ObjectiveTo analyze the protective effect of different types of influenza vaccines (InfV) against influenza A among the individuals aged between 3‒17 years old, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of influenza in the future. MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted to collect data on the incidence and InfV vaccination of the individuals aged between 3‒17 years during the influenza epidemic season from 2022 to 2023. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated, and a log-binomial regression model was used to calculate the corrected VE. ResultsThe incidence rate of influenza in InfV vaccinated and un-vaccinated groups was 7.32% (1 937/ 26 446) and 9.65% (4 421/45 837), respectively. After adjusting for age and gender factors, the unadjusted VE (95%CI) was 54.57% (52.24%‒56.78%). The unadjusted VE (95%CI) was 53.66% (50.36%‒56.74%) for males and 55.60% (52.24%‒58.72%) for females, respectively. The unadjusted VE (95%CI) for the age group of 3‒ years, 6‒ years, 9‒ years, 12‒ years, and 15‒17 years were 64.08% (60.89%‒67.01%), 57.40% (53.71%‒60.80%), 57.77% (52.49%‒62.47%), 24.36% (9.49%‒36.79%), and 24.09% (-17.59%‒51.00%), respectively. The unadjusted VE (95%CI) for quadrivalent split-virion inactivated influenza vaccine, trivalent split-virion inactivated influenza vaccine, trivalent subunit influenza vaccine, and trivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine were 53.84% (51.32%‒56.24%), 62.17% (56.28%‒67.26%), 79.83% (69.94%‒86.46%), and 31.59% (19.07%‒42.18%), respectively. ConclusionThe InfV used during the 2022‒2023 influenza season had a good protective effect against influenza A among the individuals aged between 3‒17 years old, especially in those aged between 3‒11 years old.

Objective:To explore the effect of nurse-led peer education on the disease knowledge, medication adherence, and fall efficacy of osteoporosis patients.Methods:From June 2022 to May 2023, convenience sampling was used to select 63 patients with osteoporosis who visited the Bone Metabolism Clinic of Peking Union Medical College Hospital as participants. The patients were divided into a control group ( n=32) and an observation group ( n=31) using a random number table method. Control group received conventional health education, while observation group was treated with nurse-led peer education on the basis of control group. The osteoporosis knowledge, medication adherence, and fall efficacy scores were compared between the two groups of patients before and after intervention. Results:Two cases were lost to follow-up in control group, one case was lost to follow-up in observation group, and ultimately 30 cases were included in both observation group and control group. Before intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in osteoporosis knowledge, medication adherence, and fall efficacy scores between the two groups of patients ( P>0.05). After intervention, observation group had higher scores in osteoporosis knowledge, medication adherence, and fall efficacy than control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Nurse-led peer education based on online platforms can improve the knowledge, medication compliance, and fall efficacy score of osteoporosis patients, and is worthy of promotion and application in health education for osteoporosis patients.

Objective To provide an animal model for studying the effect of TDO2 on the function of macrophages on the occurrence and development of diseases by constructing macrophage-specific tryptophan,2,3-dioxygenase(TDO2)gene knockout mice.Methods TDO2flox/flox Lyz2-iCre+mice were constructed based on Cre/LoxP sys-tem.The genotypes of mice were identified by PCR amplification and agarose gel electrophoresis.Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to verify the effect of TDO2 knockdown in mouse macrophages.The spontaneous le-sions in major tissues and organ were observed by HE stainings.Results The results of genotype identification showed that the mice with only one band at 407 bp or 408 bp for the flox amplification product and one band at 543 bp for the Cre amplification product were TDO2flox/flox Lyz2-iCre+mice.Western blot results showed that TDO2 ex-pression in bone marrow-derived macrophages(BMDMs)of TDO2flox/flox Lyz2-iCre+mice decreased compared with TD02flox/flox mice(P＜0.01).Immunofluorescence results showed that TDO2 expression in peritoneal macrophages and BMDMs of TDO2flox/flox Lyz2-iCre+mice decreased compared with TDO2flox/flox mice.HE staining showed no sig-nificant differences in cell morphology in the liver,brain,kidney and spleen tissues of TDO2flox/flox Lyz2-iCre+mice compared to TDO2flox/f1ox mice.Conclusion TDO2flox/flox Lyz2-iCre+mice is successfully constructed,providing a more precise experimental animal model for subsequent in-depth study of the role and mechanism of TDO2-regulated macrophage activation in disease.

