Ocular surface squamous neoplasia(OSSN)is a series of pathological solid tumors formed by dysplasia of keratoconjunctival epithelium, which is one of the most common ocular surface tumors in adults. In the past two decades, the treatment of OSSN has gradually changed from surgical resection to topical chemotherapy. Interferons, 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin are the most commonly used topical agents for the clinical treatment of this disease. This paper summarizes the diagnosis of OSSN and various local chemotherapy treatment options, highlights the potential role of high-resolution optical coherence tomography(HR-OCT)technology in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Abstract According to the Healthy China Action Plan, Wuhan gives full play to the role of preventing and controlling student myopia by promoting student health. The primary focus is placed on education in schools, and Wuhan has integrated educational resources to develop a multi-level myopia prevention and control system and service network for school students. The network contains educational adminstrative, schools, families, and professional technical service organizations. By integrating multiple disciplines, Wuhan has built a comprehensive vision health management service system for all students. The Internet and cloud intelligent monitoring facilitated the establishment of a smart vision health management platform for students, which thoroughly and efficiently implemented myopia prevention and control to safeguard students visual health by engaging in education, monitoring, and supervision. The prevention and control of student myopia is a breakthrough for comprehensive healthy development of students. A comparison of the standard myopia rate in Wuhan in 2019 and 2018 revealed that the standard myopia rate at different learning stages of primary school, junior high school, and high school dropped by 3.31, 2.50, and 2.26 percentage points, respectively, and the rate of myopia in primary school was significantly lower than the national level. Post-epidemic surveys showed that the compliance rate and the awareness rate of the visual environment and visual behaviors of primary and secondary school students in Wuhan reached more than 80%, and prevalence of newly onset myopia or decreased vision was 30%, which was lower than the national average. The "Wuhan Model" provides an important referential framework for public health services for school students.

Objective: To investigate a cluster of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by latent infection in Haikou,so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of COVID-19 clusters. Methods: An epidemiological investigation was conducted according to the COVID-19 Prevention and Control Program(Fourth Edition). The course of diagnosis and treatment,clinical characteristics and field investigation data were collected to analyze the transmission chain and the intergeneration between cases. Results : Among 39 people involved,five confirmed cases and two asymptomatic infections were found,with an attack rate of 17.95%. The cases aged from 40 to 65 years and lived in the dormitories near the farm of Dongshan. The first case(named Case 1)closely contacted with a confirmed case of COVID-19 in Chengmai from January 28 to February 10,was isolated on February 13 and developed symptoms on February 16. The other six cases(Case 2 to Case 7)shared the water source with Case 1 from January 28 to February 13(within the incubation period of Case 1). They needed to open the power switch outside Case 1's room and the water valve in Case 1's washroom before the use of water. They might be infected by contacting the doorknob and the water valve contacted by Case 1,or by the aerosol formed after Case 1 used the washroom,then infected each other when living together. The onset of Case 2 to Case 7 was earlier than Case 1,and they had no travelling history in Hubei Province 14 days before and contacted no confirmed cases except Case 1. Therefore,Case 1 was the source of the cluster during his incubation period of COVID-19. Conclusion This was a cluster of COVID-19 due to latent transmission by living in the same area and touching the same objects indirectly,which indicated that COVID-19 was infectious in the incubation period.

An expert consensus about the clinical diagnosis and treatment of dry eye was documented in 2013 by a corneal expert group of Chinese Ophthalmological Society.However, due to the rapid development of diagnostic and therapeutic devices of dry eye, researoh on dry eye has made significont progress in China since then.Consequently, the existing expert consensus cannot meet the needs of clinical practice.It is therefore urgent to develop a series of standardized diagnosis and treatment protocols, and publish a new consensus of experts and an operating guideline.At the same time, basic, clinical, and translational research on dry eye should be promoted to provide better services to the patients with dry eyes.On January 12, 2019 many experts in the field of dry eye in China held a panel discussion of dry eye study in Guangzhou to analyze the current development status and trends in the field of dry eye in China and abroad.In that meeting, opinions and recommendations were put forward based on a new understanding of the definition of dry eye, new concepts of dysfunctional dry eye, advances its diagnosis and classification, refinement and standardization of dry eye treatment, and the future development of dry eye research.

