BACKGROUND:Acute exercise tends to cause skeletal muscle tissue damage and lipid metabolism disorders in vivo,but the mechanism by which acute exercise combined with electroacupuncture modulates metabolic and autophagic pathways in vivo is unclear. OBJECTIVE:To observe the changes in metabolic enzymes and autophagy levels in skeletal muscle of rats subjected to acute exercise by electroacupuncture at the acupoints of"Zusanli"and"Huantiao." METHODS:Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups:quiet control group(n=10),model group(n=20),and reverse electroacupuncture group(n=20).The latter two groups were set up with two time points,i.e.immediate and 3 hours after exercise groups(n=10 per time point).The model group and the reverse electroacupuncture group underwent acute exercise training after adaptive treadmill training.The rats in the reverse electroacupuncture group underwent electroacupuncture treatment(parameters:electroacupuncture on both sides of the rats at the acupoints of"Zusanli"and"Huantiao,"continuous wave,frequency of 2 Hz,intensity of 2 mA,leaving the needle in the body for 30 minutes,once a day for 7 consecutive days)before treadmill training.Bilateral gastrocnemius muscle tissues were taken under anesthesia immediately after exercise and 3 hours after exercise,and hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of rat skeletal muscle.ELISA kit was used to detect the activities of hepatic lipase,fatty acid synthase,hormone-sensitive lipase,and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 in rat skeletal muscle tissues.Immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to detect the changes in the expression of autophagy genes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After hematoxylin-eosin staining,the arrangement of gastrocnemius muscle fibers in the model group was disturbed,swollen and ruptured immediately after exercise and 3 hours after exercise.In the reverse electroacupuncture group,gastrocnemius muscle fibers were tightly arranged and the number of swollen and ruptured cells was greatly reduced immediately after exercise and 3 hours after exercise,and there was no significant difference when compared with the quiet control group.Compared with the quiet control group,the activities of hepatic lipase and fatty acid synthase were lower while the activities of lipoprotein lipase,hormone-sensitive lipase,and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 were higher in the model group and the reverse electroacupuncture group 3 hours after exercise(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the activities of lipoprotein lipase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 were higher in the reverse electroacupuncture group immediately after exercise(P＜0.05),while the activity of lipoprotein lipase was higher and the activity of hormone-sensitive lipase was lower in the reverse electroacupuncture group 3 hours after exercise(P＜0.01).Immunohistochemical results showed that compared with the quiet control group,the expression of P62,autophagy-related gene 5 and autophagy-related gene 7 was higher in the model group immediately and 3 hours after exercise,as well as in the reverse electroacupuncture group immediately after exercise(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);compared with the model group,the expression of P62 and autophagy-related gene 7 was lower in the reverse electroacupuncture group immediately and 3 hours after exercise(P＜0.05).Western blot results showed that the protein expression of P62 and autophagy-related gene 7 in the reverse electroacupuncture group was lower than that in the model group immediately after exercise(P＜0.05);the protein expression of Parkin in the model group was higher than that in the quiet control group immediately and 3 hours after exercise(P＜0.05);and the protein expression of Parkin in the reverse electroacupuncture group was lower than that in the model group immediately and 3 hours after exercise(P＜0.05).To conclude,acute exercise induces disorders,swelling and rupture of gastrocnemius muscle fibers in rats and electroacupuncture on both sides of the acupoints of"Zusanli"and"Huantiao"can improve the level of lipid metabolism and regulate autophagy cells in rat skeletal muscle,preventing the disorders of lipid metabolism and damage of gastrocnemius muscle tissues caused by acute exercise.The mechanism may be closely related to the regulation of autophagy-related factor P62,autophagy-related gene 5,autophagy-related gene 7,and Parkin protein expression to promote the occurrence of autophagy or regulate the autophagy pathway in rat skeletal muscle cells.

Artificial vascular graft(AVG)fistula is widely used for hemodialysis treatment in patients with renal failure.However,it has poor elasticity and compliance,leading to stenosis and thrombosis.The ideal artificial blood vessel for dialysis should replicate the structure and components of a real artery,which is primarily maintained by collagen in the extracellular matrix(ECM)of arterial cells.Studies have revealed that in hepatitis B virus(HBV)-induced liver fibrosis,hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)become hyperactive and produce excessive ECM fibers.Furthermore,mechanical stimulation can encourage ECM secretion and remodeling of a fiber structure.Based on the above factors,we transfected HSCs with the hepatitis B viral X(HBX)gene for simulating the process of HBV infection.Subsequently,these HBX-HSCs were implanted into a polycaprolactone-polyurethane(PCL-PU)bilayer scaffold in which the inner layer is dense and the outer layer consists of pores,which was mechanically stimulated to promote the secretion of collagen nanofiber from the HBX-HSCs and to facilitate crosslinking with the scaffold.We obtained an ECM-PCL-PU composite bionic blood vessel that could act as access for dialysis after decellularization.Then,the vessel scaffold was implanted into a rabbit's neck arteriovenous fistula model.It exhibited strong tensile strength and smooth blood flow and formed autologous blood vessels in the rabbit's body.Our study demonstrates the use of human cells to create biomimetic dialysis blood vessels,providing a novel approach for creating clinical vascular access for dialysis.

