OBJECTIVE To design and synthesize mono-carbonyl curcumin analogues（MCACs） and investigate the activities of them against breast cancer. METHODS The analogues F1， F2， and F3 were obtained by aldol condensation reaction， and their antitumor activities（including the activities of human breast cancer cell MCF-7 and human lung cancer cell A549） were detected by MTT assay [evaluated with half inhibitory concentration（IC50）]. The results of MTT assay were compared with those of curcumin. Bioinformatics methods were used to collect the core targets of analogues F1， F2 and F3 acting on breast cancer， and then molecular docking verification was carried out. The cell experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of high， medium and low concentrations （16， 8， 4 μmol/L） of F1， F2 and F3 on the expression of the first core target protein as well as the effects of medium concentration of F1， F2 and F3 on the expression of cleaved-caspase-3. RESULTS Compared with curcumin， IC50 of analogues F1， F2 and F3 to A549 and MCF-7 cells（except for IC50 of analogue F2 to A549 cells） were decreased significantly（P＜ 0.05 or P＜0.01）； among them， IC50 of analogue F2 to MCF-7 cell was the lowest， being（9.67±1.27） μmol/L. Bioinformatics analysis showed that index of affinity of analogues F1， F2 and F3 with the first core target epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）， protein kinase B （AKT） and AKT were 5.909 2， 8.402 5 and 6.486 6， respectively； high concentration of F1 could significantly reduce the phosphorylation level of EGFR protein in MCF-7 cells（P＜0.01）， while low， medium， and high concentrations of F2 and high concentration of F3 could significantly reduce the phosphorylation level of AKT protein in MCF-7 cells（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Medium concentration of F1， F2， and F3 could significantly increase the expression level of cleaved- caspase-3 protein in MCF-7 cells（P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Designed and synthesized MCACs F1， F2 and F3 all have good anti- breast cancer activity， and F2 has better anti-breast cancer activity.

Inflammation is involved in the development of various acute and chronic diseases in the body. Sustained inflammatory responses are key driving factors for diseases such as cancer， neurodegenerative diseases， cardiovascular diseases， metabolic syndrome， inflammatory bowel disease， and arthritis. Therefore， finding anti-inflammatory drugs is crucial for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. In recent years， there has been increasing attention to finding natural drugs with minimal toxic side effects. Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos， as traditional Chinese medicines potent in clearing heat and removing toxins， have strong biological activity and multiple pharmacological effects. They are widely distributed in the plant world and have significant medicinal value. With the continuous advancement of the research on Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos， they have been widely used in the medical field and possess great development potential. Currently， research mainly focuses on the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos， while systematic summaries of their anti-inflammatory active ingredients are rare. Therefore， this paper focuses on the differential analysis of the anti-inflammatory active components of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos. In addition， it reviewed the possible mechanisms by which extracts and active ingredients of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos may exert anti-inflammatory effects through various pathways， such as influencing the release of cellular inflammatory factors， regulating inflammatory signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）， MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK）/c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK）， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/NF-κB， and Janus kinase （JAK）/signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT） signaling pathways， increasing antioxidant stress capacity， enhancing immune defense capabilities， and improving intestinal microbiota， aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the rational clinical application of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of AHFtest-based HIV antibody self-testing among male adolescents at ages of 15 to 24 years, so as to provide insights into the promotion of HIV antibody self-testing. Methods: Data were collected from male adolescents at ages of 15 to 24 years that applied for HIV antibody self-testing in the AHFtest platform from 2019 to 2021, with mailing address showing as Zhejiang Province, and demographics, applying cause and testing results were analyzed. Results: A total of 268 male adolescents were enrolled, with a median age of 22.00 (interquartile range, 3.00) years. There were 160 cases with an educational level of junior college/bachelor (59.70%), 147 students (54.85%), 175 men who had sex with men (65.30%), and 126 cases with a history of previous HIV antibody self-testing (47.01%). The main causes for applying for HIV antibody self-testing through AHFtest were "easy to operate" (259 cases, 96.64%) and "privacy protect" (102 cases, 38.06%). There were 203 subjects that applied once HIV antibody self-testing (75.75%), and 65 subjects that applied multiple self-testing (24.25%). There were 123 subjects that uploaded their test results (45.90%), including 3 cases with HIV antibody positive, and 125 subjects that did not tell others the self-testing results (46.64%). Conclusions Among male applicants at ages of 15 to 24 years in Zhejiang Province from 2019 to 2021, students are predominant occupation. Easy to operate and privacy protect are the main cause for the application, but the proportion of detection results uploading is relatively low.

