Objective: To investigate the hepatitis C prevention and control knowledge among clinicians in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide the evidence for intensified training and improved diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C among clinicians. Methods: In November, 2021, clinicians were sampled using a stratified random sampling method from a city-level and a county (district)-level hepatitis C designated hospital in Jiaxing City. A questionnaire survey was performed using the Questionnaire for Hepatitis C Prevention and Control Knowledge among Clinicians, and the awareness of basic knowledge, professional knowledge and related knowledge about hepatitis C prevention and control among clinicians were descriptively analyzed. Results: A total of 186 questionnaires were allocated and 179 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate was 96.24%. The respondents included 107 men (59.78%) and 72 women (40.22%) and had a mean age of (37.06±9.46) years. There were 107 respondents with a bachelor degree (59.78%), 56 with junior professional titles (31.28%), and 170 from non-infectious disease departments (94.97%). The awareness of basic hepatitis C prevention and control knowledge was 96.09%, and the awareness of “Transfusion of blood containing hepatitis C virus may acquire hepatitis C” was high (98.88%), and the awareness of “Hepatitis C can be cured” was low (77.09%). The awareness of professional hepatitis C prevention and control knowledge was 3.91% to 100.00%, and the awareness of “Pathogens of hepatitis C” (100.00%) and “Recommended screening populations for hepatitis C” (86.59%) was high, while the awareness of “There are two categories of hepatitis C cases: clinically diagnosed cases and confirmed cases” (3.91%) and “Clinical diagnosis of hepatitis C: positive anti-HCV antibody + any one of abnormal liver function or epidemiological history or clinical symptoms” (3.91%) was low. The awareness rates of “The state has included antiviral agents against hepatitis C into medical insurance” was and “Antiviral agents against hepatitis C are reimbursed in outpatient and inpatient departments of our hospital” were 81.56% and 59.78%, respectively. There were 69 clinicians participating hepatitis C-related training within one year (38.55%), and the awareness of clinicians that had participated in hepatitis C-related training had a higher awareness rate of basic hepatitis C prevention and control knowledge than those without participation (100.00% vs. 93.64%, P<0.05). Conclusion The awareness of basic hepatitis C prevention and control knowledge is high among clinicians in Jiaxing City; however, the training on diagnosis and classification criteria of hepatitis C and related medical insurance policy require to be improved.

Abstract: Objective ， To explore the effects of lead exposure on copper level copper transporter protein expression and Methods oxidative stress in mouse cerebral cortex. The specific pathogen free adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly ， - - - divided into control group low lead exposure group and high lead exposure group with 10 mice in each group. The mice in low - ， and high lead exposure groups were respectively given 250 and 500 mg/L lead acetate in drinking water every day and the mice - ， in the control group were given double distilled water for 12 weeks. Twenty four hours after exposure Morris water maze and ， elevated cross maze were used to test the neurobehavioral function of mice. The cerebral cortex of mice was isolated and the levels of lead and copper were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The activities of glutathione （ - ）， （ ） （ ） peroxidase GSH Px catalase CAT and malondialdehyde MDA were detected by histochemical method. The relative （ ） ， ， expression levels of copper transporter such as synthesis of cytochrome C oxidase SCO 1 SCO 2 and cytochrome C oxidase （ ） Results - - assembly protein 11 COX11 were detected by western blot. The escape latencies of mice in the low and high lead （ P ）， ， - exposure groups were prolonged all <0.05 while the number of crossing the platform the percentage of open arm entry - （ P ） times and the percentage of open arm retention time decreased all <0.05 compared with the control group. Mice in both the - - （ P ）， - low and high lead exposure groups increased levels of lead and copper in the cerebral cortex all <0.05 decreased GSH Px （ P ）， （ P ） and CAT activity all <0.05 and increased SCO1 relative expression all <0.05 compared with the control group. Mice in - （P ）， - the high lead exposure group showed prolonged escape latency <0.05 reduced GSH Px and CAT activities in the cerebral （ P ）， （ P ） - cortex all <0.05 increased MDA level and relative expression of SCO1 and SCO2 all <0.05 compared to mice in the low Conclusion - lead exposure group. Lead exposure increased the expression of copper and copper transport related proteins in mouse cerebral cortex and induced oxidative stress leading to central nervous system damage resulting in neurobehavioral abnormalities in mice.