Objective To observe the effects of exercise combined with probiotic intervention on glycolipid metabolism,oxidative stress,and skeletal muscle satellite cell expression in type 2 diabetic rats.Methods From 60 8-week-old SPF-grade SD male rats,10 rats were randomly selected as the normal control group(NC),and the rest were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin,establishing a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus.The diabetic rats were randomly divided into model(TN),exercise+diabetes(YTN),probiotic+diabetes(GTN),and exercise+probiotics+diabetes(YGTN)groups.The exercise groups were subjected to 6 weeks of incremental load aerobic treadmill exercise(speed of 15 m/min for 30 min in week 1,15 m/min for 60 min in week 2,and 19.3 m/min for 60 min in weeks 3～6,with continuous training until week 6,5 days/week).The GTN and YGTN groups were administered 10.0 mL/(kg·d)of Lactibiane Iki probiotic solution(concentration of 107 CFU/mL)one hour before training.Glycolipid metabolism indexes,oxidative stress indexes,and expression of skeletal muscle satellite cell proteins were measured in rats.Results(1)The levels of fasting plasma glucose(FBG),fasting serum insulin(FINS),hemoglobin Alc(HBA1C)and(homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index(HOMA-1R)were higher in the TN,YTN,GTN,and YGTN groups than in the NC group(P＜0.01).The levels of FBG in the YGTN group were lower than those in the TN,YTN,GTN,and YGTN groups(P＜0.05).Serum FINS levels in YTN,GTN and YGTN groups were all decreased compared with those in the TN group(P＜0.01).Serum HBA1C levels were lower in the YGTN group than the TN,YTN,and GTN groups(P＜0.01).The HOMA-IR indices of rats in the YGTN group decreased more significantly compared with those in the TN,YTN,and GTN groups(P＜0.01).The result showed that FBG,FINS,HBA1C,and HOMA-IR decreased more significantly in rats in the aerobic exercise combined with probiotic intervention group than the other intervention groups.(2)Serum total cholesterol(T-CHO),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL)and free fatty acid(FFA)levels in the TN group were higher than those in the NC group(P＜0.05),and those of the YGTN group were lower than those of the TN group(P＜0.05)and basically restored to the level of the NC group.Serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL)levels were lower in the TN group than the NC group(P＜0.05),Serum HDL levels of rats in TN group were lower than those of the NC group(P＜0.05),and those in the YGTN group were higher than those of TN group(P＜0.05),which were basically restored to the level of NC group.The result showed that aerobic exercise combined with probiotic intervention reduced serum T-CHO,TG,LDL,FFA levels and increased HDL levels more significantly than other interventions in diabetic rats.(3)Serum malondialdehyde(MDA)and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α(8-isoPGF2α)levels of rats in the TN group were higher than those in the NC group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and those of rats in the YGTN group were lower than those in the TN group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Serum catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)in the TN group were lower than those in the NC group(P＜0.01),and those of rats in the YGTN group were higher than those of the NC group(P＜0.01)and were basically restored to the levels of NC group.(4)The protein expression levels of paired box gene 7(Pax7),myogenic determination gene(MyoD),myogenin(MyoG)and myogenic factor 5(Myf5)in the skeletal muscle of rats in the TN group were lower than those in the NC group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and these levels were higher in the YGTN group than the TN group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);basically,the levels were restored to those of the NC group.In the TN group,myostatin(MSTN)protein expression was higher in the TN group than the NC group(P＜0.05),and that in the YGTN group was lower than that in the TN group(P＜0.05)and basically restored to the level of the NC group.Conclusions The result showed that probiotics and aerobic exercise had a synergistic effect in improving blood glucose and insulin levels,attenuating insulin resistance,improving lipids and oxidative radicals,and preventing the phenomenon of disturbed glucose metabolism,thus achieving dynamic equilibrium regulation in type 2 diabetic rats.Aerobic exercise combined with probiotics also promoted myoblast differentiation,which played a role in preventing T2DM-induced loss of muscle mass and strength as well as muscle tissue complications.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of standardized incision and conventional incision for reduction and internal fixation of multiple rib fracture.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 192 patients with multiple rib fracture treated in 909th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force (Affiliated Dongnan Hospital of Xianmen University Medical College) from January 2020 to January 2022. There were 101 males and 91 females; aged 32-94 years [(51.5±16.6)years]. The patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation with nickel-titanium shape memory alloy embracer via standard incision such as anterior axillary longitudinal incision (standard incision group, n=96) or conventional incision such as posterolateral incision (conventional incision group, n=96). The incision length, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, number of fixed fractures, indwelling time of closed thoracic drainage tube, postoperative thoracic drainage volume, postoperative spontaneous ambulation time and length of hospital stay were compared in the two groups. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate pain at 1 month after operation. Postoperative complications were recorded. Results:All patients were followed up for 1-16 months [4.0(3.0, 10.5)months]. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, indwelling time of closed thoracic drainage tube, postoperative thoracic drainage volume, postoperative spontaneous ambulation time, length of hospital stay and VAS at postoperative 1 month in standard incision group [(12.1±1.6)cm, (51.4±13.0)minutes, (191.5±16.8)ml, (2.8±0.6)days, (568.9±109.0)ml, (4.1±0.7)days, (11.4±1.7)days, (2.5±0.7)points] were better than those in conventional incision group [(13.7±1.9)cm, (62.0±8.8)minutes, (248.9±65.4)ml, (4.8±1.1)days, (655.9±121.9)ml, (5.2±0.9)days, (15.3± 1.7)days, (3.5±0.7)points] ( P<0.05 or 0.01). There was no statistical difference in the number of fixed fractures between standard incision group and conventional incision group (5.1±0.8 vs. 5.4±0.9) ( P>0.05). In standard incision group, there were 3 patients with poor wound healing, 5 with pulmonary infection, 3 with atelectasis and 3 with small pleural effusion. In conventional incision group, there were 11 patients with poor wound healing, 9 with pulmonary infection, 7 with atelectasis and 7 with small pleural effusion. The incidence of postoperative complications was 14.6% (14/96) in standard incision group and 35.4% (34/96) in conventional incision group ( P<0.01). Conclusion:For multiple rib fracture, standard incision is superior to conventional incision reduction in shortening the incision length, operation time, indwelling time of drainage tube, postoperative spontaneous ambulation time and length of hospital stay, reducing the intraoperative blood loss and postoperative thoracic drainage volume, alleviating the pain and reducing the postoperative complications.

Zinc is one of the essential trace elements for human. It is essential for human health. In recent decades, the distribution and transport of zinc in human body have gradually become more evident. The immunomodulatory effects of zinc on the immune system have also been elucidated. Zinc is involved in regulating the cellular signaling pathways of immune cells and affecting the development of immune organs, the physiological state and function of immune cells and the secretion of cytokines. It is an indispensable element in the immune system and plays an important role in maintaining the integrity and stability of the immune system. This article briefly introduced the distribution and transportation of zinc in the human body, with the emphasis on the relationship between zinc and the development and function of immune cells.

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of HIV/syphilis joint self-testing in promoting syphilis testing among men who have sex with men (MSM).Methods:In July 2019, the research participants were recruited through the Danlan website (https://www.danlan.org). Participants who met the selection criteria, and were randomly assigned into one of the three study groups (1∶1∶1) including HIV/syphilis joint self-testing group and lottery incentive self-testing group and control group. Self-test reagents were mailed to HIV/syphilis joint self-testing group and lottery incentive self-testing group, and the subjects in control group were encouraged to go to offline locations for testing. One month later, follow-up was conducted to evaluate the differences in the testing rates of syphilis among the three groups.Results:A total of 145 subjects were included in this study, including 48 in control group, 49 in HIV/syphilis joint self-testing group and 48 in lottery incentive self-testing group. During the follow-up period, the self-testing rate of syphilis was 74.4% (32/43) in HIV/syphilis joint self-testing group, 70.0% (28/40) in lottery incentive self-testing group and 36.4% (16/44) in control group. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that the proportions of syphilis testing in HIV/syphilis joint self-testing group and lottery incentive self-testing group were 5.38 (95% CI: 2.06-14.04) times and 4.54 (95% CI: 1.75-11.74) times higher than that in control group during the follow-up period. Conclusions:HIV/syphilis joint self-testing and lottery-incentives-prompted self-testing significantly increased the testing rate of syphilis in MSM, respectively. HIV/syphilis joint self-testing is feasible for promotion.