Objective To investigate the effects of tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase(TDO2)on collagen-induced ar-thritis,the expression of CIA in mice and the specific mechanism by which prostaglandin E2(PGE2)inhibits the expression and activity of TDO2 and thus regulates the function of macrophages.Methods Type Ⅱ collagen in-duced the CIA model in DBA/1J mice.The ankle joint injury of CIA mice was detected by X-ray.The expression of TDO2 in ankle joint and spleen was detected by immunohistochemistry.Changes of TDO2 expression in perito-neal macrophages(PMs)were detected by qPCR and immunofluorescence.TDO2 expression was detected by small interference in RAW264.7 cells,TDO2 inhibitor 680C91,PGE2 stimulation with different concentrations(0.1,1,10 μmol/L)and EP4 receptor agonist CAY10598.qPCR and Western blot were used to detect TDO2 expression.The phagocytosis and polarization of macrophages were detected by flow cytometry.The activity of TDO2 was detec-ted by colorimetry.Results Compared with normal mice,CIA mice had larger soft tissue swelling in ankle,and increased TDO2 expression in synovium,spleen and PMs.In RAW264.7 cells,TDO2 expression was significantly inhibited after small interference,TDO2 inhibitor 680C91,PGE2 stimulation,and EP4 receptor agonist CAY10598,macrophage phagocytosis decreased,and M1/M2 ratio decreased(P＜0.05).Colorimetric results showed that the activity of TDO2 was inhibited after stimulation of PGE2 and EP4 agonist CAY10598 in RAW264.7 cells(P＜0.05).Conclusion The increased expression of TDO2 in macrophages may promote synovial injury in CIA mice,and PGE2 regulates the function of macrophages by inhibiting the expression and activity of TDO2 by ac-tivating EP4 receptor.

Objective To investigate the difference between imaging flow cytometry and immunofluorescence tech-niques for detecting Ahr entry in fibroblast-like synoviocytes.Methods Human-derived fibroblast-like synoviocytes line MH7A was cultured with 15％ DMEM.The nucleation levels of Ahr in MH7A were detected by laser scanning confocal microscopy and quantitative imaging flow cytometry(ImageStreamX Mark Ⅱ)in the blank control group,the Kyn group,and the Kyn+CH223191 group,respectively.The results of the two assay techniques were com-pared using nonparametric tests-correlation of the results.Results Compared with the blank control group,the Kyn and Kyn+CH223191 groups of MH7A cells increased Ahr nucleation ability as measured by immunofluores-cence technique and imaging flow cytometry(P＜0.05),and the three groups of results calculated by the two ex-perimental methods were consistent,with the R2 values of 0.863 8,0.928 7,and 0.901 8,respectively,which were statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with the operation and results of im-munofluorescence experiments,imaging flow cytometry data processing is more complicated.However,the results are notably precise,avoiding the subjectivity of the experimenter and minimizing experimental inaccuracies.

High-frequency steady-state asymmetric visual evoked potential (SSaVEP) provides a new paradigm for designing comfortable and practical brain-computer interface (BCI) systems. However, due to the weak amplitude and strong noise of high-frequency signals, it is of great significance to study how to enhance their signal features. In this study, a 30 Hz high-frequency visual stimulus was used, and the peripheral visual field was equally divided into eight annular sectors. Eight kinds of annular sector pairs were selected based on the mapping relationship of visual space onto the primary visual cortex (V1), and three phases (in-phase[0º, 0º], anti-phase [0º, 180º], and anti-phase [180º, 0º]) were designed for each annular sector pair to explore response intensity and signal-to-noise ratio under phase modulation. A total of 8 healthy subjects were recruited in the experiment. The results showed that three annular sector pairs exhibited significant differences in SSaVEP features under phase modulation at 30 Hz high-frequency stimulation. And the spatial feature analysis showed that the two types of features of the annular sector pair in the lower visual field were significantly higher than those in the upper visual field. This study further used the filter bank and ensemble task-related component analysis to calculate the classification accuracy of annular sector pairs under three-phase modulations, and the average accuracy was up to 91.5%, which proved that the phase-modulated SSaVEP features could be used to encode high- frequency SSaVEP. In summary, the results of this study provide new ideas for enhancing the features of high-frequency SSaVEP signals and expanding the instruction set of the traditional steady state visual evoked potential paradigm.
Humans ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Healthy Volunteers ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio

Objective : To compare acute ulcerative colitis (UC) model induced by dextran sulfate sodium ( DSS) at 1. 5% and 3. 0% concentrations and obtain a cost-effective modeling scheme with low mortality． Methods: C57BL /6J mice were randomly divided into control group，1. 5% and 3. 0% DSS group．The mice in control group drank sterilized water and the mice in each group of DSS drank the corresponding concentration of DSS solution，all mice were treated for 7 days．And all mice drank sterilized water on day 8 to 14．The blood stool of mice was ob- served and the disease activity index，the percentage of body weight loss and the percent of survival of mice were calculated on day 1 to 14．Mice were sacrificed on day 8．The spleen index was calculated and the length of colon was measured ; HE staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of colon ; The expressions of tight junc- tion protein Claudin-1 and Occludin in colon tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry ; Immunofluorescence detected the ratio of macrophage in colon tissue ; Levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum and colon tis- sue homogenates were detected by ELISA. Results : Compared with the control group，both mice of 1. 5% DSS group and mice of 3. 0% DSS group showed similar clinical and pathological features to human UC ; The colon lengths were both shortened (P＜0. 01) ; The expressions of Claudin-1 and Occludin in colon tissue both decreased (P＜0. 01) ; Spleen index increased (P＜0. 01) ; The proportion of macrophages in colon tissue increased (P＜0. 01) ; Levels of TNF-α in serum and colon tissue homogenates both increased (P ＜0. 01 ) ．The percent of survival of 1. 5% DSS mice within 14 days was higher than that of 3. 0% DSS mice． Conclusion The acute UC model can be established efficiently and economically by giving 1. 5% concentration of DSS solution in mice for 7 days.

Gaming addiction， as a main manifestation of internet addiction， is characterized by a pattern of persistent or recurrent gaming behaviors. Gaming behaviors are common among adolescents and can result in marked distress or significant impairment in personal， family， social or other important areas of functioning. Recent research on health hazards of gaming addiction is relatively scattered. This article reviews the harm of adolescent game addiction to physical and mental health.

Motor imagery (MI), motion intention of the specific body without actual movements, has attracted wide attention in fields as neuroscience. Classification algorithms for motor imagery electroencephalogram (MI-EEG) signals are able to distinguish different MI tasks based on the physiological information contained by the EEG signals, especially the features extracted from them. In recent years, there have been some new advances in classification algorithms for MI-EEG signals in terms of classifiers versus machine learning strategies. In terms of classifiers, traditional machine learning classifiers have been improved by some researchers, deep learning and Riemannian geometry classifiers have been widely applied as well. In terms of machine learning strategies, ensemble learning, adaptive learning, and transfer learning strategies have been utilized to improve classification accuracies or reach other targets. This paper reviewed the progress of classification algorithms for MI-EEG signals, summarized and evaluated the existing classifiers and machine learning strategies, to provide new ideas for developing classification algorithms with higher performance.
Algorithms ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Electroencephalography ; Imagery, Psychotherapy ; Imagination ; Machine Learning

Objective:To determine the clinical features and genetic characters of patients with chronic enteropathy associated SLCO2A1 gene (CEAS). Methods:Five CEAS patients diagnosed at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2012 to December 2019 were enrolled in this study. The clinical manifestations, laboratory test, radiological and endoscopic findings, gene detections, treatments and prognosis of these patients were reviewed and analyzed.Results:Five male patients presented gastrointestinal symptoms after puberty, including abdominal pain, diarrhea, intermittent melena or hematochezia, incomplete bowel obstruction, anemia, hypoalbuminemia and hypokalemia. The whole gastrointestinal tract except esophagus could be involved, especially the stomach and ileum. Intestinal lesions were characterized by multiple shallow ulcers with stenosis in the layers of mucosa and submucosa. Five patients were all accompanied with primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHO), and 1 with myelofibrosis and thoracic duct dysplasia. All patients were homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations of SLCO2A1 gene. Conventional treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and COX-2 inhibitors were ineffective. Conclusions:CEAS is an autosomal recessive genetic disease which widely involves the gastrointestinal tract, and can be associated with skin and bone involvement. There is no effective treatment for CEAS at present. CEAS is a different entity from other inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases.