Cohort study of children and adolescents health is an ideal method to explore health-related problems from childhood to adulthood, to which more attention has been paid. This paper summarizes the progress in cohort study of children and adolescents health conducted both at home and abroad by introducing the study design, main contents. Emphasizing the international exchange and cohort integration, continuously expanding cohort research field, and using multi-source data for high-quality follow-up have become the trend of cohort study of children and adolescents health.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of the "Interner Plus-based AIDS Comprehensive Prevention Service System" among MSM who frequently using the Internet in Guangzhou. Methods: An online survey was conducted among MSM who were recruited through gay-website portals between August and September, 2018 in Guangzhou, to collect information regarding the use of and attitudes on the "Interner Plus-based AIDS Comprehensive Prevention Service System" . Logistic regression was used to explore the association between the use of Internet intervention tools and related behavioral characteristics. Information on the awareness of AIDS, HIV testing, and condomless anal sex behavior were compared between the core or non-core services users. Results: A total of 777 Internet-based MSM were recruited as participants including 638 men (82.1%) as core service users. MSM were satisfied in using the the "Interner Plus-based AIDS Comprehensive Prevention Service System" while more than 80.0% of the users felt that the tools were helpful in: increasing the HIV awareness, promoting test uptake, and reducing those related risk behavior. Comparing with those who did not use the tools, the users showed higher rates in practising condomless anal intercourse (1.50-1.86 times), commercial sex with men (11.60-21.21 times), and unprotected vaginal intercourse (13.62-20.67 times), in the last 6 months. Proportions of core service users appeared as: [96.6% vs. 74.8%, aOR (95%CI): 8.80 (4.85-15.97)] on HIV testing, [56.4% vs. 22.3%, aOR (95%CI): 4.54 (2.94-7.02)] on regular HIV testing and [86.2% vs. 80.6%, aOR (95%CI): 1.75 (1.06-2.89)] on awareness of HIV knowledge respectively, which were all significantly higher than the non-core service users. Conclusions The frequent Internet using MSM in Guangzhou claimed to have had high acceptance and satisfaction on the local Internet HIV intervention service tools. The "Internet Plus-based AIDS Comprehensive Prevention Service System" had effectively reached the high-risk subgroups of MSM, increasing the awareness on related risk and promoting testing on HIV.

Objective To explore the effects of C/EBPα knockout in podocyte on diabetic nephropathy and its mechanisms.Methods C/EBPαloxp/loxp mice were crossed with podocin-cre mice to obtain F1 hybrids and then propagated until homozygous mice (C/EBPαf/f) were obtained.Diabetic nephropathy (DN) models were established by low-dose streptozotocin (STZ,100 mg/kg) administration after 25 weeks of normal diet or 45％ high-fat diet treatment,and biochemical indicators of blood and urea were measured.The morphological characteristics and the proteins regulating oxidative stress and mitochondrial function were detected.Results The type 2 DN models were successfully constructed based on transgenic mice.The kidneys of 8-month-old C/EBPαf/f mice did not show obvious morphological changes,but after constructing DN models,they showed obvious renal impairment,inflammation and oxidative stress.Compared with wild-type DN mice,the protein levels of nephrin and E-cadherin in DN C/EBPαf/f mice with DN were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.01);fibronectin and Nrf2 protein levels were all increased (all P ＜ 0.05).Keap1,phospho-AMPK and mitochondrial function related genes Pgc-1α protein levels were all decreased (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Podocyte C/EBPα knockout exacerbates diabetic nephropathy by promoting fibrosis and inhibiting Pgc-1α-mediated mitochondrial antioxidant function.

Objective To analyze the motivation of Chinese patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) who have stopped the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). Methods Forty-seven CML patients who have stopped TKI provided informed consent prior to their participation in the study. These patients were divided into relapse and non-relapse group at the endpoint of the observation. None of the patients received any CML-associated therapies after TKI cessation. The reasons of withdrawal were analyzed statistically. Results The reasons for cessation included patient's request due to cost(59.57 %, 28/47), patient's plan to getting pregnant(8.52 %,4/47),side-effect of TKI(23.40 %,11/47)and other reasons(8.52 %,4/47).At the endpoint of observation, 23 patients suffered molecular relapse. Among them, 15 cases (65.22 %) were due to cost; 1 case (4.35 %) was due to getting pregnant, 5 cases (21.74 %) were due to side-effect and 2 cases (8.69 %) were due to other reasons. There was more frequency relapse in the group of insufficient cost. Conclusion The motivation of Chinese CML patients who have stopped TKI might show impact on the outcome,and the motivation is mainly related with history of drug reduction and withdrawal.

