Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for about 13%~17% of primary bronchial lung cancer. Due to its rapid growth rate, aggressive behavior, early metastasis and poor prognosis, about 70% of patients were diagnosed with extensive-stage (ES) disease. Although most ES-SCLC patients are sensitive to initial chemotherapy, local recurrence and distant metastasis develop in the short term. Immunotherapy has brought the dawn to overcome it. At present, immune checkpoint inhibitor combined with chemotherapy has become an important strategy as first-line therapy for ES-SCLC. Nevertheless, patients are still at a high risk of chest lesion recurrence after initial systemic therapy. Whether the addition of thoracic consolidation radiotherapy (TRT) can reduce chest lesion recurrence rate remains to be determined. In this review, we summarized the latest research progress in the mode of first-line chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy followed by TRT in ES-SCLC, aiming to provide reference for clinical practice.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for about 13%~17% of primary bronchial lung cancer. Due to its rapid growth rate, aggressive behavior, early metastasis and poor prognosis, about 70% of patients were diagnosed with extensive-stage (ES) disease. Although most ES-SCLC patients are sensitive to initial chemotherapy, local recurrence and distant metastasis develop in the short term. Immunotherapy has brought the dawn to overcome it. At present, immune checkpoint inhibitor combined with chemotherapy has become an important strategy as first-line therapy for ES-SCLC. Nevertheless, patients are still at a high risk of chest lesion recurrence after initial systemic therapy. Whether the addition of thoracic consolidation radiotherapy (TRT) can reduce chest lesion recurrence rate remains to be determined. In this review, we summarized the latest research progress in the mode of first-line chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy followed by TRT in ES-SCLC, aiming to provide reference for clinical practice.

The incidence of intracranial aneurysms is high, which is the first cause of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. The preparation of animal models for intracranial aneurysms is becoming increasingly mature, and has played an important role in research fields of etiology and intervention materials for intracranial aneurysms. This article reviews preparation methods and animal selection of animal model for intracranial aneurysms.

Abstract: Objective　This study is assigned to explore the expression of CD85d in acute myeloid leukemia and its clinical significance in the diagnosis of monocyte associated acute myeloid leukemia. Methods　We used flow cytometry by CD45/SSC to analyze the expression of CD85d, CD14, CD64 in 46 monocyte associated acute myeloid leukemia (M-AML) and 60 non monocyte associated acute myeloid leukemia (NM-AML) patients admitted to the Hematology Department of Hainan General Hospital from March 2022 to December 2023. Results　Both normal granulocytes and normal monocytes express CD85d, and monocytes express fluorescence with stronger intensity than granulocytes. CD85d is not expressed in normal lymphocytes.The positive expression rate of CD85d in M-AML was 80.4%（37/46）, which was significantly higher than that in NM-AML 3.3%（2/60), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).The sensitivity of diagnosing M-AML was ranked from high to low as CD64 (87.0%)>CD85d (80.4%)>CD14 (34.8%). The specificity of diagnosing M-AML was ranked from high to low as with CD14 (100%)>CD85d (96.7%)>CD64 (56.7%).The sensitivity and specificity of CD85d combined with CD64 in diagnosing M-AML were 89.1% and 56.7%.There was no statistically significant difference between the detection rate of abnormal karyotypes (53.8%), positive rate of the fusion genes(26.9%), the CR rate (78.3%) in CD85d+ AML and that in CD85d- AML (66.0%, 50.0%, 70.0%) (P>0.05).Conclusion　CD85d can be used as a new high sensitivity and specific surface marker for immature monocytes, which is helpful to improve the detection rate of M-AML and differential diagnosis with NM-AML subtypes.