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations,molecular genetics and gonadal pathol-ogy characteristics of patients with disorders of sex development(DSD),and to summarize the clinical experi-ence of identifying rare diseases from common symptoms.Methods The clinical data of 416 patients with DSD diagnosed and treated in the multidisciplinary center of DSD of Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Cen-ter from May 2018 to August 2023 were retrospectively analyzed,summarized and discussed.Results Accord-ing to chromosome karyotype,416 cases of DSD were classified into three types:92 cases(22.1％)of abnormal sex chromosome karyotype,285 cases(68.5％)of 46,XY karyotype and 39 cases(9.4％)of 46,XX karyotype.Among the 92 patients with abnormal sex chromosome karyotype,59 cases were raised as males,18 cases(30.5％)complained of short penis with hypospadias and cryptorchidism.The most common karyotype was 45,X/46,XY(58 cases,63.0％).Among the 285 patients with 46,XY karyotype,238 cases were raised as males,and 63 cases(26.5％)complained of short penis and hypospadias;47 cases were raised as females,and 13 ca-ses(27.7％)complained of inguinal mass.A total of 216 patients with 46,XY karyotype were subjected to whole exome gene detection,and 155 cases(71.8％)were found to have molecular pathogenesis with the clinical phe-notype.Among the 39 patients with 46,XX karyotype,19 cases were raised as males,and 8 cases(42.1％)com-plained of short penis and hypospadias.In the 18 cases of gonad biopsy,17 cases showed testicular tissue in go-nads.Whole exome sequencing was performed in 14 cases.NR5A1 gene heterozygous mutation,SRY gene muta-tion and SOX3 gene mutation were found in 2 cases,respectively(14.3％).Twenty cases were raised as females,and 14 cases(70.0％)complained of clitoral hypertrophy.Gonad biopsy was performed in 8 cases,with 7 cases of ovotestis(87.5％)and 1 case of NR5A1 gene heterozygous mutation(14.3％).Conclusions The etiologies of DSD are complex and diverse,and the clinical manifestations are various,which can be manifested as hypospa-dias,micropenis,cryptorchidism and other common symptoms of the urinary system.Different etiologies have dif-ferent treatment options.Therefore,chromosome karyotype,molecular genetic testing and gonadal pathology can be used to clarify the cause of disease,especially for rare diseases,improve the detection rate,reduce the rate of missed diagnosis,and ensure reasonable treatment,especially sex selection.

Background::Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) ranks among the foremost factors responsible for mortality on a global scale. The mortality patterns of CVDs and temporal trends in China need to be well-illustrated and updated.Methods::We collected mortality data on patients with CVD from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s Disease Surveillance Points (CDC-DSP) system. The mortality of CVD in 2020 was described by age, sex, residence, and region. The temporal trend from 2013 to 2019 was evaluated using joinpoint regression, and estimated rates of decline were extrapolated until 2030 using time series models.Results::In 2019, the age-standardized mortality in China (ASMRC) per 100,000 individuals was 113.2. The ASMRC for males (137.7/10 5) and rural areas (123.0/10 5) were both higher when stratified by gender and urban/rural residence. The central region had the highest mortality (126.5/10 5), the western region had a slightly lower mortality (123.5/10 5), and the eastern region had the lowest mortality (97.3/10 5). The age-specific mortality showed an accelerated upward trend from aged 55-59 years, with maximum mortality observed in individuals over 85 years of age. The age-standardized mortality of CVD decreased by 2.43% (95% confidence interval, 1.02-3.81%) annually from 2013 to 2019. Notably, the age-specific mortality of CVD increased from 2013 to 2019 for the age group of over 85 years. In 2020, both the absolute number of CVD cases and the crude mortality of CVD have increased compared to their values in 2019. The estimated total deaths due to CVD were estimated to reach 2.3 million in 2025 and 2.4 million in 2030. Conclusion::The heightened focus on the burden of CVD among males, rural areas, the central and western of China, and individuals aged 75 years and above has emerged as a pivotal determinant in further decreasing mortalities, consequently presenting novel challenges to strategies for disease prevention and control.

