NDFIP1 has been previously reported as a tumor suppressor in multiple solid tumors, but the function of NDFIP1 in NSCLC and the underlying mechanism are still unknown. Besides, the WW domain containing proteins can be recognized by NDFIP1, resulted in the loading of the target proteins into exosomes. However, whether WW domain-containing transcription regulator 1 (WWTR1, also known as TAZ) can be packaged into exosomes by NDFIP1 and if so, whether the release of this oncogenic protein via exosomes has an effect on tumor development has not been investigated to any extent. Here, we first found that NDFIP1 was low expressed in NSCLC samples and cell lines, which is associated with shorter OS. Then, we confirmed the interaction between TAZ and NDFIP1, and the existence of TAZ in exosomes, which requires NDFIP1. Critically, knockout of NDFIP1 led to TAZ accumulation with no change in its mRNA level and degradation rate. And the cellular TAZ level could be altered by exosome secretion. Furthermore, NDFIP1 inhibited proliferation in vitro and in vivo, and silencing TAZ eliminated the increase of proliferation caused by NDFIP1 knockout. Moreover, TAZ was negatively correlated with NDFIP1 in subcutaneous xenograft model and clinical samples, and the serum exosomal TAZ level was lower in NSCLC patients. In summary, our data uncover a new tumor suppressor, NDFIP1 in NSCLC, and a new exosome-related regulatory mechanism of TAZ.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism* ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism* ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Exosomes/metabolism* ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics* ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism* ; Transcriptional Coactivator with PDZ-Binding Motif Proteins/metabolism*

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for organisms. Se deficiency will cause diseases such as Keshan disease and Kashin-Beck in human being, and huge loss to animal husbandry. Currently available Se supplements have such problems as low Se content, poor bioavailability, and poor safety. Chlorella pyrenoidosa can produce bioavailable and safe organic Se under suitable conditions, which is thus a promising Se supplement. Therefore, in this study, we tried to improve the Se tolerance and accumulation of C. pyrenoidosa by directional adaptation. To be specific, we gradually increased the concentration of Na₂SeO₃ in medium to domesticate C. pyrenoidosa and optimized the adapting time and concentration gradient of Na₂SeO₃ during the adaptation. The results showed that the adapted C. pyrenoidosa was more tolerant to Se and had stronger Se enrichment ability. In 5 L fermenter, the adapted strains could tolerate 40 mg/L Na₂SeO₃ and the synthesis rate of organic Se was 175.6% higher. Then, Se addition method in the 5 L fermenter was optimized. The result demonstrated that addition of Na₂SeO₃ at 40 mg/L during heterotrophic culture achieved the final dry weight of C. pyrenoidosa cells at 106.4 g/L, content of organic Se at 1 227 mg/kg, and synthesis rate of organic Se at 1.36 mg/(L·h). Compared with the reported highest cell density of 75 g/L and the highest organic Se content of 560 mg/kg, the corresponding figures in this study were 41.9% and 119.1% higher, respectively. In conclusion, directional adaptation can remarkably improve the Se tolerance and enrichment of C. pyrenoidosa.
Animals ; Humans ; Selenium/pharmacology* ; Chlorella ; Heterotrophic Processes

Objective:To identify age and gender standardized body mass index among children and adolescents and explore their associations with high blood pressure (HBP) in late adolescence.Methods:The current study was based on the Health Promotion Program for Children and Adolescents, school-based surveillance successively conducted from 2012 to 2019 in Suzhou, China. A total of 11 812 children and adolescents aged 16-18 years, who had ≥4 examination records during 2012-2018 and were also involved in a surveillance program in 2019, were included. Latent class growth mixture modeling was used to identify the BMI-Z trajectories in different genders, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between different BMI-Z trajectories and risk of HBP in late adolescence.Results:Six distinct BMI-Z trajectories were determined for both genders:thin, slightly thin,standard, declining, overweight, and obese. Compared with the regular group, the obesity group had 94.0% ( OR=1.94, 95% CI: 1.43-2.63) and 107.0% ( OR=2.07, 95% CI: 1.33-3.22) increased risk of developing HBP in late adolescence in boys and girls, respectively. However, a neutral association was found between the descending group and HBP in late adolescence. Conclusions:Persistent obesity in children may increase the risk of HBP in their late adolescence. If an obese child restores normal weight before late adolescence, the risk of HBP may reduce.