Objective:To explore the correlation and mechanism between thalamic network abnormality and cognitive decline in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).Methods:A total of 53 patients with unilateral TLE were consecutively enrolled through the epilepsy clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from December 2018 to February 2020. During the same recruitment interval, 37 health controls(HC) with matching demographic characteristic were recruited. All subjects were received the Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA) test and multimodal MRI scanning. Voxel-based morphometry method was used to study the changes of thalamic gray matter volume in patients with unilateral TLE. The structural covariance network and functional connectivity network based on seed points were used to analyze the changes of thalamic network in TLE patients. In addition, the correlations among abnormal thalamic structure, thalamic network and cognitive function score were analyzed. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Independent sample t-test and Mann Whitney U test were used for inter group comparison. In order to explore the relationship between thalamus and thalamic network and cognitive performance in TLE patients, thalamic volume and gray matter volume and functional connection value of brain areas with abnormal synergistic changes were extracted and correlated with MoCA score. Results:The total score of MoCA in TLE patients (27.0(25.0, 29.0)) was significantly decreased compared with HC (29.0(28.0, 30.0))( Z=-4.601, P<0.001). Whole brain gray matter volume analysis showed that compared with HCTLE patients showed significant volume reduction in left cerebellum, right temporal pole, right fusiform gyrus, straight gyrus, bilateral middle temporal gyrus, thalamus, medial and paracingulate gyrus (GRF adjusted, voxel-level P<0.001 and cluster-level P<0.05). The thalamus-associated structural covariance network analysis revealed that compared with healthy controls, TLE patients exhibited decreased connectivity in right fusiform gyrus (MNI: x=28.5, y=-15.0, z=-34.5), left insula (MNI: x=-33.0, y=-18.0, z=-1.5), right middle temporal gyrus (MNI: x=55.5, y=-51.0, z=9.0), left complementary motor area (MNI: x=-10.5, y=1.5, z=57.0) and right posterior central gyrus (MNI: x=31.5, y=-33.0, z=51.0) ( P<0.001, cluster > 100). The thalamus-associated functional connectivity network analysis revealed that TLE patients exhibited decreased connectivity in left insula (MNI: x=-38, y=-7, z=-7), left lingual gyrus (MNI: x=-6, y=-81, z=-12), right lingual gyrus (MNI: x=15, y=-105, z=0) and left triangular inferior frontal gyrus (MNI: x=-39, y=36, z=-6) (GRF correction, voxel-level P<0.001 and cluster-level P<0.05). Volume of left insula which had decreased structural connectivity with thalamus were positively correlated with the MoCA score in TLE patients( r=0.279, P=0.043). Volume of left complementary motor area which had decreased structural connectivity with thalamus was positively correalated with the MoCA score and language score in TLE patients( r=0.323, P=0.018; r=0.334, P=0.015). Volume of left lingual gyrus which had decreased functional connectivity with thalamus was negatively correalated with the memory score in TLE patients ( r=-0.331, P=0.016). Conclusion:Thalamic volume, thalamic structural covariant network and functional connection network are changed in TLE patients. The abnormality of thalamic network is associated with cognitive performance in TLE patients, which may be the neural mechanism of thalamus participating in the cognitive impairment of TLE patients.

