OBJECTIVE To establish high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） fingerprint of Xiaohe syrup and determine the contents of 10 effective ingredients in them. METHODS With 12 batches of Xiaohe syrup as samples， ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） was adopted with Athena C18 （250 mm×4.6 mm， 5 μm） as the chromatographic column， acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution as mobile phase for gradient elution. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min， and the detection wavelength was 210 nm. Similarity Evaluation System for Traditional Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprint （2012A version） was imported to establish the fingerprint of Xiaohe syrup and evaluate the similarity. The content determination was performed on ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18（ 100 mm×2.1 mm， 1.7 μm） chromatographic column， with 0.01% formic acid acetonitrile-0.01% formic acid water as mobile phase for gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min； combined with high-resolution mass spectrometer， positive and negative ions were scanned with an electric spray ion source to determine the content of each main component in 12 batches of Xiaohe syrup. RESULTS A total of 33 common peaks were calibrated in 12 batches of samples， with similarities greater than 0.97； 10 chromatographic peaks were confirmed， namely flavonoid glycosides， paeoniflorin， ferulic acid， naringin， rosmarinic acid， neohesperidin， salvianolic acid B， tetrahydropalmatine， saikosaponin A， and saikosaponin D. The results of content determination showed that the above 10 components had good linear relationships within their respective mass concentration ranges （all R 2＞0.999）， with contents ranging from 0.35 to 0.64， 3.15 to 5.61， 0.11 to 0.17， 1.68 to 3.17， 1.59 to 1.90， 1.15 to 1.64， 0.78 to 1.48， 0.11 to 0.26， 0.06 to 0.13， and 0.33 to 0.61 mg/mL， respectively. CONCLUSIONS The main components of 12 batches of Xiaohe syrup are similar， but the contents vary； HPLC fingerprint and UPLC-MS/MS content determination method established in this study can be used for comprehensive quality evaluation of Xiaohe syrup.

As an important branch of artificial intelligence,machine learning meets the demand for digital intelligence in prosthodon-tics with the rapid development and application of its algorithm.This review provides an overview of the application of machine learning algorithms in dental restoration,including the design of dental prostheses,tooth shade selection,and tooth preparation line detection.Additionally,this paper also briefly analyzes the merits of machine learning and discusses the challenges and issues in current re-search,to provide references for research on machine learning algorithms in prosthodontics.

The update of multi-omics technology is a key means to promote the rapid development of accurate health model in the whole life cycle.It can formulate dynamic and accurate nursing measures and provide massive data information from the perspective of nursing biology of health and disease.At present,clinical nursing research faces many challenges such as insufficient application and transformation ability of multi-omics technology.This paper introduces the multi-omics technology,reviews the application status of multi-omics technology in cancer nursing,maternal and child nursing,chronic metabolic disease nursing and symptom management,and puts forward the cross integration and prospect of multi-omics technology and nursing research,so as to strengthen the information mining ability of nurses at different levels of health and disease,and provide an important basis for accelerating the clinical transformation of precision nursing.

Background::Whether the dynamic weight change is an independent risk factor for mortality remains controversial. This study aimed to examine the association between weight change and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality based on the Linxian Nutrition Intervention Trial (NIT) cohort.Methods::Body weight of 21,028 healthy residents of Linxian, Henan province, aged 40-69 years was measured two times from 1986 to 1991. Outcome events were prospectively collected up to 2016. Weight maintenance group (weight change <2 kg) or stable normal weight group was treated as the reference. Cox proportional hazard model was performed to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to estimate the risk of mortality.Results::A total of 21,028 subjects were included in the final analysis. Compared with the weight maintenance group, subjects with weight loss ≥2 kg had an increased risk of death from all-cause (HR All-cause = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.09-1.19, P <0.001), cancer (HR Cancer = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03-1.21, P = 0.009), and heart disease (HR Heart diseases = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.11-1.31, P <0.001), whereas subjects with weight gain ≥5 kg had 11% (HR Cancer = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.79-0.99, P = 0.033) lower risk of cancer mortality and 23% higher risk of stroke mortality (HR Stroke = 1.23,95% CI: 1.12-1.34, P <0.001). For the change of weight status, both going from overweight to normal weight and becoming underweight within 5 years could increase the risk of total death (HR Overweight to normal = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.09-1.27; HR Becoming underweight = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.25-1.46) and cancer death (HR Overweight to normal = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.04-1.39; HR Becoming underweight = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.24-1.67), while stable overweight could increase the risk of total death (HR Stable overweight = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.05-1.17) and death from stroke (HR Stable overweight = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.33-1.56). Interaction effects were observed between age and weight change on cancer mortality, as well as between baseline BMI and weight change on all-cause, heart disease, and stroke mortality (all Pinteraction <0.01). Conclusions::Weight loss was associated with an increased risk of all-cause, cancer, and heart disease mortality, whereas excessive weight gain and stable overweight were associated with a higher risk of stroke mortality. Efforts of weight management should be taken to improve health status.Trial registration::https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/, NCT00342654.

