Background: The aging of the world’s population will determine global health trends. According to the 2021 report of the Capital City Health Department, the average life expectancy of the Mongolian population is 71.3 years (male 67.3, female 76.7), the difference between male and female life expectancy is 9.4 years, and elderly people aged 60 and over account for 8.1% of the total population. The report also shows that 6.5% of all outpatient visits are for people aged 60-64, and 9% are for people aged 65 and over, which means that they do not receive adequate health care services. Therefore, it is important to increase the access to and quality of health care services provided to the elderly in order to improve their health and quality of life. Comorbidities that are common among the elderly are one of the pressing issues in the health sector. Aim: We aimed to study the prevalence and risk factors of multi-morbidities among older adults (aged sixty years and over) in urban and rural areas. Materials and Methods: To accomplish our aim, we conducted 156 lifestyle related questionnaires and 18 health related questionnaires among 720 older people in Ulaanbaatar city and rural areas, and created the database. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between the quantitative influence of factors using single and multi-factor linear (β-coefficient) and binary logistic regression (odds ratio, CI 95%) methods, and p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The Apriori algorithm in SPSS was used to determine the relationship between multiple chronic diseases in the elderly people. Results: The prevalence of comorbidity was higher in urban areas (48.1%) and rural areas (51.9%), and ageing (urban areas OR: 2.45, 95% CI: 0.9-6.2; rural areas OR: 6.35, 95% CI: 1.47-27.4, P<0.01) was a risk factor of multi-morbidities. Multimorbidity is defined as the presence of 2 or more chronic conditions, and 3, 4, and 5 chronic conditions were co-occurred to older adults with chronic conditions, 28.7% (165). 11 common patterns of relationships in urban areas and 18 common patterns of relationships in rural areas (support (A→B)>3%, confidence (A→B)>30%, lift (A→B)>1) were determined. Conclusion Multimorbidity was different in urban and rural areas, 11 common patterns in urban areas and 18 common patterns in rural areas were determined. It has shown that the prevalence of multimorbidity was different in urban and rural areas.

Background: Early application of autologous skin may lead to the loss of split thickness skin graft due to unclarified wound bed. Allogeneic skin grafts are performed on patients with extensive burn injuries after escharotomy, tangential excisions and deep debridement for the purpose of stabilizing the general condition and reducing the scope of local complications. Objectives: The aim of this paper is to determine how the use of allografts improves the conditions for the intake of autografts in burns treatment, and how it accelerates wound healing in comparison to the autografts-only option. Material and Methods: In 2016-2017, allogeneic skin was grafted on 24 patients, and in 6 cases grafting was repeated several times. An autologous split-thickness skin graft was applied to 23 patients. The analysis included the relationship between the duration of hospitalization and the number of skin transplantations, the relationship between the time of admission to debridement of the necrotic tissues and the total duration of hospitalization. Results: The results suggest that multiple applications of autografts not only do not lead to quicker recovery, but even lengthen the hospitalization time. The dependency is visible also in the patients who underwent the skin grafting procedure in allogeneic and autologous systems twice or more. There was a statistical significant difference between the duration of hospitalization in groups of patients who underwent STSG preceded by allogeneic skin graft transplantation when compared to the group of patients who underwent allogeneic skin application (p < 0.05) and the group of patients who were grafted with autologous skin (p < 0.05). The procedure of early resection of necrotic tissue combined with autologous or allogeneic skin graft improved the survival outcomes of the patients. Conclusions Allogeneic skin grafts are a perfect dressing when wound vascularization is insufficient to take free split-thickness skin graft. In patients with comparable burn surface areas, multiple applications of free autologous split-thickness skin grafts (STSG) extend the hospitalization time in comparison to application of allogeneic skin dressing as the first-line therapy.