The symptoms of pulmonary nodules are insidious,with inflammatory nodules,inflammatory granuloma,early invasive cancer and lung cancer,and the clinical differential diagnosis is still difficult.Regular CT follow-up observation of most pulmonary nodules provides a"window period"for TCM Intervention in pulmonary nodules.From the aspects of external cold attacking the lung,dense cold and humid geographical environment,cold diet,summer air conditioning,etc.,this paper considers that the soaking of cold pathogenic factors is the basic cause of the formation of pulmonary nodules,and cold phlegm are the basic pathogenesis of pulmonary nodules.The clinical manifestations of cold phlegm in pulmonary nodules are summarized from the two actual situations that can be distinguished from clinical symptoms and no symptoms.It is proposed that Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction and Sanzi Yangqin decoction are the basic formulas,Discussion on the treatment of pulmonary nodules by warming yang and dispelling cold to cure the root cause,eliminating phlegm and softening hard mass to treat the symptoms;Improve the ability of TCM diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary nodules.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease characterized by progressive lung fibrogenesis and histological features of usual interstitial pneumonia. IPF has a poor prognosis and presents a spectrum of disease courses ranging from slow evolving disease to rapid deterioration; thus, a differential diagnosis remains challenging. Several biomarkers have been identified to achieve a differential diagnosis; however, comprehensive reviews are lacking. This review summarizes over 100 biomarkers which can be divided into six categories according to their functions: differentially expressed biomarkers in the IPF compared to healthy controls; biomarkers distinguishing IPF from other types of interstitial lung disease; biomarkers differentiating acute exacerbation of IPF from stable disease; biomarkers predicting disease progression; biomarkers related to disease severity; and biomarkers related to treatment. Specimen used for the diagnosis of IPF included serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung tissue, and sputum. IPF-specific biomarkers are of great clinical value for the differential diagnosis of IPF. Currently, the physiological measurements used to evaluate the occurrence of acute exacerbation, disease progression, and disease severity have limitations. Combining physiological measurements with biomarkers may increase the accuracy and sensitivity of diagnosis and disease evaluation of IPF. Most biomarkers described in this review are not routinely used in clinical practice. Future large-scale multicenter studies are required to design and validate suitable biomarker panels that have diagnostic utility for IPF.
Humans ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/diagnosis* ; Biomarkers ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Lung ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Disease Progression ; Prognosis

Cardiac-resident macrophages (CRMs) play important roles in homeostasis, cardiac function, and remodeling. Although CRMs play critical roles in cardiac regeneration of neonatal mice, their roles are yet to be fully elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes of CRMs during cardiac ontogeny and analyze the phenotypic and functional properties of CRMs in the promotion of cardiac regeneration. During mouse cardiac ontogeny, four CRM subsets exist successively: CX₃CR1⁺CCR2^-Ly6C^-MHCII^- (MP1), CX₃CR1^lowCCR2^lowLy6C^-MHCII^- (MP2), CX₃CR1^-CCR2⁺Ly6C⁺MHCII^- (MP3), and CX₃CR1⁺CCR2^-Ly6C^-MHCII⁺ (MP4). MP1 cluster has different derivations (yolk sac, fetal liver, and bone marrow) and multiple functions population. Embryonic and neonatal-derived-MP1 directly promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation through Jagged-1-Notch1 axis and significantly ameliorated cardiac injury following myocardial infarction. MP2/3 subsets could survive throughout adulthood. MP4, the main population in adult mouse hearts, contributed to inflammation. During ontogeny, MP1 can convert into MP4 triggered by changes in the cellular redox state. These findings delineate the evolutionary dynamics of CRMs under physiological conditions and found direct evidence that embryonic and neonatal-derived CRMs regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation. Our findings also shed light on cardiac repair following injury.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC).Methods:The clinical data of seven pregnant women with LVNC from January 2011 to December 2021 in Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital Medical University were retrospectively analyzed, including age, gestational age of symptom first occured, LVNC history, clinical symptoms, New York Heart Association (NYHA) cardiac function class, echocardiography, blood brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), treatment and the maternal and fetal outcomes.Results:Five cases were diagnosed before pregnancy, of which there were three women with medication; one case diagnosed in the month of pregnancy; one case diagnosed at 36 weeks of gestation. NYHA cardiac function was grade Ⅰ in four cases and grade Ⅱ in three cases before or during the first trimester of pregnancy. Of the five pregnant women who underwent echocardiography, there were one case of left ventricular insufficiency, three cases of mild left ventricular dysfunction and one case of normal left ventricular function before or during the first trimester of pregnancy. Of the five pregnant women to the second and third trimester of pregnancy, there were one case of grade Ⅳ, one case of grade Ⅲ, two cases of grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ and one case of grade Ⅱ in NYHA class ; three cases of left ventricular insufficiency, two cases of normal left ventricular function by echocardiography four cases had cardiac symptoms at 15-24 weeks of gestation and were treated with medication. In four cases, blood BNP increased to 214-1 197 ng/L during pregnancy, and were 89-106 ng/L after termination of pregnancy. There were 4 cases with arrhythmia. Indications for termination of pregnancy: LVNC complicated with heart failure in two cases, LVNC complicated with decreased cardiac function and threatened preterm birth in one case, complicated with pregnancy at full term in two cases, LVNC complicated with severe pulmonary hypertension in one case, and left ventricular dysfunction in one case. Cesarean section in four cases in the third-trimester, in one case in the second-trimester, and forceps curettage in two cases were taken. Two full-term infants,two preterm infants were born without LVNC.Conclusions:Women diagnosed with LVNC and low left ventricular ejection fraction before pregnancy are more prone to decreased cardiac function during pregnancy. Carrying out pregnancy risk assessment and strengthening the multi-disciplinary team management of high risk factors in pregnancy are conducive to achieve good pregnancy outcomes.