Objective To evaluate the value in the diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia( FNH) by combining micro-flow imaging ( MFI) and color Doppler flow imaging ( CDFI) . Methods A total of 32 patients with 32 FNH lesions were enrolled in this study . Each patient underwent CDFI ,MFI ,and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography ( CEUS ) examinations . The differences in the grade and characteristic distribution of blood flow in FNH were compared between CDFI and MFI . The results were further compared with CEUS . Results There was a significant difference between MFI and CDFI in detecting the blood flow in FNH . Twenty-six cases (81 .3％ ) were detected with blood flow of grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ by MFI , however , 18 cases ( 56 .3％ ) were detected of grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ by CDFI ( P = 0 .000) . A total of 12 (37 .5％ ) lesions were correctly showed spoke-wheel arterial flow peculiar by CDFI ,whereas the number increased to 23(71 .9％ ) in combination with MFI( P = 0 .013) . Conclusions In combination with MFI , CDFI can reveal more blood flow and detect more sensitively in FNH ,which helps to diagnose FNH . To a certain degree ,it can be applied to reduce the use of CEUS .

Objective To investigate the effects of Dingkoulizhong decoction on cellular immune factors and adverse reactions in patients with advanced gastric cancer treated with chemotherapy.Methods One hundred and thirty-eight patients with advanced gastric cancer were enrolled in our hospital from October 2014to December 2016,and were randomly divided into control group (n =69) and observation group (n =69) by using the random number table.The patients of the control group were treated with FOLFOX4 chemotherapy (oxaliplatin + calcium folinate + fluorouracil),while the patients of the observation group were given by the treatment of Dingkoulizhong decoction on the basis of the control group.The peripheral blood samples of the patients were collected before and after the treatment.The levels of cellular immune factors CD3 +,CD4 +,CD8 + and CD4 +/CD8 + were detected,and the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of the patients of the two groups were observed.Results After the treatment,the number of complete remission (CR),partial remission (PR),stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD) in the observation group were 16,25,16 and 12 cases respectively,while the control group were 9,20,19 and 21 cases respectively,and there was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of clinical efficacy between the two groups (Z =4.381,P =0.036).Compared with the control group,the clinical benefit rate (CBR) of the observation group was significantly improved (59.42％ vs.42.03％),with a statistically significant difference (x2 =4.175,P =0.041).The cellular immune factors CD3 + [(52.67 ±6.21)％ vs.(53.45 ±6.54)％],CD4 + [(23.56 ±3.85)％ vs.(24.09±2.91)％],CD8 +[(28.16±3.49)％ vs.(27.87±3.26)％] and CD4 +/CD8+(1.13 ± 0.27 vs.1.19 ±± 0.31) of the patients of the observation group showed no statistically significant difference (t=0.718,P=0.474;t=0.912,P=0.363;t=0.504,P=0.615;t=1.212,P=0.227) beforeand after the treatment,but the cellular immune factor CD3 + [(50.36 ± 3.74)％ vs.(53.13 ± 6.12)％],CD4 +[(21.26±2.37)％ vs.(23.44 ±3.96)％] andCD4+/CD8*(0.96±0.26vs.1.15±0.25) of the patients of the control group after the treatment were significantly lower than those before the treatment,and CD8 +[(31.64 ± 4.05) ％ vs.(27.98 ± 3.52) ％] after the treatment was significantly higher than that before the treatment,all with statistically significant differences (t =3.208,P ＜ 0.001;t =3.924,P ＜ 0.001;t =4.289P ＜ 0.001,t =5.666,P ＜ 0.001).Compared with the control group,the level of CD3 + [(53.45 ± 6.54) ％ vs.(50.36±±3.74)％],CD4+[(24.09±±2.91)％ vs.(21.26±2.37)％] andCD4+/CD8+(1.19±0.31vs.0.96 ± 0.26) of the patients of the observation group after the treatment were significantly improved,and CD8 +[(27.87 ± 3.26) ％ vs.(31.64 ± 4.05) ％] was significantly decreased,all with statistically significant differences (t=3.407,P=0.001;t =6.264,P＜0.001;t =4.722,P＜0.001;t =6.023,P＜0.001).Compared with the control group,the total adverse reaction rate of the observation group was significantly decreased (36.23％ vs.55.07％),with a statistically significant difference (x2 =4.936,P =0.026).Conclusion Dingkoulizhong decoction can significantly improve the clinical efficacy in patients with advanced gastric cancer treated with chemotherapy,alleviate the immune function damage caused by chemotherapy,and it can reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions.