Objective　We established a model by using microfluidic chip that is a horizontal side by side diffusion system through microporous separating three adjacent channels in a triple-culture using neurons,astrocytes,and bEnd.3.Methods　(1)In the in vitro microphysiological system of neurovascular unit,we identified the seed density,seed time,seed sequence and seed method.(2)We adopt the repeated measures data of ANOVA to see whether there is significant difference in the viability when the three cell types are tri-cultured and separately mono-cultured.Results　(1) In the novel in vitro NVU model,the seed density of the neurons,astrocytes and bEnd.3 is 5×10^6~10×10^6 /ml,3×10^5~8×10^5个/ml and 1×10^5~5×10^5/ml.The seed sequence is from neurons to astrocytes to bEnd.3.The seed time is that after the previous seeded cells enter the exponential phase,the next cells will be seeded.(2)We adopt the repeated measures data of ANOVA to see whether there is significant difference in the viability when the three cell types are tri-cultured and separately mono-cultured.Conclusion　In this study,neurons,astrocytes and bEnd.3 were tri-cultured by using microfluidic chip.In this tri-culture model,these three kinds of cells have high cell viability.

From 1978 to 2019, the cause of neurosurgery in China has developed rapidly, and the surgical treatment of pituitary adenoma has achieved good results.. This article focuses on the surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas from imaging techniques, surgical techniques and anesthesia techniques, and looks forward to the future.

Objective To investigate the burden status quo of caregivers in stroke patients with home enteral nutrition and to analyze the factors influencing the caregivers burden.Methods A total of 202 direct caregivers in stroke patients with enteral nutrition treatment during hospitalization period in this hospital and continued home enteral nutrition after discharge from hospital were collected as the study subjects.The Caregiver Burden Inventory,Self—Rating Anxiety Scale,Self—Rating Depression Scale,patients and caregivers general condition questionnaire were adopted to conduct the survey.The burden level status of caregivers and its related influencing factors were statistically analyzed.Results The results showed that the burden total score in 202 caregivers receiving the investigation was (50.17± 9.75) points.The univariate analysis results showed that that the age of caregivers,family income per capita level,whether caregivers having negative emotions (anxiety or depression),care time,NIHSS scores of patients and feeding mode burden score had statistical differences (P＜0.05).The multivariate analysis results showed that the care time of caregivers,feeding mode,accompanying anxietyor depression in caregivers,NIHSS scores of patients were the main influencing factors of caregivers burden(P＜0.05).Conclusion The caregivers have a great burden in caring the patients,which should arouse attention.

Objective To study the etiology,diagnosis and treatment of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC).Methods Clinical data of 78 cases with xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (confirmed by postoperative pathology) from January 1985 to December 2012 were reviewed retrospectively.Results All 78 cases underwent ultrasonography,50 cases did CT scan.Preoperative diagnosis included chronic calculous cholecystitis in 60 cases,gallbladder carcinoma with cholelithiasis in 8 cases,gallbladder space-occupying lesions in 10 cases.Among those 68 cases of tentative gallstone disease,67 cases were with gallbladder neck incarcerated stones.Surgery were performed in all 78 cases including cholecystectomy in 48 cases,partial cholecystectomy or subtotal resection in 13 eases,cholecystectomy with partial hepatic wedge resection in 12 cases.Intraoperatively 5 cases were misdiagnosed as the carcinoma of the gallbladder and underwent partial liver resection along with cholecystectomy.17 cases underwent choledocholithotomy.2 cases suffered from hepatic duct injury and received Roux-en-Y hepatojejunal anastomosis.Conclusions XGC is a special type of chronic cholecystitis,and accompanied by yellow granuloma formation.Preoperative diagnosis of XGC is often difficult,the definite diagnosis depends on intraoperative fiozen and postoperative paraffin pathology.

In the present study,healthy adults who had been residing at the average altitudes of 6,2260,and 2800 m for 10 years were recruited,and the number of red blood cells,the levels of hemoglobin,and HbA1C were tested.The results showed that the level of HbA1C in altitude 2800 m group was higher compared with the other 2 groups(5.80％ ± 0.50％ vs 5.39％ ± 0.47％,P＜0.05 ).Therefore,this difference should be considered when diagnosis and treatment for diabetes mellitus were made in the region.

Sixty-one newly-diagnosed diabetic patients from high altitude area were treated individually plus metformin 1.5 g/d for 14 days. The difference of oxygen partial pressure was 3.5 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0. 133kPa) between altitude 2 260 m and 2 780 m districts. In these patients, their serum lactic acid was increased before treatment. At altitude 2 780 m district, serum lactic acid in middle-aged and elder groups were even higher [(3.90±0.85 vs 3.65±0.70), (4. 67±0.80 vs 3.69±0.78) mmol/L, both P＜0. 05＝. After 14-day treatment, serum lactic acid in middle-aged diabetic patients remained statistically unchanged [(4.50±0.50 and 3.79±0.62 ) mmol/L, P＞0.05], while that in elder patients was increased significantly [(5.59±0.55 and 5.27±0.43 ) mmol/L,P＜0. 05]. The results suggested that metformin should not be used or be used carefully in elder diabetic patients at high altitude area.