Objective To explore the surgical techniques and experiences in the treatment of Peyronie's disease using electric rotary grinding of tunica albuginea plaques followed by graft repair with tunica vaginalis or bovine pericardium under a microscope.Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed on 21 patients with severe penile curvature due to Peyronie's disease admitted in our department from January 2021 and May 2023.All of them underwent microscopic electric rotary grinding of tunica albuginea plaques followed by graft repair surgery.Short-term and mid-term outcomes were observed.Results For the 21 enrolled patients,12(57.1％)underwent repair using unilateral tunica vaginalis,3(14.3％)underwent repair using bilateral tunica vaginalis,and 6(28.6％)underwent repair using bovine pericardium.The operation time was 170～385(average 272±69)min,and the average postoperative follow-up duration was3～24(average 12.1±7.2)months.Seventeen patients(81.0％)had their penis fully extended,while 4 patients(19.0％)had slight dorsal curvature,which was less than 10°.All patients were satisfied with the shape of their penis during erection.The change in penile length was+(1.1±0.5)cm,and 9 patients(42.9％)reported early postoperative penile head numbness,which spontaneously resolved after an average duration of 3.2±1.9 months.All patients were able to successfully engage in sexual activity,with an average penile erection hardness score of 3.8.The overall satisfaction rate was 90.5％post operatively.Conclusion Meticulous dissection of Buck's fascia under a microscope is advantageous in reliably preserving dorsal neurovascular structures.Application of an electric grinding drill for plaque ablation allows for more precise release of the tunica.Graft repair of tunica albuginea defects with testicular tunica vaginalis or bovine pericardium for Peyronie's disease yields overall favorable clinical outcomes and obtains high satisfaction.It is worthy of promotion in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the medical expense control model of rational drug use based on the China healthcare security diagnosis related groups(CHS-DRG)simulation in Beijing in 2021.Methods By analyzing the simulated operation data from January to March 2021 before the intervention,the groups with rational drug management improving potential among the top three surgical disease groups in terms of the number of cases enrolled in the surgical department were selected.Then,the targeted intervention and guidance were implemented to the selected disease groups.Finally,the analysis was obtained by comparing the changes in several key indicators such as the average drug cost,average antibacterial drug cost,average surplus and average length of stay during June to August 2021.Moreover,the differences in antimicrobial drug use intensity and hospital infection reporting of the department as a whole where the problematic groups were located were also investigated.Results Before the intervention,the otolaryngology related groups(including DD29 and DE19),urology surgery related groups(including LD19 and LJ13)could be improved in antibacterial drug use during the perioperative period.Meanwhile,the chest surgery related group(including EB19)had space to be improved in auxiliary medication.After the intervention,the five groups'average drug cost and average antibacterial drug cost in the otolaryngology and urology surgery departments are all decreased.The antibiotics use intensity is also declined in otolaryngology and urology surgery departments.The average surplus of otolaryngology and urology surgery related groups are increased,with the DE19 disease group in ENT also achieving a profit turnaround.As for the indicators related to the quality of care,there were no significant differences in the groups'average length of stay and nosocomial infection reporting of these departments.Conclusion The hospital operation based on CHS-DRG payment is both an opportunity and a challenge.The all-inclusive payment model has prompted hospitals to take the initiative in controlling costs,and the exploration of a rational medication management and cost-control model related to disease groups has begun to show results in terms of cost reductions without affecting the quality of medical care.The research can also provide a solid foundation for the CHS-DRG actual payment and sustainable development of medical insurance fund.

OBJECTIVE To predict the quality marker(Q-Marker) of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus in Wendan decoction (WDD) based on fingerprint and network pharmacology. METHODS Establish the fingerprint of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus and WDD reference samples, use Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation Software(2012A Edition)for similarity analysis and common component identification; use network pharmacology to screen the related targets and key pathways of common components, and establish the composition-target-pathway network. Predict the potential Q-marker of expectorant stop vomiting, clear gallbladder and stomach of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus in WDD, and determine its content. RESULTS The fingerprints of 15 batches of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus and 15 batches of WDD reference samples were established, and the similarity of fingerprints between 15 batches of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus and WDD reference sample >0.9. Five chemical components were identified, which were naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, nobiletin and tangerine. Network pharmacologic screen analysis to getTP53, MAPK8, EGFR, JUN, MMP9 and other 32 core targets of the five compounds and Endocrine resistance, pathways in cancer, and 10 other key pathways. Construct the "component-target-pathway" network diagram. It was predicted that naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, nobiletin and tangerine were Q-markers of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus in WDD. The contents of naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, nobiletin, tangerine in WDD were not less than 0.011 7%, 0.025 3%, 0.025 7%, 0.010 4%, 0.010 7%. CONCLUSION Q-Marker prediction analysis of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus in WDD provides a reference for establishing a complete WDD quality evaluation system, and also lays a foundation for elucidating the mechanism of its pharmacodynamic material basis.

