Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a common locally aggressive junctional primary bone tumor, whose clinical treatment becomes more difficult once combined with pathological fracture. Extended curettage and en-bloc resection are common surgical procedures for treating GCTB, and drugs such as receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand(RANKL) inhibitors and bisphosphonates have been successfully used. Curettage is recommended for patients with Campanaccigrade Ⅱor Campanaccigrade Ⅲ with localized soft tissue invasion only and simple fractures with intact bone structure. Resection may be considered for Campanaccigrade Ⅲ with extensive soft tissue invasion or complex fractures with incomplete bone structure. RANKL inhibitors such as denosumab may be recommended if surgery is not possible or before performing resection. This article summarizes the common treatment modalities of pathological fractures combined with giant cell tumors of extremities, including the current status of surgical and pharmacological treatments, analyzing the choice of surgical modalities in different clinical situations, in order to provide clinical inspirations for diagnosis and treatment.

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a common locally aggressive junctional primary bone tumor, whose clinical treatment becomes more difficult once combined with pathological fracture. Extended curettage and en-bloc resection are common surgical procedures for treating GCTB, and drugs such as receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand(RANKL) inhibitors and bisphosphonates have been successfully used. Curettage is recommended for patients with Campanaccigrade Ⅱor Campanaccigrade Ⅲ with localized soft tissue invasion only and simple fractures with intact bone structure. Resection may be considered for Campanaccigrade Ⅲ with extensive soft tissue invasion or complex fractures with incomplete bone structure. RANKL inhibitors such as denosumab may be recommended if surgery is not possible or before performing resection. This article summarizes the common treatment modalities of pathological fractures combined with giant cell tumors of extremities, including the current status of surgical and pharmacological treatments, analyzing the choice of surgical modalities in different clinical situations, in order to provide clinical inspirations for diagnosis and treatment.

ObjectiveTo establish a method for the determination of 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane (TeCA) and 1,1,2,2-TeCA in human urine using liquid-liquid extraction-gas chromatography. Methods The 5.0 mL urine sample was mixed with 2.0 g anhydrous sodium sulfate and 5.0 mL ethyl acetate, then vortexed mixing. The 1.0 mL extraction was separated by 100% dimethylpolysiloxane capillary gas chromatography column, detected by flame ionization detector, and quantified by an external standard method. Results The linear ranges of 1,1,1,2-TeCA and 1,1,2,2-TeCA were 0.250-50.750 mg/L, with both correlation coefficients of >0.999 9. The detection limit of 1,1,1,2-TeCA in urine was 0.020 mg/L, and the lower limit of quantification was 0.060 mg/L. The average recovery was 88.02%-101.32%, and the within-run and between-run relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 0.11%-0.47% and 0.39%-1.09%, respectively. The detection limit of 1,1,2,2-TeCA in urine was 0.050 mg/L, and the lower limit of quantification was 0.150 mg/L. The average recovery was 93.42%-101.32%, and the within-run and between-run RSDs were 0.28%-1.04% and 0.50%-1.03%, respectively. Both the 1,1,1,2-TeCA and 1,1,2,2-TeCA cannot be stored at room temperature. The 1,1,2,2-TeCA can be stored at 4 ℃ for at least three days. At -20 ℃, the 1,1,1,2-TeCA can only be stored for one day, while 1,1,2,2-TeCA can be stored for at least five days. Conclusion This method has high sensitivity, good specificity, simple sample pretreatment, and more intuitive and reliable results. It can be used to determine the level of 1,1,1,2-TeCA and 1,1,2,2-TeCA in urine of occupational population.

OBJECTIVE To conduct a rapid qualitative study on the chemical constituents of the methanol extract in Thamnolia subuliformis (Ehrh.) W.Culb. by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Focus-MS/MS. METHODS The chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18(2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.7 μm) column with acetonitrile(A)-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution(B) as mobile phase for gradient elution, the flow rate was 0.3 mL·min–1 and the column temperature was 30 ℃. Mass spectrometry was performed using an electrospray ionization and data was collected in negative ion modes, and the detection range was m/z 80−1 200. The chemical constituents in Thamnolia subuliformis (Ehrh.) W.Culb. were identified rapidly and comprehensively based on the accurate relative molecular and combined with literature data and reference substances. RESULTS A total of 39 chemical constituents were speculatively identified, including 9 mono-substituted phenyl rings, 11 depsides, 5 depsidones, 2 dibenzofuran, 10 lipids, and 2 others. CONCLUSION The chemical constituents in the Thamnolia subuliformis (Ehrh.) W.Culb. can be identified accurately and rapidly by this method. Among them, 3 compounds(β-resorcylic acid, usnic acid, atranorin) are unambiguously identified by comparing with reference standards, 19 compounds are found from Thamnolia subuliformis (Ehrh.) W.Culb. for the first time. This paper can provide the important basis for study on pharmacodynamic material and substitute development of Thamnolia subuliformis (Ehrh.) W.Culb..