Objective To investigate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of osteosarcoma in China and analyze the incidence and clinical treatment of osteosarcoma.Methods The clinical data of 1 593 patients with osteosarcoma in 7 bone cancer treatment centers from January 2000 to February 2017 were analyzed.We retrieved large samples of documents in the database,extracted the relevant data and compared the data with this study.SPSS 13 software was used for statistical analysis and each factor was tested by x2.Results Of 1 593 patients,984 were males and 609 were females.The ratio of male to female was 1.62∶ 1.The average age was 23.2 years (range from 3-80 years).The peak age of onset was 11-20 years (52.4％).There were 217 elderly patients (＞ 40 years old).The tumors occurred in 1 524 limbs and 69 in axial bone.The most common sites of disease were distal femur 706 cases,proximal tibia 375 cases,distal humerus 117 cases and others 395 cases.There were 1 154 cases (71％) around the knee joint.The axial bone included 18 cases of spine,49 cases of pelvis and 2 cases of rib.Preoperative biopsy was performed in 1 111 cases and incisional biopsy in 280 cases.Preoperative diagnosis could be made in 1 345 cases (84.4％ of all patients,accounting for 96.7％ of biopsy patients).There were 79 cases with metastasis at first visit,accounting for 5％.Preoperative chemotherapy was performed in 1 185 cases (74.4％).With the DIA preoperative chemotherapy 271 cases,DIA+MTX 251 cases,AP 149 cases.220 cases of tumor cell necrosis rate was evaluated after operationaccording to the Huvos classification.There were78 cases of grade Ⅰ,105 cases of Ⅱ grade,35 cases of Ⅲ and 2 cases of grade Ⅳ.There were 1 299 cases undergoingpostoperative chemotherapy (81.5％),1 306 patients undergoinglimb salvage surgery (82％).Thespecific operation with prosthetic replacement is the most common (911 cases,69.8％).The postoperative chemotherapy included DIA+MTX regimen 471 cases,DIA regimen 266 cases and AP regimen 98 cases.Before and after the operation,379 cases were treated with the same chemotherapy regimen and 666 cases were changed.A total of 18 large sample documents were retrieved in Chinese data base (5 684 cases).The sex ratio,age range,peak incidence and location of the disease were similar to those of this study.The average age was 1-2 years old younger.The percentage of lung metastases associated with initial visits washigher.The rate of preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy and limb salvage waslowand the rate of tumor necrosis wasbetter after chemotherapy.A total of 22 large sample literatures were searched in foreign database (12 850 cases).The ratio of men and women is 1.30∶1 and the proportion of women is higher than the domestic data.The average age was 1-2 years older.The ratio of the knee joint was lower.The percentage of lung metastases associated with initial visits washigher.The rate of preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy and limb salvage were similar to that of this study and the rate of tumor necrosis was better after chemotherapy.Conclusion The general situation of the incidence of osteosarcoma (sex,age,location of the disease) is not significantly different from the previous reports both at home and abroad.In the treatment,preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy rate and limb salvage surgery rate have improved significantly compared with the past.The chemotherapy program from the coexistence of various programs,gradually to the DIA+MTX and DIA program as the mainstream program.

BACKGROUND: In clinical practice, the selection of dental implants with different specifications is based on the patient' s mandibular plane angle, and the long-term success rate is different in dental implants with different specifications. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the mandibular plane angle could affect the mandibular stress distribution of dental implants, thus affecting the success rate of dental implantation.OBJECTIVE: To perform an orthogonal experimental study on the mechanical effects of different implant specifications, mandibular plane angles and mandibular bone densities on stress distribution of the first mandibular molar implants.METHODS: A L9(33) orthogonal experiment was designed with 3 three-level factors, including mandibular plane angle (14°, 22°, 34°), implant diameter (6.6, 8.2, 9.6 mm), and mandibular bone density (types II, III, IV). Different dental implants with different combinations were implanted into an alveolar bone model, and placed onto a pressure testing machine under 500 N load. Then, strain (stress) data were collected in real-time and analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The optimal combination was as follows: low angle; 4.8 mm in diameter; mandibular bone with type II bone density. The relations of all the three factors were the diameter of dental implant > the mandibular plane angle > mandibular bone density. To conclude, the mandibular plane angle has some certain influences on the stability of dental implants. If the biting force is the same, dental implant bears the largest stress under the high angle,subsequently followed by the average angle and the low angle.