Background: Tooth loss is a process caused by many factors related to dental caries, periodontal disease, and socio-environmental factors such as socioeconomic status, education level, access to services, social security status and general health status. Objective: To investigate the oral health status of the elderly in Vientiane Capital and who it correlates with their quality of life. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey of 420 elderly people aged 60 years and above, who were residents of four districts in Vientiane Capital. Data were collected through: a) an interview of oral impacts using the Oral Impact Daily Performance (OIDP Elderly); and b) an extra oral and intraoral examination to measure the prevalence and severity of dental caries and sequelae conducted by two trained and standardized examiners using the modified WHO Oral Health Basic Methods (5th ed). Caries was detected at the cavitation level. All documents were translated from English into Lao and validated by back-translation. Results: Seventy-six percent of the elderly reviewed reported at least one OIDP oral impact. The most common performance affected was eating (70.5%), self- confidence with smiling (26.0%) and cleaning teeth and tooth dentures (24.6%). All of participants had dental caries (DMFT>0). The decayed, missing tooth, filled teeth (DMFT) = 28 teeth per person, the mean DT= 16.9 and missing tooth MT= 11.2. Only 10% of participants had dental treatment. The prevalence of dental caries was significantly associated with quality of life (p<0.001). Conclusion The prevalence of tooth loss is high among the Lao elderly, with the mean number of missing teeth per person of 11. The missing teeth was significantly impacted on the daily living of the elderly. Attention on the prevention and management of dental health of the elderly should be paid more and more in order to improve their quality of life.