Objective To investigate the mechanisms underlying the reduced biomechanical properties and impaired wound healing in the dorsal skin of streptozocin(STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)mice.Methods Forty male C57BL/6 mice(8 weeks old,weighing 20～25 g)were randomly divided into wild-type(WT,n=20)and T1DM(n=20)groups.After the mice were inflicted with full-thickness skin resection(circular,1 cm in diameter,in both sides of the back midline),atomic force microscopy(AFM)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)were employed to assess the Young's modulus,relaxation rate,and collagen arrangement of the skin,and HE,Masson's trichrome,Sirius red,Gordon-Sweet,and Victoria blue staining were all applied to evaluate the epidermis and granulation tissue,total collagen content,ratio of type Ⅲ to type Ⅰ collagen,reticular fiber content,and elastic fiber content.Immunohistochemical assay and Western blotting were conducted to quantify the expression of type Ⅰ and type Ⅲcollagen proteins.Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining of paraffin sections were performed to detect the transformation of myofibroblast in wound tissues.Results On day 21 post-wounding,the dorsal skin of T1DM mice exhibited significantly reduced stiffness,strength,and resilience compared to the conditions in the WT group(P＜0.05).During and after healing,T1DM mice showed decreased collagen and elastic fibers,an increased ratio of type Ⅲ to type Ⅰ collagen,and increased reticular fibers,all with statistical significance(P＜0.05).Additionally,there was a significant reduction in myofibroblast transformation during the early stages of wound healing in the T1DM group(P＜0.05).Conclusion T1DM inhibits the transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts,leading to impaired wound healing and reduced biomechanical properties in the dorsal skin of mice.

The correlation between hearing loss (HL) and physical performance in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) remains poorly investigated. This study explored the association between HL and physical performance in patients on MHD. Methods: This multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2020 and April 2021 in seven hemodialysis centers in Shanghai and Suzhou, China. The hearing assessment was performed using pure-tone average (PTA). Physical performance was assessed using the Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT), handgrip strength, and gait speed. Results: Finally, 838 adult patients (male, 516 [61.6%]; 61.2 ± 2.6 years) were enrolled. Among them, 423 (50.5%) had mild to profound HL (male, 48.6% and female, 53.4%). Patients with HL had poorer physical performance than patients without HL (p < 0.001). TUGT was positively correlated with PTA (r = 0.265, p < 0.001), while handgrip strength and gait speed were negatively correlated with PTA (r = –0.356, p < 0.001 and r = –0.342, p < 0.001, respectively). Physical performance in patients aged <60 years showed significant dose-response relationships with HL. After adjusting for confounders, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for HL across the TUGT quartiles (lowest to highest) were 1.00 (reference), 1.15 (0.73–1.81), 1.69 (1.07–2.70), and 2.87 (1.69–4.88) (p for trend = 0.005). Conclusion: Lower prevalence of HL was associated with a faster TUGT and a stronger handgrip strength in patients on MHD.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-pulmonary fibrosis effect of linarin in vivo and in vitro， and investigate its mechanism preliminarily. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal group （carboxymethylcellulose sodium）， model group （carboxymethylcellulose sodium）， positive control group （pirfenidone， 200 mg/kg）， linarin low-dose and high-dose groups （12.5， 25 mg/kg）， with 8 mice in each group. Except for normal group， pulmonary fibrosis model was induced in other groups. After modeling， they were given relevant medicine intragastrically， once a day， for consecutive 14 d. The general situation of mice was observed， and their lung indexes were measured； the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and transforming growth factor-β1（ TGF-β1） in serum and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in lung tissue were determined. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Masson staining were used to observe the histopathological morphology of lung. The pulmonary fibrosis was scored according to Ashcroft score standard. The expressions of α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） and （type Ⅰ collagen， Collagen Ⅰ）， phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase （p-ERK1/2） and TGF-β1 in lung tissues were detected. HFL1 cells were stimulated by TGF- β1 to form pulmonary fibrosis model in vitro， which were divided into normal group， model group and linarin low-， medium- and high-concentration groups （3.7， 7.4， 14.8 mg/L）. After being cultured for 48 h， the protein expressions of α-SMA， Collagen Ⅰ and p-ERK1/2 in HFL1 cells were detected. RESULTS In vivo， compared with normal group， the lung index of model group and the levels of TNF- α， TGF- β1 and IL-6 were significantly increased （P＜0.01）. There were a large number of inflammatory infiltration and cellular fibrosis lesions in the alveoli， and a large number of collagen depositions. The scores of HE staining and Masson staining were significantly increased （P＜0.01）. The protein expressions of α-SMA， Collagen Ⅰ， p-ERK1/2 and TGF-β1 in lung tissue were up-regulated significantly （P＜0.01）. Compared with model group， above indexes of mice were improved significantly in linarin high-dose group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， and most of indexes （except for lung index） were improved significantly in linarin low-dose group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. In vitro， compared with blank group， the density of cells in the model group increased， and obvious proliferation and other changes occurred； protein expressions of α-SMA， Collagen Ⅰ and p-ERK1/2 were significantly up-regulated （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with model group， the cell density of each concentration group was decreased and the morphology gradually returned to normal； the expressions of above proteins in linarin high-concentration group and the protein expression of p-ERK1/2 in linarin medium-concentration group were down-regulated significantly（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Linarin may regulate ERK and inflammatory pathways to reduce the inflammatory response， thereby exerting anti-pulmonary fibrosis effect.