Objective:Childhood traumatic experiences greatly influenced the brain network activities of patients with depression,and there is an urgent need to explore the temporal dynamics for these changes.This study aims to investigate the abnormalities of resting-state electroencephalogram(EEG)microstates in eye-open state of depressed adolescents and to explore the correlations between their EEG microstates and the childhood traumatic experience. Methods:Using resting-state EEG microstate analysis,we explored the temporal dynamics of brain activity in patients with adolescent depression.This study selected 66 adolescents with depression as a patient group,and 27 healthy adolescents as a healthy control group.A modified k-means clustering algorithm was used to classify the 64-channel resting-state EEG data into different microstates.Independent sample t-tests were used to compare the microstate parameters between the 2 groups and further assciations between these parameters and childhood traumatic experience in patients were explored via using Spearman correlation. Results:In this study,significant differences were observed in the occurrence and transition probabilities of EEG microstates between the healthy control and the patient group.Notably,there was a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05)in the occurrence of microstate A across 2 groups,exhibiting a negative correlation with the emotional abuse component within the childhood trauma scores(Spearman's rho=-0.31,P=0.013).Furthermore,patient-specific,non-random transitions from microstate B to A(Spearman's rho=-0.30,P=0.015)and C to A(Spearman's rho=-0.31,P=0.013)were inversely associated with the scores of emotional abuse factors from childhood trauma in the patient group,showing statistically significant differences when comparing to the healthy controls(P＜0.05).Upon stratification into quartiles based on the emotional abuse factor scores,the occurrence of microstate A,as well as the transition rates from microstates B to A and C to A,retained statistical significance following adjustment for multiple comparisons(all P＜0.05). Conclusion:The abnormal temporal dynamics in brain networks of adolescents with depression are linked to childhood emotional abuse.Those who have suffered severe emotional abuse may show greater impairments in the brain's visual and central executive networks.EEG microstate analysis could be a potential tool for detecting adolescent depression with severe childhood trauma.

China has classified the Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19) as a statutory category B infectious disease and managed it according to Category B since January 8, 2023.In view that Omicron variant is currently the main epidemic strain in China, in order to guide the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) infection in children with the times, refer to the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Infection (Trial 10 th Edition), Expert Consensus on Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Novel Coronavirus Infection in Children (Fourth Edition) and the Diagnosis and Treatment Strategy for Pediatric Related Viral Infections.The Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Novel Coronavirus Infection in Children (Fifth Edition) has been formulated and updated accordingly on related etiology, epidemiology, pathogenic mechanism, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examination, diagnosis and treatment, and added key points for the treatment of COVID-19 related encephalopathy, fulminating myocarditis and other serious complications for clinical reference.

Glutamate receptor-like (GLR) is an important class of Ca²⁺ channel proteins, playing important roles in plant growth and development as well as in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this paper, we performed genome-wide identification of banana GLR gene family based on banana genomic data. Moreover, we analyzed the basic physicochemical properties, gene structure, conserved motifs, promoter cis-acting elements, evolutionary relationships, and used real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to verify the expression patterns of some GLR family members under low temperature of 4 ℃ and different hormone treatments. The results showed that there were 19 MaGLR family members in Musa acuminata, 16 MbGLR family members in Musa balbisiana and 14 MiGLR family members in Musa itinerans. Most of the members were stable proteins and had signal peptides, all of them had 3-6 transmembrane structures. Prediction of subcellular localization indicated that all of them were localized on the plasma membrane and irregularly distributed on the chromosome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that banana GLRs could be divided into 3 subclades. The results of promoter cis-acting elements and transcription factor binding site prediction showed that there were multiple hormone- and stress-related response elements and 18 TFBS in banana GLR. RT-qPCR analysis showed that MaGLR1.1 and MaGLR3.5 responded positively to low temperature stress and were significantly expressed in abscisic acid/methyl jasmonate treatments. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that GLR, a highly conserved family of ion channels, may play an important role in the growth and development process and stress resistance of banana.
Musa/metabolism* ; Phylogeny ; Abscisic Acid/metabolism* ; Temperature ; Stress, Physiological/genetics* ; Hormones/metabolism* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Plant Proteins/metabolism* ; Gene Expression Profiling