Objective To understand genetic mutation sites in linezolid (LZD)-sensitive and inducible resistant strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) using whole-genome sequencing,and realize mutation sites of LZD-resistant gene.Methods MRSA-MS4 with explicit genotype and whole-genome sequences was induced by LZD of different concentration gradients,LZD-resistant strain MRSA-MS4-LZD100 was obtained,minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) was detected,domain V of 23S rRNA and ribosomal proteins L3/L4 gene in MRSAMS4-LZD100 were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR),the sequenced products obtained the corresponding mutation site in contrast with the wild-type strain;Illumina PE library was constructed through paired-end sequencing by Illumina HiSeq 2000 technique,and whole genome sequencing was completed based on bioinformatics.Results MRAS-MS4-LZD100 strain was induced after 32 passages,MIC of LZD was 96 μg/mL.Sequencing of PCR products indicated the genetic variations were G2447T mutation in multiple copies of domain V of 23S rRNA gene,and Gly113Val mutation in L3 protein respectively;the whole genome of MRSA-MS4-LZD100 contained 2 744 315 bp,annotation of the whole genome found a total of 2 509 genes,11 tRNA-encoding genes and 2 entire rRNA-encoding operons.The data were submitted to the PubMed,and the GeneBank accession number JXMJ00000000 was assigned;a total of 101 SNPs and 6 Small indels were found,16 of 101SNP mutations occurred in exon,of which the variant proteins with anmino acid sequence alterations included IstB ATP binding domain-containing protein,clumping factor A,IS1272 transposase and so on;3 of 6 Small indel mutations occurred in exon,of which the variant proteins with anmino acid sequence alterations included hypothetical protein,30S ribosomal protein S1,and clumping factor A.Conclusion LZD-resistant strain MRSA-MS4-LZD100 was successfully induced by LZD;beside 23S rRNA V domain and ribosomal L3 protein,the other mutant site exist in this resistant strain,which provide some direction for subsequent study of recessive LZD resistance mechanism.

Objective To analyze the genomic evolution characteristics of pathogenicity islands (PAIs)in Deng strain of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (E.coli,EPEC Deng).Methods EPEC Deng was isolated from infant stool specimen,serotypes were identified and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed;whole-genome se-quencing was performed by Illumina 2000 system,the locations of prophages(PPs)in the chromosome were detected using PHAST software,collinearity analysis was performed by MUMmer software,phylogenetic trees of homolo-gous gene were constructed in order to understand the evolutional rule of homology gene.PAIs prediction was per-formed using PAI finder software,the homologous evolutionary rule of PAIs core region(LEE)and core genes were clarified,genetic polymorphism was analyzed.Results The serotype of EPEC Deng strain was O119:H6,the strain was resistant to ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin,and ampicillin,but sensitive to other antimicrobial agents.The complete circular chromosome contained 5 025 482 bp with a GC content of 50.52 %,and the plasmid contained 207 564 bp with a GC content of 49.50%.A total of 17 PPs in the chromosomal genome were discovered,phyloge-netic trees analysis suggested that EPEC Deng strain was highly homologous with O26:H11 and O111 :H strains;PAIs and core genes were highly homologous with RDEC-1 and O26:H413/89-1 strains;genetic diversity analysis showed that the intimin (eae)and its receptor tir had high polymorphism,with the pi (π)value>0.10,the genes in type III secretion system was relatively stable.Conclusion The study clarified the genomic evolution characteris-tics of EPEC Deng genome and it’s PAIs,and is helpful for understanding genetic characteristics of native EPEC.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) PTEN pseudogene 1 (PTENP1) on the proliferation and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Methods Lentiviral vectors expressing PTENP1 were constructed. HCC cells BEL-7404 were infected with LV003-GFP-PTENP1 and control vectors LV003-GFP. BEL-7404 cells stably expressing PTENP1 were constructed and the experimental and control groups were established. The proliferation and clone formation abilities of HCC cells in two groups were detected by CCK-8 assay and clonogenic assay. The migration ability of HCC cells was detected by wound healing assay. The expression of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and p38 MAPK proteins were detected by Western blot. Results The absorbance values A450 of the cells at 48 and 72 h in the experimental group were 1.4±0.3 and 2.3±1.1, signiifcantly lower compared with 3.2±1.7 and 3.4±1.1 in the control group (t=-5.78,-4.23;P<0.05). The number of cell clone formation in the experimental group was 55±12, signiifcantly less than 154±45 in the control group (t=-3.98, P<0.05). The percentage of cell migration in the experimental group was (21.7±2.6)%, signiifcantly lower than (57.7±4.9)%in the control group (t=-8.34, P<0.05). Western blot revealed that the expression of p44/42 MAPK and p38 MAPK proteins in the experimental group was significantly down-regulated compared with those in the control group. Conclusion lncRNA PTENP1 can inhibit the proliferation and migration of HCC cells probably through regulating MAPK signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of full-length spleen tyrosine kinase [SYK (L)] mRNA and protein in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as well as its possible effects on the invasion and metastasis of OSCC.

