buying healthy meals should be reduced,targeted family health education should be carried out,and healthy cooking methods should be advocated.

Objective: To investigate the precise detection methods for weak partial D type 15 and evaluate their implications for blood transfusion safety, along with the development of corresponding strategies. Methods: A combination of serological methods, including the microplate method, indirect antiglobulin tube method, and microcolumn gel card method, was employed to identify RhD-negative and RhD variant samples. RhD-negative samples were screened for the presence of RHD genes using whole-blood direct PCR amplification. Subsequently, RhD variant samples and RhD-negative samples containing RHD genes underwent full-coding-region sequencing of the RHD gene to confirm their genotypes. The genotyping results were further correlated with the serological test findings for comprehensive analysis. Results: Among 615 549 first-time healthy blood donors, 3 401 samples with an RhD-negative phenotype and 156 samples with RhD variant were identified. Of the 3 401 RhD-negative samples, 1 054 were found to harbor RHD genes. Gene sequencing analysis of the 156 RhD variants and the 1 054 serological negative samples revealed that 89 samples contained the RHD 15 (c. 845G>A) allele. Conclusion: The integration of serological testing methods and genotyping technologies for the precise determination of RhD blood type plays a critical role in ensuring the safety and compatibility of blood transfusions.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Tongluo Juanbi granules on chondrocyte apoptosis and Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway of rabbits with knee osteoarthritis （KOA） and study the mechanism of Tongluo Juanbi granules in the prevention and treatment of KOA. MethodThirty New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to the following five groups （n=6）： sham group， model group， low-dose and high-dose groups of Tongluo Juanbi granules （4.1 and 8.2 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and celecoxib group （10.9 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）. The KOA model was established by destabilization of the medial meniscus （DMM） for six weeks. Six weeks after the modeling， the drug was given once a day for eight weeks. The pathological changes of cartilago articularis were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Safranin O-Fast Green staining. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） staining was performed to detect chondrocyte apoptosis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the contents of interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in synovial fluid. The mRNA and protein expression levels of genes related to the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot， respectively. ResultCompared with the sham group， the cartilago articularis of the model group significantly degenerated. Mankin's score was increased （P<0.01）， and the contents of IL-1β and TNF-α in synovial fluid were increased （P<0.01）. The number of apoptosis of chondrocytes was increased （P<0.01）. The mRNA and protein expressions of TLR4， MyD88， and NF-κB p65 in cartilage tissue were up-regulated （P<0.01）， while the mRNA and protein expressions of Bcl-2 were down-regulated （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， chondrocyte degeneration in both low-dose and high-dose groups of Tongluo Juanbi granules was improved， and Mankin's score was decreased （P<0.01）. The contents of IL-1β and TNF-α were decreased （P<0.01）， and the number of apoptosis of chondrocytes was decreased （P<0.01）. The mRNA and protein expressions of TLR4， MyD88， and NF-κB p65 in cartilage tissue were down-regulated （P<0.01）， while the mRNA and protein expressions of Bcl-2 were up-regulated （P<0.01）. In addition， in the above observation indicators， the high-dose group of Tongluo Juanbi granules was significantly superior to the low-dose group of Tongluo Juanbi granules. ConclusionTongluo Juanbi granules could inhibit chondrocyte apoptosis in rabbits with KOA and improve cartilage degeneration， which may be related to inhibiting inflammatory responses mediated by TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of hemodialysis patients with corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)in a single-center from Beijing.Methods:Patients with COVID-19 who re-ceived regular hemodialysis at Peking University Third Hospital from November 30,2022 to January 4,2023 were selected as the study objects.Clinical symptoms,severity and duration of symptoms during the period of virus positive were investigated in the form of questionnaires,and the basic information of the patients,as well as the results of blood tests(routine blood and blood biochemistry,etc.)before and af-ter infection,dialysis treatment and the outcome of the disease were collected by consulting medical re-cords.Results:A total of 203 subjects were included in this study,including 148 mild cases(72.91％),23 medium cases(11.33％),32 severe and critical cases(15.76％),and 16(7.88％)deaths occured during the follow-up.Clinical symptoms mainly included respiratory symptoms(among which 81.77％had cough,68.97％had expectoration),fever(81.28％)and fatigue(65.52％),and fatigue and weakness had the longest duration[9(5,15)days]among all symptoms.Twenty-six patients(12.8％)reduced the dialysis sessions[1(1,2)times],25 patients(12.32％)had the behavior of early finishing dialysis(27 times),reducing the dialysis time by 30.0(20.0,30.5)minutes.Univa-riate analysis showed that the hemoglobin,creatinine,urea nitrogen and ultrafiltration decreased signi-ficantly after infection(P＜0.05).There were significant differences in age,albumin,hemoglobin,creatinine levels and vascular access types among the patients with different clinical subtypes,and the changes of dialysis sessions,fever,expectoration and fatigue degree were also different among the patients with different clinical subtypes(P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age(OR=1.051,95％CI:1.017-1.086,P=0.003)and albumin levels(OR=0.905,95％CI:0.803-1.019,P=0.098)corrected by fever,expectoration and fatigue levels were still associated with the oc-currence of pneumonia.Conclusion:The morbidity of pneumonia and the proportion of deaths in hemo-dialysis patients with COVID-19 were higher,and some clinical symptoms lasted for a longer time than the general population.During the infection period,the incidence of dialysis-related complications in-creased,hemoglobin and nutritional status decreased.Elderly patients and patients with low albumin level had a higher risk of developing pneumonia after infection.