Objective:To summarize the thoracic and abdominal CT presentations after endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFR) and to analyze its significance in the evaluation and management of postoperative complications.Methods:Data of 82 patients who underwent gastrointestinal EFR at the Endoscopy Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and received a chest and/or abdominal CT within 1 week from September 2016 to September 2021 were collected retrospectively. The patients were divided into the intervention group ( n=38) and the control group ( n=44) according to the presence or absence of special postoperative interventions or prolonged hospital stays. The differences in the incidence of abnormal CT presentations between the two groups were analyzed. Risk factors for abnormal CT presentation were explored by multifactorial analysis. Results:Among the 82 patients, the main CT presentations were pneumoperitoneum in 51 patients (62.2%), abdominal and pelvic effusion in 30 patients (36.6%), pneumothorax in 5 (6.1%), pleural effusion in 43 (52.4%), and pulmonary inflammation in 16 (19.5%). The incidence of pelvic and abdominal effusions ( W=637.48, P=0.031) and pleural effusions ( W=622.06, P=0.031) in CT was higher in the intervention group than that in the control group. Age was an independent risk factor for air-related complications after EFR (>60 years old VS ≤60 years old: OR=0.17, 95% CI: 0.05-0.56, P=0.002). Conclusion:CT presentations of pelvic and abdominal effusion and pleural effusion after EFR is of great significance in suggesting complications, while patients with other CT presentations often do not require special intervention or prolonged hospital stay. Postoperative CT in elderly patients is less likely to detect air-related complications.

Objective: To establish a solvent desorption-gas chromatography method for the determination of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane in workplace air. Methods: The 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane in workplace air were collected using activated carbon tubes, desorbed with carbon disulfide, and separated and detected by gas chromatography. The quantifications were based on standard curves. Results: The linear ranges of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane were 0.98-395.50 and 0.87-395.50 mg/L, respectively, with the correlation coefficient of 0.999 95. The detection limits were 0.29 and 0.26 mg/L, respectively. The average of desorption efficiency was 92.04%-104.67%. The within- and between-run relative standard deviations were 1.42%-2.09% and 1.63%-6.09%, respectively. The sampling efficiency was more than 98.00%. The samples could be stored at room temperature for at least 14 days. Conclusion: This method can be used in detection of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane in workplace air.

Objective To establish a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for simultaneous determination of six aniline compounds (ADs) in workplace air. Methods GDH-1 air sampling tube was used to collect six co-existing ADs such as aniline, o-toluidine, N-methylaniline, m-methylaniline, p-methylaniline and N,N-dimethylaniline in the vapor and aerosol of workplace air. The samples were desorbed and eluted using a methanol solution containing 1.00% ammonia water, followed by separation on a C₁₈ chromatographic column and detection using a diode array detector. Results The quantification range of the method was 0.19 -253.50 mg/L, with the correlation coefficient of 0.999 9 for all six ADs. The minimum detection range was 0.02-0.06 mg/m³, and the minimum quantitation range was 0.04-0.19 mg/m³ [both calculated for a 15.0 L sample with a desorption (elution) solution volume of 3.00 mL]. The average desorption and elution efficiencies were 92.15%-104.41% (silica gel) and 94.29%-104.29% (filter membrane). The intra-assay relative standard deviation (RSD) ranged from 0.90%-9.72% (silica gel) and 0.57%-6.96% (filter membrane). The inter-assay RSD ranged from 2.03%-9.78% (silica gel) and 2.50%-8.62% (filter membrane). The samples were stable at room temperature for seven days. Conclusion This method can be used for the simultaneous determination of six ADs in workplace air.