Objective:To investigate and analyze the mutation of homeobox D13 (HOXD13) gene in a pedigree with synpolydactyly.Methods:The data of a pedigree with synpolydactyly who were treated by the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University in August 2013 were collected. The proband and all members were diagnosed based on clinical manifestations, imaging, and family history. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of some members in the pedigree. The HOXD13 gene was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequence analysis.Results:Among the 35 members of this 4-generation family, 12 patients were affected(5 males and 7 females), and the proband was a 20 years old female patient. All the patients had bilateral 3rd and 4th syndactyly with clinodactyly, which could not be extended, and the remaining fingers could move freely. The foot showed unilateral or bilateral 4th and 5th syndactyly with polydactyly in soft tissue web, which was consistent with the typical autosomal dominant synpolydactyly phenotypic characteristics. The analysis of HOXD13 gene in 19 family members (12 normal members and 7 patients) showed that the nucleotide sequences of HOXD13 gene in 12 normal members were normal, and 9 alanine residues were inserted into the polyalanine chain of the first exon 1 of HOXD13 gene in the 7 patients, which extended the alanine residue base from the normal 15 to 24.Conclusions:The pathogenic mutation of HOXD13 gene in this pedigree was the extension mutation of polyalanine chain, which resulted in the typical synpolydactyly.

Objective:To investigate and analyze the mutation of homeobox D13 (HOXD13) gene in a pedigree with synpolydactyly.Methods:The data of a pedigree with synpolydactyly who were treated by the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University in August 2013 were collected. The proband and all members were diagnosed based on clinical manifestations, imaging, and family history. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of some members in the pedigree. The HOXD13 gene was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequence analysis.Results:Among the 35 members of this 4-generation family, 12 patients were affected(5 males and 7 females), and the proband was a 20 years old female patient. All the patients had bilateral 3rd and 4th syndactyly with clinodactyly, which could not be extended, and the remaining fingers could move freely. The foot showed unilateral or bilateral 4th and 5th syndactyly with polydactyly in soft tissue web, which was consistent with the typical autosomal dominant synpolydactyly phenotypic characteristics. The analysis of HOXD13 gene in 19 family members (12 normal members and 7 patients) showed that the nucleotide sequences of HOXD13 gene in 12 normal members were normal, and 9 alanine residues were inserted into the polyalanine chain of the first exon 1 of HOXD13 gene in the 7 patients, which extended the alanine residue base from the normal 15 to 24.Conclusions:The pathogenic mutation of HOXD13 gene in this pedigree was the extension mutation of polyalanine chain, which resulted in the typical synpolydactyly.