The purpose of this study was to understand the pharmacodynamic effect of Valeriana jatamansi extract in diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D) rat model induced by maternal separation combined with three kinds of stress, and observe the changes of endogenous metabolites in feces after intervention to find potential biomarkers and related metabolic pathways. The animal model of IBS-D was established by maternal separation combined with restraint, ice swimming and tail clamping. The therapeutic effect of each dose group of V. jatamansi extract was evaluated in terms of abdominal withdrawal reflex pressure threshold, fecal water content and immobility time of forced swimming test. In addition, rat feces were collected for detection of metabolic profiles of small molecular metabolites with UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS platform, so as to find the biomarkers of differential metabolism with multivariate statistical analysis methods such as principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogon partial least squares discrimination analysis(OPLS-DA). The results showed that as compared with the normal group, the threshold of abdominal withdrawal reflex pressure was decreased, the fecal water content was increased, and the immobility time of forced swimming test was prolonged in the model group. The results of fecal metabonomics showed that the levels of 39 metabolites were down-regulated and those of 37 metabolites were up-re-gulated. Further analysis showed that these metabolites were related to bile acid metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, ceramide metabolism and other metabolic pathways. This study proved that the extract of V. jatamansi had definite pharmacodynamic effect on IBS-D model rats, and the mechanism was discussed from the perspective of fecal metabonomics.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Diarrhea ; Feces ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome/drug therapy* ; Maternal Deprivation ; Metabolomics ; Rats ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Valerian

Application of a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, macroporous adsorbent resin, and reversed-phase HPLC, led to the isolation of 173 compounds including irdidoids, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, lignans, flavonoids, and simple aromatic derivatives from the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of the whole plants of Valeriana jatamansi(Valerianaceae), and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D, 2D NMR UV, IR, and MS techniques. Among them, 77 compounds were new. In previous reports, we have described the isolation, structure elucidation, and bioactivities of 68 new and 25 known compounds. As a consequence, we herein reported the isolation and structure elucidation of the remaining 9 new and 71 known compounds, the structure revision of valeriotriate A(8a), as well as cytotoxicity of some compounds.
Acetates ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; Iridoids ; analysis ; Lignans ; analysis ; Molecular Structure ; Monoterpenes ; analysis ; Phytochemicals ; analysis ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Sesquiterpenes ; analysis ; Triterpenes ; analysis ; Valerian ; chemistry

OBJECTIVES: Some conventional medications used to treat insomnia, such as benzodiazepine, non-benzodiazepine, and hormone therapy, are associated with side effects. Therefore, there is a growing interest in the use of herbal medicine. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the effects herbal medicines have on sleep disorders of peri- and postmenopausal women. METHODS: Three databases were searched including MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library from inception to March 2018. RESULTS: Six trials assessed the effect of soy on sleep disorders. Forrest plot for 2 studies showed that the standardized mean difference (SMD) of the sleep problems was lower in the soy group than the placebo group (SMD = −0.996; P < 0.001; 95% confidence interval, −1.42 to −0.563). Three trials showed soy had no significant effect on sleep disorders and one study showed a positive effect on sleep disorders. Accordingly, it is difficult to reach a definite conclusion regarding the effects of soy on sleep disorders based on these findings. According to a trial, significant beneficial effect associated with taking Schisandra chinensis. Findings suggested that some herbal medicines like red clover, lavender combined with bitter orange and pin bark extract had attenuating effects on sleep disorders. After intake of 530 mg of valerian twice a day for one month, statistically significant effects were observed regarding the quality of sleep of postmenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS: The present systematic review and meta-analysis found inadequate evidence to draw conclusions regarding the effectiveness of herbal medications, especially soy.
Benzodiazepines ; Citrus sinensis ; Female ; Herbal Medicine ; Humans ; Lavandula ; Postmenopause ; Schisandra ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; Trifolium ; Valerian

Valeriana jatamansi (syn. V. wallichii), a traditional Chinese medicine recorded in Chinese Pharmacopeia (1977 and 2010 edition), has been used for treatment of a variety of conditions including sleep problems, obesity, nervous disorders, epilepsy, insanity, snake poisoning, eye trouble, and skin diseases. Also, it was used as an important substitute for the European V. officinalis, whose root preparation, popularly known as valerian, has been employed as a mild sedative for a long time. In recent years, much attention has been draw to the iridoids, one of the major bioactive constituents of V. jatamansi, leading to the discovery of a series of new iridoids with anti-tumor and neuroprotective activities. Their action machnism also has been discussed. This paper summerized the iridoids and their bioactivities from V. jatamansi in recent years, which could provide basic foundation for development and research of V. jatamansi.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Iridoids ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Valerian ; chemistry