Objective Because of statistical noise in Monte Carlo dose calculations,the effective point doses may not be accurately calculated.A user-defined sphere volume was adopted to substitute the effective point to take sphere sampling around the effective point,which minimize the random errors and improve the accuracy of statistical dose.Methods Direct dose measurements were performed at 0°and 90° using a 0.125 cm3 Semiflex ionization chamber (IC) 31010 isocentrically placed in the center of a homogeneous Cylindric sliced RW3 phantom (PTW,Germany).In the scanned CT phantom series,the sensitive volume length of the IC (6.5 mm) was delineated and the isocenter was defined as the simulated effective point.All beams were simulated in the treatment planning system (TPS) in accordance to the measured model.The grid spacing was calculated by 2 mm voxels and the relative standard deviation should be ≤ 0.5％.The statistical and measured doses were statistically compared among three IC models with different electron densities (ED;esophageal lumen ED =0.210 g/cm3 for model A,air ED =0.001 g/cm3 for model B and the default CT scanned ED for model C) at different sampling sphere radius (2.5,2.0,1.5 and 1.0 mm) to evaluate the effect of Monte Carlo.calculation uncertainty upon the dose accuracy.Results In the Monaco TPS,the statistical value was in the highest accordance with the measured value with an absolute average deviation of 0.49％ when the IC was set as esophageal lumen ED =0.210 g/cm3 and the sampling sphere radius was 1.5 mm.When the IC was set as air ED=0.001 g/cm3 and default CT scanned ED,and,the recommended statistical sampling sphere radius was 2.5 mm,the absolute average deviations were 0.61％ and 0.70％.Conclusion In the Monaco TPS,the calculation model with an ED of 0.210 g/cm3 and a sampling radius of 1.5 mm is recommended for the ionization chamber 31010 to substitute the effective point dose measurement to decrease the random stochastic errors of Monte Carlo.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of drilling and drainage combined with atorvastatin calcium tablets in treatment of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH).Methods Totally,46 patients with CSDH,admitted to and received therapy in our hospital from January 2014 to January 2017,were selected for this research.These patients were divided into control group (n=16) and experimental group (n=30) according to therapeutic schemes.The patients from the control group underwent drilling and drainage.Besides that,the patients from the experimental group were given atorvastatin calcium tablets additionally,20 mg/d×2 months.Two months after that,the curative efficacy,hematoma volume before and after operation,pneumocephalus volume one week after operation,duration of tube drainage,length of hospital stay,China stroke scale (CSS) scores,activities of daily life-Barthel index scale (ADL-BI) and visual analog scale (VAS) score were compared between the patients from the two groups.Results Two months after treatment,patients from the experimental group had significantly decreased hematoma volume as compared with those from the control group (P＜0.05).The hematoma volume in both groups 2 months after treatment was significantly decreased as compared with that before treatment (P＜0.05).The pneumocephalus volume,indwelling time of drainage tube,and hospital stays in the experimental group were significantly shorter/lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05).The CSS scores and VAS scores in the experimental group 2 months after treatment were significantly lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05).The ADL-BI scores in the experimental group 2 months after treatment were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05).The ADL-BI scores in both groups 2 months after treatment was significantly increased as compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05).Conclusion As compared with simple use of drilling and drainage,drilling and drainage combined with atorvastatin calcium tablets can help hematoma absorption,decrease incidence of pneumocephalu,and improve prognosis effectively.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between the serum levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and achilles tendon thickness (ATT).
Methods: We studied 154 patients with high serum level of LDL-C (LDL-C≥3.37 mmol/L) from 2014-03 to 2015-03, the patients were at (18-75) years of age. According to《Guidelines on Prevention and Treatment of Blood Lipid Abnormality in Chinese Adults 2007》, the patients were divided into 2 groups:Borderline high LDL-C (3.3-4.12 mmol/L) group n=50 and High LDL-C (≥4.14 mmol/L) group, n=104;in addition, there was a Normal control group (LDL-C<3.37 mmol/L), n=51. ATT values were measured by standard digital radiography and the results were compared among 3 groups;the relationship between serum levels of LDL-C and ATT was studied.
Results: ATT levels in High LDL-C group (9.42 ± 3.63) mm was higher than Borderline high group (8.24±1.73) mm and Normal control group (6.05±0.28)mm, all P<0.05. The liner correlation coefifcient of serum level of LDL-C and the mean ATT was (r=0.346, P<0.001).
Conclusion: Our preliminary research showed that the higher serum level of LDL-C associated with thicker ATT, they had positive correlation. This phenomenon should be further conifrmed by large sample and multi-center investigation.