Objective:To explore the feasibility of synthetic diamond detector in use for Flash radiation dosimetry by designing a diamond dosimeter and conducting a series of dosimetric characteristic tests.Methods:A diamond detector system prototype with real-time current output was developed using a CIVIDEC? B1HV diamond sensor and designing a large dynamic range current measurement circuit based on the pre-integration method. The dose (dose-rate) response linearity was tested under irradiation from both electron beam and X ray ultra-high dose rate. Dose (dose-rate) calibration was performed against a medical accelerator to gain the charge-dose transfer coefficient.Results:Good linear correlation ( R2 = 0.99) between detector output charge and reference dose per pulse was shown under electron beam irradiation of 0.08-0.50 Gy/pulse. Good linearity ( R2 = 0.99) is also shown under irradiation from electron beam with ultra-high dose rate (400 Gy/s) and conventional dose rate (0.5 Gy/s). Strictly linear correlation ( R2 = 1) was shown between detector output integrated charge and reference dose under X ray irradiation at ultra-high average dose rate (75.5 Gy/s) and conventional average dose rate (0.5 Gy/s). The charge-dose and current-dose rate conversion factors for practical use were 0.751 7 μC/Gy and 0.753 5 μA·Gy·s -1, respectively. Conclusions:Considerable linearity of the diamond detector dose responses were shown under irradiation both from electron beam and X-ray beam, which could provide a relatively rapid and accurate dosimetry for Flash preclinical experiments. Furthermore, diamond detectors have great potential in the quality assurance for Flash radiotherapy.

Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most fatal cancers worldwide. According to GLOBOCAN 2020, it was estimated that there were 600, 000 new EC cases and 540 000 EC deaths, while nearly half of all newly diagnosed cases of EC and associated deaths worldwide occurred in China. The annual incidence and mortality of EC have been reduced in the last 20 years in China. However, the early symptoms and signs of EC are not easily distinguished and the disease tends to be within the middle and late stage of pathogenesis when identified, leading to its low 5-year survival rate. Therefore, it could help effectively reduce the burden of EC by clarifying its etiology and risk factors, as well as taking preventive and early diagnosis measures. This article reviews the epidemiology, etiology, screening and early diagnosis of EC in China, to provide systematic references for EC prevention and control.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and the prognosis of esophageal cancer patients treated with radical radiotherapy and to predict the prognosis of the patients using the SII combined with clinical staging.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted for 248 patients with esophageal cancer who were admitted to the Department of Radiotherapy in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University between 2014 and 2016. These patients included 146 males and 102 females, with a median age of 67 years. Among them, 134 patients received concurrent chemotherapy and 114 patients received radiotherapy alone. The SII before radiotherapy was defined as platelet count × neutrophil count/lymphocyte count. The patients were divided into a low-SII group and a high-SII group according to the optimal cutoff value of pretreatment SII determined by the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. Survival analysis was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis. For these patients, the prognosis effects and the predictive value for survival of different SII levels combined with TNM staging were compared.Results:According to the ROC curves, the optimal cutoff value of SII before radiotherapy was 740.80. Based on this number, the patients were divided into a low-SII group (< 740.80, 150 cases) and a high-SII group (≥ 740.80, 98 cases). The objective response rate of the low-SII group was significantly higher than that of the high-SII group (86.0% vs 75.5%, χ2=4.39, P=0.036). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of the low-SII group were 78.6%, 45.6%, and 32.3%, respectively. These rates were significantly higher than the corresponding rates of the high-SII group, which were 71.0%, 28.3%, and 16.4% ( χ2=11.22, P=0.001), respectively. Moreover, the 1-, 3- and 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates of the low-SII group were 67.0%, 36.9%, and 32.0%, respectively. Again, these rates were significantly higher than those of the high-SII group, which were 45.5%, 17.5%, and 12.5% ( χ2=15.38, P < 0.001), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that TNM staging, treatment method, and SII were independent prognostic factors for OS and PFS ( HR=1.39-1.60, P<0.05). Patients with low SII and early clinical staging had a better prognosis than other subgroups ( χ2=13.68, 13.43, P=0.001). The area under curve (AUC) of SII combined with TNM staging (0.70) was higher than that of SII (0.63) and TNM staging (0.62) ( Z=2.48, 2.57, P < 0.05). Conclusions:Pretreatment SII has a high predictive value for the prognosis of esophageal cancer after radiotherapy, and higher SII indicates a worse prognosis. Thus, combining SII with TNM staging can improve the prediction accuracy of the prognosis of esophageal cancer patients.