OBJECTIVE To establish the correlation evaluation and quality evaluation method of HPLC fingerprint grade of color sorting Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, and provide technical basis for the grade standard of color sorting Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. METHODS The chromatographic column was SVEA C18(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm); mobile phase was acetonitrile(A)- 0.2% formic acid aqueous solution(B); gradient elution; injection volume was 10 μL; detection wave length was 245 nm; volume flow rate was 0.5 mL·min-1; column temperature was 38 ℃. The common peak determination and similarity evaluation of HPLC chromatogram data were carried out by using the Similarity Evaluation System of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprints(Version 2012); the color sorting grade evaluation was carried out by CA, PCA and PLS-DA. The first part of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 Edition was used to measure the quality control indicators, and the data were analyzed comprehensively. RESULTS A total of 28 common peaks were identified in the fingerprints, and 7 components were identified. The similarity of 24 batches of color sorting grade samples was 0.936-0.968. CA and PCA divided 28 batches of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos samples into 4 categories, which were basically consistent with the classification of color sorting, and PLS-DA achieved a discrimination result that was very consistent with the classification of color sorting. The color sorting grade was negatively correlated with the diameter, flowering rate, damage rate, and luteolin content of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. The color sorting grade was positively correlated with chlorogenic acid, 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid and 4,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid. There was a clear correlation between the color sorting of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and established fingerprint overall. There were differences in the quality of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos in the color sorting grade. Based on the sensory indicators of diameter, flowering rate, and damage rate, the content, diameter, flowering rate, and damage rate of luteolin showed a trend from high to low, ranging from third grade>second grade>first grade>special grade. The content of three phenolic acids showed a trend from high to low, ranging from special grade>first grade>second grade>third grade. Among the special grade, the content of three phenolic acids was the highest. CONCLUSION Combining the content of luteolin and phenolic acids as evaluation and control indicators for color selection grade is feasible and scientific, which can achieve intelligent color sorting grade production of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos grade.

Objective:To understand the source and related factors among heterosexual casual partners among male college students for providing AIDS prevention strategies in this population.Methods:Stratified cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among 31 674 college students in 13 colleges in Zhejiang Province, from October to November, 2018. A total of 2 665 male college students who reported having had heterosexual casual behavior and the source of their sexual partners were recruited. Data on demographic characteristics, knowledge of HIV/AIDS prevention, sexual behavior, and having received AIDS-related interventions were collected. The multivariable logistics regression model was used to analyze the related factors of the source of casual heterosexual behavior partners among male college students.Results:A total of 423 male college students having casual heterosexual sex were investigated, accounting for 15.9% (423/2 665) of the male college students who self-reported having sexual behaviors and informed their sexual partners. Among them, 39.4% (147/373), 37.5% (140/373), and 23.1% (86/373) of participants had 1, 2-4, and 5 or more heterosexual casual sexual partners, respectively. 40.1% (167/416) of participants used condoms consistently with casual partners. 143 (33.8%) participants with social individual's partners were an average age of (20.27±1.40) years old. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that: when compared with one person, common acquaintances, and no heterosexual casual partners in the previous year, the factors that related to the source of heterosexual casual partners of male college students appeared as follows: the number of heterosexual casual sexual partners ≥5 (a OR=3.00, 95% CI:1.53-5.89), seeking the casual sexual partners through entertainment venues (a OR=3.04,95% CI:1.64-5.64), male college students having sex with a regular partner in the last one year (a OR=0.41, 95% CI:0.25-0.68). Conclusions:Some of the male college students had heterosexual casual sexual behaviors, with the related factors as having five or more heterosexual casual sexual partners, seeking casual sex partners through entertainment venues, and low condom use. Self-protection awareness and ability should be emphasized to advocate safe sex to reduce the risk of AIDS transmission among college students.