Objective:To compare the effect of temporal external fixator and digital guide plate in the immediate reconstruction of mandibular defect after segmental mandibulectomy.Methods:The clinical data of all patients who received segmental mandibulectomy and immediate mandibular reconstruction with free vascularized bone graft by a single surgical team in the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from August 2016 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. According to different auxiliary methods, the patients were divided into temporal external fixator (TEF) group and computer aided design-manufacture (CAD-CAM) group. The width of mandible, length of mandibular body and vertical dimension of inferior 1/3 face were measured by CT before and one month after surgery, and the difference before and after surgery was calculated to evaluate the surgical effect. SPSS 19.0 was used for statistical analysis, and the data were expressed as Mean ± SD. Independent sample t-test was used for comparison of indexes of surgical time and surgical effect evaluation between the two groups, and P<0.05 indicated statistically significant differences. Results:A total of 29 patients were enrolled, including 13 patients in TEF group, 4 males and 9 females, aged (47.7±14.5) years, including 7 ameloblastomas, 2 squamous cell carcinomas, 2 abnormal proliferation of bone fibers, 1 rhabdomyosarcoma and 1 osteosarcoma. In the CAD-CAM group, there were 16 cases, including 11 males and 5 females, aged (42.4±19.7) years, including 10 ameloblastomas, 3 squamous cell carcinomas, 1 osteoblastoma, 1 otogenic fibromyxoma and 1 osteosarcoma. The bone grafts in 29 patients were all alive, the wounds healed primarily, and the occlusal relationship and facial contour of the patients were fine. After 3 years follow-up, there were no postoperative complications and tumor recurrence. The function of the supply area was not affected. The operative time was (7.12±1.40) h in the TEF group and (4.72±1.10) h in the CAD-CAM group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P<0.01). In the TEF group, the difference of the width of mandible, length of mandibular body and vertical dimension of inferior 1/3 face were (1.08±1.12) mm, (2.08±1.61) mm, (1.77±3.15) mm, respectively; CAD-CAM group were (0.88±1.15) mm, (0.94±1.34) mm, (0.87±1.47) mm, respectively, and there was no statistical significance between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:It took significantly longer to perform immediate mandibular reconstruction assisted by TEF than that assisted by CAD-CAM in surgery, but both groups achieved better surgical results. It is simpler and more effective to use TEF when time is urgent or technology is too limited to carry out preoperative digital design.

Objective:To compare the effect of temporal external fixator and digital guide plate in the immediate reconstruction of mandibular defect after segmental mandibulectomy.Methods:The clinical data of all patients who received segmental mandibulectomy and immediate mandibular reconstruction with free vascularized bone graft by a single surgical team in the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from August 2016 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. According to different auxiliary methods, the patients were divided into temporal external fixator (TEF) group and computer aided design-manufacture (CAD-CAM) group. The width of mandible, length of mandibular body and vertical dimension of inferior 1/3 face were measured by CT before and one month after surgery, and the difference before and after surgery was calculated to evaluate the surgical effect. SPSS 19.0 was used for statistical analysis, and the data were expressed as Mean ± SD. Independent sample t-test was used for comparison of indexes of surgical time and surgical effect evaluation between the two groups, and P<0.05 indicated statistically significant differences. Results:A total of 29 patients were enrolled, including 13 patients in TEF group, 4 males and 9 females, aged (47.7±14.5) years, including 7 ameloblastomas, 2 squamous cell carcinomas, 2 abnormal proliferation of bone fibers, 1 rhabdomyosarcoma and 1 osteosarcoma. In the CAD-CAM group, there were 16 cases, including 11 males and 5 females, aged (42.4±19.7) years, including 10 ameloblastomas, 3 squamous cell carcinomas, 1 osteoblastoma, 1 otogenic fibromyxoma and 1 osteosarcoma. The bone grafts in 29 patients were all alive, the wounds healed primarily, and the occlusal relationship and facial contour of the patients were fine. After 3 years follow-up, there were no postoperative complications and tumor recurrence. The function of the supply area was not affected. The operative time was (7.12±1.40) h in the TEF group and (4.72±1.10) h in the CAD-CAM group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P<0.01). In the TEF group, the difference of the width of mandible, length of mandibular body and vertical dimension of inferior 1/3 face were (1.08±1.12) mm, (2.08±1.61) mm, (1.77±3.15) mm, respectively; CAD-CAM group were (0.88±1.15) mm, (0.94±1.34) mm, (0.87±1.47) mm, respectively, and there was no statistical significance between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:It took significantly longer to perform immediate mandibular reconstruction assisted by TEF than that assisted by CAD-CAM in surgery, but both groups achieved better surgical results. It is simpler and more effective to use TEF when time is urgent or technology is too limited to carry out preoperative digital design.