Objective To determine whether four-and-a-half LIM-only protein 2(FHL2)can affect macrophage foa-ming by regulating nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)signaling pathway.Methods FHL2 over-expression plasmids and siRNA of FHL2 were constructed and transfected into human monocyte/macrophages cell line THP-1.Western blot was used to detect the expression of FHL2.The cells were stimulated with oxidized low density lipoprotein(ox-LDL)and the expression of IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α and other cytokines were detected by ELISA.Oil red O staining was used to detect the degree of cell foaming.The protein expression of NF-κB signaling pathway was detected by Western blot.Results The expression of FHL2 increased after transfected with FHL2 over-expression plasmids while decreased in si-FLH2 transfected cells.FHL2 down-regulated secretion of inflammatory cytokines.Down-regulation of FHL2 allevi-ated THP-1 macrophage foaming.The down-regulation of FHL2 inhibited activation of NF-κB signaling pathway,while the over-expression FHL2 showed an opposite trend.Conclusions FHL2 down-regulation inhibits the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway,reduces the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and alleviates foaming of macrophages.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features,molecular genetics and prognosis of high grade B cell lymphoma with concurrent MYC rearrangement and 11q aberra-tions(HGBCL-MYC-11q).MethodsThree cases of HGBCL-MYC-11q were reviewed and analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin staining,immunohistochemistry,EBER in situ hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization.Clinical data were collected with follow-up.Results All three patients were male,age was 10,61,and 74 years,respectively.All patients had Ann Arbor stage Ⅳ disease.All three cases were biopsies occurring in the nasopharynx,upper pharynx and ileocecus,respectively.Three cases were morphologically similar to diffuse infiltrative growth of tumor cells,moderate or moderately large cells,round to slightly irregular nuclei and easily visible mitotic figures.Focal necrosis was noted in one case.One case exhibited the distinct"starry sky"pattern.All cases expressed CD20,BCL6 and MUM1 and high Ki67 index,two cases expressed CD10 and two cases ex-pressed BCL2.CD3,CD30 and TDT were all negative.EBER in situ hybridization was all negative.FISH analyses using C-MYC break-apart probes were all positive and all cases had 11q aberrations.One case only had the 11q23.3 amplification;and one case only had the 11q24.3 loss.After a follow-up for 1-18 months,one patient died and two patients survived with disease.ConclusionHGBCL-MYC-11q is rare,morphologically similar to BL/HGBCL,with MYC rearrangement and 11q abnormali-ties.We should enhance awareness of the disease and improve more accurate diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the disease.

The prevalence of periodontal disease in Chinese population is more than 90％.The present treatment techniques can only control the development of the disease,inducement of bone tissue regeneration is a promising strategy and a challenge for the treatment.Exosomes are multivesicle structures derived from endosomes.More and more studies have been conducted on their application in perio-dontal regeneration.This paper reviews the application of exosome in periodontal regeneration in recent years,which is expected to pro-vide new idea for periodontal regeneration therapy.