Chemical investigation of the whole plants of Valeriana hardwickii has led to the isolation of 11 flavones and 2 monoterpe- noids by using various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, preparative TLC, and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic data analysis as syzalterin (1), 6-methylapigenin (2), 5-hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone (3), genkwanin (4), acacetin (5), apigenin (6), quercetin (7), tricin (8), (-)-farrerol (9), sosakuranetin (10), 5,3',4'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone (11), (-)-bornyl ferulate ( 12) , and (-)-bornyl caffeate ( 13). All compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time, while compounds 1, 9-13 were obtained from this genus for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Valerian ; chemistry

The aim of this study was to improve the stability and cover the unpleasant odor of valerian oil by preparation of beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex. The preparation method was established based on the yield of inclusion complex and entrapment efficiency of valerian volatile oil. After that, the formulation and processing parameters were optimized by uniform design table. The formations of inclusion complex were validated by DSC and X-RD method. The stability of valerian oil beta-cyclodextrin inclusion was studied under stressed conditions. In conclusion, relatively high yield of inclusion complex and entrapment efficiency were obtained by saturated solution-ultrasonication method. Inclusion complex yield and entrapment efficiency of the valerian oil were (84.78 +/- 3.23)% and (86.23 +/- 2.48)%, which were prepared under the optimized conditions, respectively. The results of DSC and X-RD were indicated the formation of inclusion complex. The stability of test showed that the valerian oil-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex was improved significantly.
Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Odorants ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; Valerian ; chemistry ; beta-Cyclodextrins ; chemistry

As a traditional Chinese medicine, Valeriana jatamansi has a long history of application in China. It is widely distributed and commonly adopted by many ethnic groups. In particular, its roots have a wide range of medicinal value. With the increasingly more attention on it from domestic and foreign researchers, there have been more and more studies on its pharmacological activity and mechanism. This essay summarizes domestic and foreign reports on its pharmacological activity and mechanism.
Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents ; pharmacology ; Antihypertensive Agents ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Central Nervous System Depressants ; pharmacology ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; drug effects ; Humans ; Plant Extracts ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; Valerian

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanism of iridoid from Valeriana jatamansi treating irritable bowel syndrome.

METHODSixty male SD rats were equally divided into 6 groups (2 controls, 1 model and 3 treatment doses) with 10 rats per group. The test groups were administered with iridoid (24.92, 12.46, 6. 23 mg x kg(-1)) while the control groups were administered with fluoxetine (2.5 mg x kg(-1), positive control) or distilled water (negative control). The model was established by chronic stress and independent feeding. The influence of iridoid from V. jatamansi on 5-HT and 5-HIAA in colon, serum and hypothalamic were observed in all groups.

RESULTIn the model group, the content of 5-HT in colon and serum increased significantly, but the content of 5-HT in hypothalamic decreased significantly. The content of 5-HIAA and the value of 5-HT/5-HIAA had no significant change. In three iridoid-treated groups, the content of 5-HT in colon and serum decreased, but the content of 5-HT in hypothalamic increased. The content of 5-HIAA had no significant change. The value of 5-HT/5-HIAA in colon and serum reduced.

CONCLUSIONThe mechanism of iridoid from V. jatamansi treating irritable bowel syndrome may be related to the regulation effect to the levels of 5-HT from Gastrointestinal to central nervous system.

Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Colon ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ; blood ; metabolism ; Hypothalamus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Iridoids ; therapeutic use ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; blood ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serotonin ; blood ; metabolism ; Valerian ; chemistry

DNA, Ribosomal ; genetics ; Genome, Plant ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 5S ; genetics ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Species Specificity ; Valerian ; classification ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo provide scientific basis for the utilization and development of Valeriana jatamansi by setting up the quality control specification of V. jatamansi.

METHODThe pharmacognostical methods were applied. The extract of V. jatamansi was examined. Moisture and ash were determined. And the bioactive constituents were analyzed by TLC and HPLC.

RESULTThe morphological and histological characters of V. jatamansi were observed. Content of total ash, acid-insoluble ash, and moisture of 15 samples from different habitats and times were determined. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of valtrate and acevaltrate by TLC and HPLC were preformed respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe established method can be used for the quality control of V. jatamans.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Iridoids ; analysis ; Pharmacognosy ; standards ; Plant Roots ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Rhizome ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Valerian ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry