The composite material PLGA compounded with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) was prepared by melt blending method, and the absorbable interface screw was prepared by injection molding process. Prepare PBS buffer that simulates human body, conduct in vitro degradation experiments on interface screws according to relevant national and industry standards, then test and characterize interface screws at different time points for degradation of intrinsic viscosity, average molecular weight distribution, mass loss, mechanical properties and thermal properties. According to the degradation performance-time curve, determine the time node at which the interface screw loses the mechanical properties. In this paper, the in vitro degradation behavior of interfacial screws prepared from PLGA and β-TCP composites was studied in detail, providing a reference and basis for the degradation behavior of absorbable products prepared from PLGA and β-TCP composites.
Humans ; Polyesters ; Materials Testing ; Calcium Phosphates ; Absorbable Implants

Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant tumor originating from the bile duct epithelium, with the increasing incidence year by year. Its early symptoms are atypical and the diagnosis rate is low. Most of the patients are already in advanced stage when they are diagnosed, losing the best surgery period. Currently, the conservative treatments for unresectable extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma include stent placement, radiofrequency ablation, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, targeted and immunotherapy and other systemic treatments. But due to the high malignancy of biliary tract tumors, the tendency to develop drug resistance and the limited population benefited from the emerging treatment modalities, we urgently need to explore new treatment strategies to break this bottleneck. As a new treatment for cholangiocarcinoma, photodynamic therapy has attracted much attention for its clinical application and therapeutic effects. In this paper, we summarize the principles of photodynamic therapy, the combination of photodynamic and other therapeutic modalities, especially the combination of photodynamic with emerging immune and targeted therapies, and describe the current hotspot directions of photodynamic therapy research at home and abroad to provide reference for clinical treatment and research.

[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the miR-423-5p expression in brain glioma tissues and cell lines, and its promotive effect on temozolomide (TMZ) chemoresistance by targeting PDCD5 (programmed cell death protein 5). Methods: Tumor tissues and matched peritumoral tissues were collected from 20 brain glioma patients who were surgically treated in the Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University between January 2017 and December 2018. Glioblastoma cell lines (U251, U87, SHG-44) and human normal glial cell line HMC-3 were also used in the study. The relative expression of miR-423-5p and PDCD5 in brain glioma and peritumoral tissues and cell lines was detected by qPCR. The synthesized miR-423-5p mimics and miR-NC were respectively transfected into U251 and U87 cells; meanwhile, TMZ at different concentrations (50, 100, 150 and 200 μmol/L) were also used to treat the cells. Then, the chemoresistance of cells to TMZ were determined. MTT assay and colony formation assay were used to examine the proliferation of U251 and U87 cells, andWestern blotting was used to detect the expression of c-caspase 3, Bcl-2 and PDCD5 proteins in U251 and U87 cells. The targeting relationship between PDCD5 and miR-423-5p was validated through Dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Results: miR-423-5p was highly expressed in glioma tissues and glioma cell lines (all P<0.01). As compared with the miR-NC group, the proliferation and TMZ-chemoresistance of U251 and U87 cells in miR-423-5p mimics group significantly increased (all P<0.01). Dual luciferase reporter gene assay validated that miR-423-5p could bind with PDCD5 3' UTR to suppress the expression of PDCD5. Conclusion: High expression of miR-423-5p enhances the chemoresistance of glioma cells to TMZ, and miR-423-5p may serve as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of brain glioma.

Triterpenoids have been described in Andrographis paniculata. Oleanolic acid exhibits high biological activity and is widely used in the clinic, and β-sitosterol not only has good biological activity but also plays an important physiological role in plants. However, analysis of the biosynthetic pathway of triterpenoids in Andrographis paniculata has not been reported. Here, we provide the first report of the isolation and identification of nine 2, 3-oxidosqualene cyclases (ApOSC3 to ApOSC11) from A. paniculata. The results showed that ApOSC4 represented a monofunctional synthase that could convert 2, 3-oxidosqualene to β-amyrin. ApOSC5 as a bifunctional 2, 3-oxidosqualene cyclases, could transfer 2, 3-oxidosqualene to β-amyrin and α-amyrin. ApOSC6 to ApOSC8 composed the multifunctional 2, 3-oxidosqualene cyclases that could convert 2, 3-oxidosqualene to β-amyrin, α-amyrin and one or two undetermined triterpenoids. This study provides a better understanding of the biosynthetic pathway of triterpenoids in A. paniculata, and the discovery of multifunctional 2, 3-oxidosqualene cyclases ApOSC5 to ApOSC8 of the facilitates knowledge of the compounds diversity in A. paniculata.

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMGS) is the first committed enzyme in the MVA pathway and involved in the biosynthesis of terpenes in Tripterygium wilfordii. The full-length cDNA and a 515 bp RNAi target fragment of TwHMGS were ligated into the pH7WG2D and pK7GWIWG2D vectors to respectively overexpress and silence, TwHMGS was overexpressed and silenced in T. wilfordii suspension cells using biolistic-gun mediated transformation, which resulted in 2-fold increase and a drop to 70% in the expression level compared to cells with empty vector controls. During TwHMGS overexpression, the expression of TwHMGR, TwDXR and TwTPS7v2 was significantly upregulated to the control. In the RNAi group, the expression of TwHMGR, TwDXS, TwDXR and TwMCT visibly displayed downregulation to the control. The cells with TwHMGS overexpressed produced twice higher than the control value. These results proved that differential expression of TwHMGS determined the production of triptolide in T. wilfordii and laterally caused different trends of relative gene expression in the terpene biosynthetic pathway. Finally, the substrate acetyl-CoA was docked into the active site of TwHMGS, suggesting the key residues including His247, Lys256 and Arg296 undergo electrostatic or H-bond interactions with acetyl-CoA.

Objective: To explore the role of tumor suppressor gene programmed cell death 5 gene (PDCD5) in the growth and temozolomide (TMZ) sensitivity of brain glioma cells. Methods:Atotal of 116 patients with cerebral glioma admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, First Clinical Hospital of Jilin University from January 2009 to December 2014 were enrolled in this study. QPCR, WB and immunohistochemistry method were used to detect the mRNAand protein expressions of PDCD5 in glioma cell lines (U87, U251), U87 cell line with stable PDCD5 expression (U87-PDCD5), glioma cells with si-PDCD5 transfection and primary cerebral glioma tissues, respectively. MTT assay was used to detect the effect of over-expression or knockdown of PDCD5 on the growth and TMZ-sensitivity of glioma cells. The subcutaneous tumor-bearing model of glioma cell line U87 was established in nude mice, and then the experimental mice were randomly divided into control group, TMZ group, PDCD5 group and TMZ+exogenous PDCD5 recombinant expression vector group.After 20 days, the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and the tumor tissue was excised to measure the tumor volume and weigh. The expression of PDCD5 in tumor tissues was detected by qPCR and WB methods, and the effects of PDCD5 combined with TMZ on the growth of gliomas were also analyzed. Results: The relative mRNA and protein expressions of PDCD5 in U87 cells were significantly lower than those in U251 cells (both P<0.05), and the mRNA and protein expressions of PDCD5 in high level glioma tissues were significantly lower than those in low level tissues (all P<0.05). The sensitivity of U87-PDCD5 cells and U251 cells to TMZ was higher than that of U87 cells (all P<0.05). The sensitivity of cells to TMZ in U87-PDCD5-siRNA group and U251siRNA group was significantly lower than that of the control group (both P<0.05). The tumor volume and weigh to fnudemicexenografts were compared,and the results showed control group>TMZ group>PDCD 5group>combined group(allP<0.05);however, the mRNA and protein expressions of PDCD5 in the transplanted tumor tissues of each group showed the opposite trend (all P<0.05). Conclusion: PDCD5 over-expression can enhance the chemosensitivity of braingliomato the chemotherapy drug TMZ, while silencing of PDCD5 expression exertsthe opposite effect.The combination of PDCD5 and TMZ can better inhibit the growth of xenografts in nude mice.

Objective To discuss the risk of factors influencing persistent frequency after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).Methods The clinical data of 119 post-TURP patients treated from January 2014 to June 2015 was retrospectively analyzed.The age was (72.1 ±2.3)years old.There were 15 cases with hypertension,23 cases with diabetes and 6 cases with heart disease.The preoperative IPSS score of 119 cases was (22.1 ± 5.9) points,with (10.2 ± 1.8) points in urinary storage period and (11.8 ± 4.7) points in urination period.Urination frequency was (10.8 ± 2.6) times per day and there were (3.8 ± 0.8) times of nocturnal urination.B-ultrasound:residual urine volume was (38.1 ± 9.1) ml and prostate volume was (34.1 ± 4.2) ml.Preoperative maximum urine flow rate was (8.8 ± 3.9) ml/s.The detrusor pressure at maximum urinary flow rate was (43.9 ± 14.1) cm H2O (1 cmH2O =0.098 kPa),maximum detrusor pressure was (99.7 ± 12.2) cmH2O and effective bladder volume was (217.5 ± 14.8) ml.Contraction of bladder weakened in 40 cases (33.6％) and 36 cases (30.2％) had detrusor overactivity.According to whether continuous urinary frequency was developed,the patients were divided into frequency-positive group and frequency-negative group.The differences between the patients in two groups were compared and univariate analysis was performed.A multivariate logistic regression was performed on statistically significant indicators.Results Among the 119 patients,21 were frequency-positive and 98 were frequency-negative.Univariate analysis showed that age,IPSS score,preoperative urinary storage score,detrusor pressure at maximum urinary flow rate,maximum detrusor pressure,effective bladder volume,contraction decrease of bladder,preoperative detrusor activity were important indicators affecting the condition of postoperative urinary frequency (all P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that old age (OR =3.842,P =0.021),high total IPSS score (OR =5.109,P =0.011),low maximum detrusor pressure (OR =3.477,P =0.039),low effective volume of bladder (OR =4.051,P =0.017) and detrusor overactivity (OR =3.662,P =0.025) were independent risk factors for urinary frequency after TURP.Conclusions The age,the high IPSS score before operation,low maximal detrusor pressure,low effective bladder capacity and the bladder detrusor activity could be independent predictive factors of persistent frequency after TURP.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RLPN) with individual operation plan in treatment of small renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods 98 patients with small RCC who was treated by RLPN from June 2012 to June 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 57 males and 41 females with a mean age of 52 years old (ranging 28 ~ 75 years old). 52 cases were located on the right side while 46 cases were left. The mean tumor size was 3.1 cm in diameter (ranging 0.8 ~ 4.5 cm). 87 patients (A group) were underwent standard RLPN with clamping main renal artery. 7 patients (B group) with exophytic RCC were performed without clamping renal artery, but with separating main renal artery and prepared for possible clamping. 4 patients (C group) with endophytic RCC were performed with clamping renal artery under ultrosound monitoring. The feasibility and outcomes were evaluated by surgical and oncological outcomes. Results 84 cases among A group were underwent standard RLPN successfully, with 2 cases converted to open surgery and 1 case failed to excising tumor completely and converted to laparoscopic radical nephrectomy. The amount of bleeding during operation was 30 ~ 350 ml, average 93 ml, operation time was 70 ~ 245 min, average 127 min, warm ischemia time 20 ~ 42 min, average 26 min. 6 cases among B group were performed successfully without clamping renal artery with 1 case converted to clamp renal artery for 15 min during the operation because of obvious bleeding. The amount of bleeding was 160 ~ 380 ml, average 220 ml, operation time was 85 ~ 215 min, average143 min. 4 cases of C group were all performed successfully, The amount of bleeding was 35 ~ 250 ml, average 85 ml, operation time was 110 ~ 235 min, average 175 min, warm ischemia time 25 ~ 40 min, average 28 min. With a mean follow up of 28 months (ranging 18 ~ 42 months), there was only 1 case of A group occured local recurrence and lung metastases and accepted molecular targeted therapy with Sorafenib. Conclusion RLPN with individual operation plan in treatment of small RCC is safe and effective, the long-term effect of the procedure needs further investigation.

Objective To research the effect of GGCX gene on MMP13 in rabbit osteoarthritis cartilage cells and investigate its effect on osteoarthritis cartilage degeneration.Methods Six Japanese big ear rabbits weighted (2.0±0.2)kg were randomly di vided into three groups,each group seted a rabbit as control.Anterior cruciate ligament transection method was used to build osteoarthritis cartilage degeneration model at second,forth,sixth week.Articular cartilage was separated successfully after the model were built,cartilage cells were divided from articular cartilage and cultured in 6-well cell culture plate.Cartilage cells were divided into blank group,negative control group and transfection group.PCR method and Western blot were conducted to detect GGCX and MMP13 expressed at the level of mRNA and protein.Results Compare with blank group and negative control group,the expressin level of GGCX incresed,while the MMP13 expression level dcresed(P＜0.05).Conclusion Over expression of GGCX gene can ob viously decrease the expression of MMP13,it provide experimental basis for osteoarthritis of the in vitro gene therapy.

Objective To explore the expressions of interleukin (IL)-17A and its receptor IL-17RA in different degrees of malignant gliomas. Methods Fifty patients with glioma were collected in this study. Accordance to the World Health Organization Classification System, patients were classified by malignancy grade, including gradeⅠ(n=12), gradeⅡ(n=18), gradeⅢ(n=13) and gradeⅣ(n=7). The glioma tissue and peripheral blood samples of patients were obtained for detecting the expression levels of IL-17A and IL-17RA mRNA by using immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR. Western blot assay was used to detect expressions of IL- 17A and IL- 17RA in both the macroscopic (immunohistochemistry) and molecular levels (mRNA and protein). Results Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression levels of IL-17A and its receptor IL-17RA increased with the increase of the malignant degree of gliomas. The mRNA levels of IL-17A and IL-17RA receptors in peripheral blood were up-regulated with the increasing malignancy grade of glioma (F=8.96, P<0.05;F=10.34, P<0.05). The mRNA levels of IL-17A and IL-17RA in glioma tissues were up-regulated with the increasing malignancy grade of glioma (F=11.21, P<0.05;F=14.11, P<0.05). The protein levels of IL-17A and IL-17RA in peripheral blood and glioma tissues were also up-regulated with the increasing malignancy grade of glioma (in peripheral blood:F=9.90, P<0.05;F=11.80, P<0.05;and in gliomas tissues:F=8.15, P<0.05;F=14.46, P<0.05). Conclusion The expressions of IL-17A and IL-17RA receptor are positively correlated with malignancy grade of glioma. These results provide some reference for clinical diagnosis of malignant gliomas.