Gastric cancer is a malignant tumor characterized by high morbidity and mortality. With the development of molecular biol-ogy technology and the emergence of various new omics detection techniques in recent years, molecular epidemiologists of gastric cancer have conducted extensive studies on the genetic and host factors, as well as gene-environment interactions associated with ex-posure to environmental factors in gastric cancer. In addition, epidemiologists have studied the evolution of precancerous gastric le-sions, the development of gastric cancer, and explored relevant biomarkers to provide major evidence for the prevention and control of gastric cancer. This review summarizes the latest advances in the molecular epidemiology of gastric cancer, including existing evi-dence in studies for candidate-approach-based serum/plasma biomarkers, genome-wide association, whole-exome sequencing, tissue microarrays, as well as studies on metabolomics and microbiomes. We expect to provide insights into the future of molecular epidemi-ology studies in gastric cancer, promoting etiologic research, and the precise prevention and control of gastric cancer.

A folk prescription consisting of Alnus hirsuta, Rosa davurica, Acanthopanax senticosus and Panax schinseng has been used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the antidiabetic effects of the herb formula extract (HFE) composed of Alnus hirsuta, Rosa davurica, Acanthopanax senticosus and Panax schinseng in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The HFE was mixed in the food supply of the healthy and STZ-induced diabetic male Sprague-Dawley rats, and its effects on the body weight, water and food intake, hyperglycemia, hypolipidemic and islet structure were studied. The treatment of the rats with STZ for 6 weeks resulted in marasmus, polydipsia, polyphagia, hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia. In addition, the diabetic rats showed an apparent decrease in the insulin immunoreactivity and the number of beta-cells in the pancreas. The addition of the HFE to the rats' food supply significantly lowered the serum glucose and the serum triglycerides level and preserved the normal histological appearance of the pancreatic islets. These results indicate that the HEF have a strong antidiabetic potential along with the significant hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects, which may be applicable in the pharmaceutical industry.
Eleutherococcus ; Alnus ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Drinking ; Drug Industry ; Eating ; Food Supply ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Insulin ; Islets of Langerhans ; Male ; Panax ; Pancreas ; Polydipsia ; Prescriptions ; Protein-Energy Malnutrition ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rosa ; Streptozocin ; Triglycerides

Objective To investigate lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in mid-low rectal cancer following neoadjuvant therapy. Methods A total of 297 consecutive patients with mid-low rectal cancer received radical surgery from August 2002 to August 2005 at Beijing Cancer Hospital. All patients were divided into the neoadjuvant therapy group and a control group according to whether they underwent preoperative radiotherapy or radiochemotherapy. Histological assessment of tumor specimens was made, and correlation of LVI and prognosis was analysed using the chi-square test. The disease-free survival rate and overall survival rate were analysed by the Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Results The overall positive rate of LVI was 23.9% (71/297). The positive rates of LVI in neoadjuvant therapy group and control group were 21.5% (31/144) and 26. 1% (40/153), respectively,with no significant difference between the groups ( x2 = 0.872, P ＞ 0.05). In the neoadjuvant therapy and control groups, LVI was significantly associated with pathologic T and N stages as well as the degree of histological differentiation (x2 =13.490, 27.401,7.323;16. 188, 21.623, 16.534, P＜0.05). In the control group, LVI was closely associated with local recurrence (x2 =4. 010, P ＜0.05 ), whereas this was not the case in the neoadjuvant therapy group (x2 =0.000, P＞0.05). LVI was significantly associated with distal metastasis in both the neoadjuvant therapy and control groups (x2 = 4.950, 14. 332, P ＜ 0.05 ). The disease-free and overall survival rates of patients with LVI were 46.4% (26/56) and 56.7% (34/60), which were significantly lower than 75.1%(148/197) and 79.4% ( 166/209 ) of those with no LVI, respectively ( x2 = 16. 720, 12.660, P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Neoadjuvant therapy does not significantly reduce LVI;however, the biological behaviour of LVI has changed. Patients with LVI may benefit from neoadjuvant radiotherapy.

Objective To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on ischemia/repeffusion (Ⅰ/R) injury of the small intestine after resuscitation from trauma and hemorrhagic shock (T/HS) in rats in order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Method Ninety-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups with 24 rats in each group. In shock group, rats were operated with induced T/HS. In sham group, rats operated without induced T/HS. In one HBO therapy (HBOT) group, rats with T/HS were treated with HBOT once. In three-HBOT group, rats with T/HS were treated with HBOT thrice. The Animal Care and Use Committee of China Medical University approved all animal protocols. Rats were anesthetized with amobarbital sodium (80 mg/kg, i.p.) at room temperature (25 ℃), the bloed pressure was monitored via polyethylene cannula inserted into the right femoral artery, connecting with the pressure analyzer (Multiparameter Monitor, M3046A, Boebin-gen, Germany). The left jugular vein was cannulated for administering normal saline and for resuscitation. The right carotid artery was cannulated for shedding blood. After operation, the middle part of left thigh of rat was se-lected as a site to be made of trauma by a lump of 2.5 kg iron falling upon from 20 cm height, causing the com-pound fracture of femur and crush injury of muscular tissue, then the damaged thigh was bandaged and fixed. At the same time, the blood was drawing out of fight carotid artery via cannula until the mean arterial was reduced to 30-35 mmHg within 5 minutes. The hypotension was kept constant for 60 minutes by additional drawing small amounts of blood as needed. After 60 minutes of hypotension, the rats were resuscitated by transfusing the shed blood over 5 minutes, followed by 4 -6 mL normal saline in 60 minutes to get the mean artery pressure maintained above 80 mmHg. The resuscitated rats were put into the hyperbaric chamber (10N-750, menoplace chamber, Ningho, China). The pressure inside the chamber was adjusted to 2.5 ATA and the oxygen concentration was higher than 95 %. The set pressure and oxygen concentration were maintained for 60 minutes. When the pressure within the chamber was decreased to 1 ATA, rots were taken out. The rats in one-HBOT group were given one HBO therapy immediately after resuscitation, and the rats in three-HBOT group were given one HBO therapy im-mediately after resuscitation with additional twice HBO therapy within 24 hours ((q 8 h). The one-way ANOVA and Pearson's bivariate methed were used for statistics. Results Twenty-four hours after resuscitation, the levels of lactate, induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in in-testinal tissue of rats in both HBOT groups were significantly lower than those in the rats of shock group without HBOT (P < 0.05). The histological injury grading scores of intestinal tissue in both HBOT group was significant lower than that in shock group (P < 0.05). There was positive correlation between the levels of iNOS and NO in intestinal tissue (P < 0.001). All the above-mentioned parameters in the three-HBOT group were better than those in one-HBOT group, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions HBO decreases the production of inflammatory factors, inhibits the excessive inflammatory reaction to T/HS, and prevents the mucosal barrier of intestine from I/R injury after resuscitation from T/HS.

AIM: To aim to seek the best operation conditions of the inorganic ceramic membrane in the separation of effective matters from the homogenate of earthworm. METHODS: The homogenate flux was adopted as index,to select the membrane material,filter pressure、homogenate temperature and concentration. RESULTS: The experiment showed that the filter flux had a significant positive correlation with pressure difference and liquid temperature,and negative correlation with liquid concentration. CONCLUSION: In the separation of earthworm homogenate,0.2 ?m Al_2O_3 and 50 nm ZrO_2 film pipe were respectively selected as primary and secondary separating unit on the condition of 0.15 mPa pressure,50 ℃ and 33.%(w/w) homogenate concentration.