Monopolar spindle 1, also known as threonine and tyrosine kinase (TTK), is a key component of spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). It is considered to be a monitoring mechanism to ensure mitotic fidelity and genomic stability. TTK is overexpressed in a variety of malignant tumors, and patients with low expression of TTK tend to have a longer survival time, suggesting that it may be used as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis. Abnormal expression of TTK often impairs the function of SAC, resulting in irregular mitosis, increased aneuploidy and mitotic disaster, thus promoting the occurrence of tumors. Current studies have shown that TTK inhibitors can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to therapy in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy to achieve sensitization and attenuated effects. This article will review the research and application of TTK and its inhibitors in malignant tumors.

BACKGROUND: Most of evidence-based studies include both adult degenerative scoliosis and adult idiopathic scoliosis, which lead to indirectness in the results, and suppress the promotion of the evidence.OBJECTIVE: To systematically analyze the current clinical researches, and to review the curative efficacy of lateral lumbar interbody fusion for adult degenerative scoliosis.METHODS: A computer-based research of Medline, EMBASE, CENTRAL, WanFang and CNKI databases from December 2015 to December 2016, was performed with the key words of lateral lumbar interbody fusion, direct lumbar interbody fusion, extreme lateral interbody fusion, minimal invasive surgery, adult scoliosis. The articles were screened based on the inclusion criteria, and the clinical symptom improvement and radiological changes were analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 13 articles were included. In the treatment of adult degenerative scoliosis, lateral lumbar interbody fusion shows less blood loss, short hospitalization time, significantly improved symptoms, satisfactory correction at the coronal plane, and low incidence of long-term complications. However, it has the poor correction at the sagittal plane and high incidence of short-term postoperative complications. Therefore, intraoperative neurologic monitoring is necessary and the combination with internal fixation has obtained good effectiveness.

Objective To explore the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens causing bloodstream infection in patients in a general intensive care unit (GICU),and provide reference for the prevention of bloodstream infection and rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods From January 2011 to December 2013,clinical data of patients who were diagnosed with bloodstream infection were reviewed retrospectively,detected pathogens and drug resist-ance were analyzed statistically.Results The major pathogens isolated from 385 patients with positive blood culture were gram-negative bacilli,which accounting for 62.34%;isolation rate of gram-positive cocci and fungi was 27.01 % and 10.65% respectively.The top five pathogens were Escherichia coli (18.18%),Pseudomonas aerugi-nosa (16.10%),Staphylococcus aureus (15.59%),Acinetobacter baumannii (13.25%),and Klebsiella pneumoni-ae (9.09%).The detection rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus was 72.55% and 68.34% respectively.Gram-negative bacilli was most sensitive to imipen-em and amikacin (resistant rate was 0 -35.65%).Conclusion Gram-negative bacilli are the main pathogens in blood culture from GICU in this hospital,and drug-resistant rates are high.It’s important to strengthen blood cul-ture of patients with suspected septicemia,use antimicrobial agents rationally and control infection effectively.