METHODSThe expression of SYK (L) was detected in 27 cases of OSCC tissues and its matched adjacent non-cancerous tissues by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Fourteen cases of normal oral gingival tissues were also analyzed as a normal control.

RESULTSReduced mRNA and protein expression of SYK (L) in OSCC tissues was observed compared with that in normal oral gingival tissues (P<0.01) and adjacent non-cancerous tissues (P<0.05). SYK(L) expression was significantly associated with lymph-node metastasis (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSYK(L) is a candidate tumor suppressor for OSCC tissues, and has an inhibitive effect on the initiation, proliferation, and lymph-node metastasis of human OSCC.

Blotting, Western ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Mouth Neoplasms ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; Syk Kinase ; metabolism

Objective To compare the effect of occupy effects of tumor in situ before surgery(OETS) and after neurosurgery (ANS) on neuroendocrine dysfunction and grading of neuroendocrine function in children with craniopharyngioma. Methods The grading evaluation criteria of neuroendocrine dysfunction in children with craniopharyngioma were drew up according to references and the endocrine feedback principle. Based on these grading evaluation criteria, the clinical date of 227 cases of children with craniopharyngioma who underwent neurosurgical treatment were retrospectively studied. These children were divided into pre-pubertal group (167 cases) and pubertal group (60 cases). The neuroendocrine impairment status before and after the surgery were evaluated separately. Results Among 227 children with craniopharyngioma, after the surgery, the incidence of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid dysfunction increased from 16.74%(38/227) to 67.40%(153/227), the incidence of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland dysfunction increased from 14.54%(33/227) to 44.49%(101/227), and the the incidence of pituitary function impairment increased from 17.62%(40/227) to 21.15%(48/227). Meanwhile, the incidence of body temperature dysregulation, sleeping disorder, personality abnormality and cognitive abnormality all increased after the surgery. The scoring and grading on neuroendocrine dysfunction in pre-pubertal group were increased after the surgery (Z=-5.20, P<0.01; Z=-4.94, P<0.01,). The scoring and grading on neuroendocrine dysfunction in pubertal group were increased after the surgery( Z=-4.10, P<0.01;Z=-4.25, P<0.01). Conclusions Both the mass effect of tumor in situ of craniopharyngioma and the neurosurgical treatment can be harmful to the neuroendocrine function. Even though the surgery can remove the mass effect of tumor in situ in the saddle area, it can increase the level of grading of neuroendocrine dysfunction. The status of neuroendocrine dysfunction can be evaluated by the grading evaluation criteria of neuroendocrine dysfunction in children with craniopharyngioma, which then provides an effective evaluation tool for the reconstruction and rehabilitation of neuroendocrine function.

Objective To evaluate the effects of modified encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis (EDAS) on Moyamoya diseases (MMD) by single photon emission tomography (SPECT).Methods Thirty-six patients with MMD (29 with ischemic MMD and 7 with hemorrhagic MMD),admitted to our hospital from January 2011 to December 2013 and treated by modified EDAS,were chosen in our study;all the patients were followed up by SPECT,and the images changes before and after modified EDAS were compared.Results In the 36 MMD patients,41 hemisheres were treated by modified EDAS; the total improvement rate was 56.1％ (23/41),enjoying increased cerebral blood flow after EDAS; in ischemic MMD patients,the total improvement rate was 58.8％ (20/34),while those was 42.9％ (3/7) in hemorrhagic MMD patients.Conclusion The cerebral blood flow is improved obviously when MMD is treated by modified EDAS,especial on ischemic MMD patients.