OBJECTIVE:To observe clinical efficacy and safety of tegafur gimeracil oteracil potassium combined with 3D-CRT and microwave hyperthermia in the treatment of elderly patients with local advance esophageal cancer. METHODS:48 cases of local advance esophageal cancer were divided into group A,B and C according to random number table method,with 16 cases in each group according to random number table method. Group A was given 3D-CRT with total dose of 60-66 Gy totnlly for 6-7 weeks;group B was additionally given tegafur gimeracil oteracil potassium 60 mg/(m2·d),bid,on the basis of group A 3 weeks for a course of treatment,until the end of radvotherapy;group C was additionally given thermotherapy on the basis of group B 3 weeks for a course of treatment,until the end of radvotherapy. Clinical efficacy,1-year survival rate,dysphagia,weight and KPS score were compared among 3 groups,and the occurrence of toxic reactions(radioactive esophagitis,radioactive pneumonia, bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal reaction) were observed in 3 groups. RESULTS:Total effective rate,1-year survival rate and the remission rate of dysphagia of group C were 93.75%,87.50% and 93.75%,which were significantly higher than those of group A(50.00%,50.00% and 56.25%)and B(68.75%,68.75% and 68.75%),with statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the rate of weight gain and KPS score gain among 3 groups(P>0.05). The incidence of radioactive esophagitis and radioactive pneumonia in group C were significantly lower than in group A and B,with statistical significance(P<0.05);there was no statistical significance in the incidence of gastrointestinal reaction and bone marrow suppression among 3 groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Tegafur gimeracil oteracil potassium combined with 3D-CRT and microwave hyperthermia in the treat-ment of elderly patients with local advance esophageal cancer further improves clinical efficacy and survival rate,but shows low inci-dence of toxic reaction.

Objective To analyze the epidemiologic features of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Haikou city from 2008 to 2015.Methods Descriptive methods on epidemiology and detection on pathogens were conducted in Haikou city from 2008 to 2015.Results A total of 71 611 patients were diagnosed as HFMD in Haikou city from 2008 to 2015,including 728 severe cases,accounting for 1.02％ among all the cases.The average annual incidence was 458.89/100 000.A total of 11 deaths were caused by the disease,with the average annual mortality rate as 0.07/100 000.Two peaks of incidence were seen,from April to July and from September to November.Age of the patients mainly fell in children aged 5 and below,taking up 95.78％ of the total cases.Among all the patients,1-year-olds presented the highest incidence as 12 881.24/100 000.The reported incidence for males was higher than that in females.There were 4 districts in Haikou city that reported the disease.Residential areas of the patients were scattered around,with a percentage of 79.89％.Spectrums of pathogens that causing the prevalence of HFMD were EV71 type,Cox A16 type and other enteroviruses,which prevailing in turns,since 2011.Conclusions Haikou city had been an area with high incidence of HFMD.The incidence started to show a rising trend recently.It is suggested that programs as surveillance,case management,health education and comprehensive prevention and control of disease on HFMD targeting on key population should be intensively implemented to reduce the mortality of the disease.

Objective To investigate the effects of nimotuzumab on radiosensitivity of ECA?109 and TE?13 esophageal carcinoma cell lines and explore its possible mechanism. Methods The ECA?109 and TE?13 cells were divided into control group, irradiation group, medicine group, and combined group ( irradiation + medicine) . In the combined group, ECA?109 and TE?13 cells were treated with nimotuzumab for 24 h before irradiation, and the cells were collected 2 h after irradiation. The radiosensitizing effects of nimotuzumab on ECA?109 and TE?13 cells were evaluated by clone formation assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to evaluate the expression of EGFR, p?EGFR, DNA?PKcs, p?DNA?PKcs and γH2AX. Results The values of Dq( quasithreshold dose) , D0( mean lethal dose) and SF2(surviving fraction at 2 Gy) of ECA?109 and TE?13 cells in the combined group were significantly lower than those of the radiation group ( for ECA?109 cells, 1. 11 vs. 1. 72, 1. 40 vs. 2. 14, 0. 42 vs. 0. 66, respectively;for TE?13 cells, 0.41 vs. 0.46, 0.43 vs. 0.65, 0.40 vs. 0.71, respectively ( all P<0.05) . The sensitivity enhancement ratio (SER) of ECA?109 and TE?13 cells were 1.35 and 1.43, respectively. Flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rate of ECA?109 and TE?13 cells in the combined group were significantly higher than those of the radiation group [ for ECA?109 cells, ( 41. 31 ± 1. 52)% vs. ( 9. 54 ± 0.52)%;for TE?13 cells, (46.28±0.28)% vs. (11.32±0.31)%, both P<0.01]. Western blotting showed that the expression levels of EGFR and DNA?PKcs were not significantly different in all groups ( all P>0.05) . Compared with those of the control group, p?EGFR and p?DNA?PKcs of the radiation group were significantly higher in both cell lines ( P<0.05) , and theγH2AX levels in the radiation group and medicine group were significantly higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05) . Compared with those of the radiation group and medicine group, p?EGFR and p?DNA?PKcs protein expression in the combined group were decreased significantly (P<0.05), while γH2AX protein expression was significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusions Nimotuzumab can enhance the radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer ECA?109 and TE?13 cells. The potential mechanism may be related to the inhibition of EGFR phosphorylation and down?regulation of DNA damage repair proteins. The radiosensitizing effect of nimotuzumab is greater on poorly differentiated esophageal cancer cells.