BACKGROUND:In the offspring of obese mothers,some metabolic genes are"silent"under certain environmental influences.These"silent"genes may be"awakened"under the acquired environment and then cause metabolic regulation disorders. OBJECTIVE:In the case of offspring with different diets,to explore the metabolic genetic effects of long-term high-fat and exercise intervention in female mice. METHODS:Seventy 3-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were divided into high-fat diet(HFD)and high-at exercise groups(high-fat diet+exercise,HFD-Ex),and they gave birth naturally after 16 weeks of intervention.After 4-week lactation,16 male offspring mice from each group were randomly selected.Totally 32 offspring mice were randomly divided into 4 subgroups and given high-fat diet or standard chow diet for 6 weeks:HFD-HFD,HFD-Ex-HFD,HFD-standard chow diet,and HFD-Ex-standard chow diet.The offspring mice were subjected to glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test in the 10th week,followed by body composition analysis and sacrifice.Western blot was used to determine the level of p-Akt in the liver.Immunofluorescence of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus was used to analyze the expression of neuropeptide Y and pro-opiomelanocortion. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Under the high-fat diet,compared with the HFD group,the offspring of the HFD-Ex group had significantly improvements in glucose metabolism,body mass,and body composition(P＜0.05).Under the standard chow diet,compared with the HFD group,the expression of neuropeptide Y in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of the HFD-Ex group was significantly decreased(P＜0.05),and the expression of pro-opiomelanocortion was significantly up-regulated(P＜0.05).In the case of insulin(-),the expression of phosphorylated Akt(Ser473)protein in the liver showed no significant difference between the two groups,but in the case of insulin(+),there was a significant difference between the two groups(P＜0.05).In the high-fat diet mode,the metabolic protection effect of the maternal long-term exercise may gradually weaken with the prolongation of the offspring's high-fat exposure;in the standard chow diet mode,the maternal long-term exercise can improve the central regulation of energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity of the male offspring.

BACKGROUND:Due to the complex physiological environment of the human body,a wide variety of simulated physiological fluids have been chosen for the current degradation experiments.Therefore,it is of great interest to analyze the degradation behavior of Mg-Zn-Ca alloys in different simulated body fluid environments. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the degradation process and property changes of Mg-Zn-Ca alloy in different simulated body fluids,and to clarify the influence of Ca content and simulated body fluid type on the alloy. METHODS:Mg-Zn-Ca alloys with calcium content of 0.2%,0.5%and 1%were prepared by melting extrusion molding process and were named Mg-Zn-0.2Ca,Mg-Zn-0.5Ca and Mg-Zn-1Ca alloys in turn,with Mg-Zn alloy as the control.The prepared alloys were placed into three simulated body liquids(physiological saline,PBS and Hank's solution),and the morphology,compositional changes,mass loss,pH value and mechanical properties were characterized and analyzed during the degradation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)With the extension of degradation time,a large number of nanoscale lamellae and columnar structures were generated on the surface of the degraded alloy,and the main components were MgO and Mg(OH)2.The degradation rate of the four kinds of alloys in physiological saline was the fastest,and that in Hank's solution was the slowest.The degradation rate in physiological saline was as follows:Mg-Zn

BACKGROUND:Observational studies have suggested that statin drugs may have a protective effect on bone density,making them a potential treatment option for osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the causal relationship between drug target-mediated lipid phenotypes and bone mineral density(BMD)using Mendelian randomization methods. METHODS:We obtained single nucleotide polymorphismsrelated to statin drugs and BMD data from the IEU Open GWAS database.The primary analysis method was the inverse variance weighted method,and we also used weighted median,simple median,weighted mode,and MR-Egger regression.We usedβ values and 95%confidence intervals(CI)to assess the causal relationship between statin drugs and BMD.Additionally,we conducted sensitivity analyses to validate the results,assessed heterogeneity using Cochran's Q test,examined for horizontal pleiotropy using the MR-Egger intercept test,and performed leave-one-out analyses to determine if individual or multiplesingle nucleotide polymorphism influenced the results. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There was a significant association between the statin target of action,3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase-mediated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,and heel bone BMD(β=-0.086,95%CI:-0.117 to-0.055,P=5.42×10-8)and whole-body BMD(β=-0.193,95%CI:-0.288 to-0.098,P=7.35×10-5).The findings of this study support the protective effect of statin drugs on BMD.These findings not only deepen our understanding of the relationship between cholesterol-related genes and bone health but also reveal potential therapeutic targets for improving BMD.