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics and differences of HIV-positive cases among 15-24 years old in Jiaxing city and provide evidence for the development of targeted prevention and control measures. Methods: A descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data of HIV cases aged 15-24 reported in Jiaxing from 1999 to 2018. Results: A total of 375 cases of young HIV were reported in 1999-2018, with an average age of 21.29±1.90 years, of which 42 were students. The ratio of male to female was 2.47∶1. The proportion of foreign household registration was higher (76%, 285 cases). The proportion of off-campus youth cases in total cases showed a downward trend(χ2=8.26, P=0.00), but the proportion of student cases showed an upward trend(χ2=15.73, P<0.01). Off-campus youth cases were mainly heterosexual transmission(59.16%, 197 cases), and the students’ cases were mainly homosexual transmission(88.10%, 37 cases). There were significant differences in gender, age, household registration, education level, route of transmission, late detection, CD4 level and source of detection among students and off-campus adolescents(P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of AIDS in adolescents and students is worthy of attention. The characteristics of adolescents inside and outside the school are different. Targeted prevention measures should be taken to reduce the harm of AIDS to young people.

A biomarker is defined as a biological molecule found in the blood, other body fluids, or tissues that is a sign of normal or abnormal processes or a condition or disease. In cancer research, biomarkers are classified as diagnostic, prognostic, or predictive. The identification and application of biomarkers in clinical practice are important for evaluating their usefulness for clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognostic warning and for determining the biological effects of anti-cancer drugs, and they are currently one of the hottest topics in oncological translational research. Currently, translational research on biomarkers mostly focus on oncological diagnosis and molecular typing, targeted therapy, treatment protocol selection and optimization, prognostic prediction, etc. Here, we review the progress of translational research on treatments based on biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma as well as the clinical application of inhibitors targeting EGFR, PD1, PI3K, WEE1, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, the SHH pathway, and the ERK pathway. The prospect of research strategies for personalized treatments based on biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma is also discussed.

Inhibitors of kinesin spindle protein (KSP) are a promising class of anticancer agents that cause mitotic arrest and induce apoptosis of tumor cells. A series of novel tetrahydro-beta-carboline derivatives were synthesized as kinesin spindle protein inhibitor and evaluated as potential antitumor agents. All compounds showed promising KSP inhibitiory activity. Compounds 8 and 9 exhibited better antitumor activity (Lung/A549, Stomach/AGS) than CK0106023 with GI50/IC50 values (1.07/1.62 and 1.46/3.27 micromol x L(-1), 1.09/>10 and 1.22/6.33 micromol x L(-1), respectively).

Inhibitors of kinesin spindle protein (KSP) are a promising class of anticancer agents that cause mitotic arrest and induce apoptosis of tumor cells. A series of novel tetrahydro-beta-carboline derivatives were synthesized as kinesin spindle protein inhibitor and evaluated as potential antitumor agents. All compounds showed promising KSP inhibitiory activity. Compounds 8 and 9 exhibited better antitumor activity (Lung/A549, Stomach/AGS) than CK0106023 with GI50/IC50 values (1.07/1.62 and 1.46/3.27 micromol x L(-1), 1.09/>10 and 1.22/6.33 micromol x L(-1), respectively).

With the development of the research on biotechnology and modern pharmacy, the application of enzyme drugs have grown rapidly and enzyme drugs have become an important branch of biopharmaceutics. In this article, some new varieties of therapeutic enzymes, enzyme targets, mechanisms and new technologies of application in therapeutic enzymes were reviewed, and the direction of development of therapeutic enzymes were discussed.
Adenosine Deaminase ; genetics ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Enzyme Replacement Therapy ; methods ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Protein C ; genetics ; therapeutic use ; RNA, Catalytic ; genetics ; therapeutic use ; Streptokinase ; genetics ; therapeutic use ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator ; genetics ; therapeutic use