Introduction. Garidi-5, a traditional medicine composed of 5 herbs including Terminalia chebula Retz., Aconitum Kusnezoffii Reichb., Acorus calamus L., Saussurea lappa L., and musk of Moschus moschiferus, has been used in traditional Mongolian medicine as an analgesic and antibacterial medicine. The present work was undertaken to evaluate the traditional drug Garidi-5 for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity.Materials and Methods. The method of Winter et al. was used to study acute inflammation. Rats in groups of five each were treated with vehicle, Garidi-5 (20, 80 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and Indometacin (10 mg/kg) one hour prior to Carrageenan injection. 0.1 ml of 1% Carrageenan was injected into the subplantar tissue of left hind paw of each rat. Swelling of carrageenan injected foot was measured at 0, 0.5, 2, 4 h using Plethysmometer (UGO Basile, Italy)). The right hind paw was injected with 0.1 ml of vehicle.Results. The Garidi-5 (20, 80 and 200 mg/kg) significantly (P<0.01) inhibited carrageenan induced rat paw edema as compared to control group. Maximum inhibition of paw edema was observed with Garidi- 5 (80 and 200 mg/kg) at 4 h when compared to the control group (Tab.1). In assay data, the TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 secretion in serum were highly elevated by carrageenan induction but administration of Garidi-5 signifi cantly reduced serum secretion of inflammatory mediatorsas compared to vehicle group (Tab. 2).Conclusion. In conclusion, Traditional drug Garidi-5 have anti-in flammatory properties. The potential efficacy of Garidi-5 to treat inflammation is based in a part on the hy pothesis that it will suppress the proinflammatory cytok ines resulting in less oedema.

Introduction. Garidi-5, a traditional medicine composed of 5 herbs including Terminalia chebula Retz. Aconitum Kusnezoffii Reichb., Acorus calamus L., Saussurea lappa L., and musk of Moschus moschiferus, has been used in traditional Mongolian medicine as an analgesic and antibacterial medicine. The present work was undertaken to evaluate the traditional drug Garidi-5 for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity.Materials and Methods. The method of Winter et al. was used to study acute inflammation. Rats in groups of five each were treated with vehicle, Garidi-5 (20, 80 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and Indometacin (10 mg/kg) one hour prior to Carrageenan injection. 0.1 ml of 1% Carrageenan was injected into the subplantar tissue of left hind paw of each rat. Swelling of carrageenan injected foot was measured at 0, 0.5, 2, 4 h using Plethysmometer (UGO Basile, Italy)). The right hind pawwas injected with 0.1 ml of vehicle.ResultsThe Garidi-5 (20, 80 and 200 mg/kg) significantly (P<0.01) inhibited carrageenan induced rat paw edema as compared to control group. Maximum inhibition of paw edema was observed with Garidi-5 (80 and 200 mg/kg) at 4 h when compared to the control group (Tab.1). In assay data, the TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 secretion in serum were highly elevated by carrageenan induction but administration of Garidi-5 signifi cantly reduced serum secretion of inflammatory mediators as compared to vehicle group (Tab. 2). ConclusionIn conclusion, Traditional drug Garidi-5 have anti-in flammatory properties. The potential efficacy of Garidi-5 to treat inflammation is based in a part on the hy pothesis that it will suppress the proinflammatory cytok ines resulting in less oedema.

Garidi-5, a traditional medicine composed of 5 herbs including Terminalia chebula Retz., Aconitum Kusnezoffii Reichb., Acorus calamus L., Saussurea lappa L., and musk ofMoschus moschiferus, has been used in traditional Mongolian medicine as an analgesic and antibacterial medicine. The aim of the study was to evaluate the central and peripheral analgesic action of traditional mongolian drug Garidi-5 in experimental animal models. Analgesic activity was assessed by tail flick method (for central action) and l acetic acid- induced writhing test (for peripheral action). Garidi-5 extract (20 mg/kg, 80, 200mg/kg p.o.) and aspirin (100 mg/kg) showed significant peripheral analgesic activity (p<0.05). Garidi-5 extract (20 mg/kg, 80, 200mg/kg p.o.) and Morphin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) also showed significant central analgesic activity (p<0.05). Conclusion: Biological activity substances were detected in the Traditional drug Garidi-5. Traditional drug Garidi-5 has analgesic effects.

Introduction: Diet therapy is based onbody constitution, disease conditions and seasonal influences in traditional medicine. Traditional principles of disease treatment and prevention with diet can be combined with conventional medical practices and may lead to a possibility of developing new treatment and preventive strategies. Objectives: To study the effects of interconnected factors of diet and season on some pathological changes of organ systems, we examined the effects of horse meat which has hot quality and goat meat which has cold quality on rat models of acute hepatitis induced by CCL4 and acute pulmonary edema induced by adrenalin hydrochloride in spring and autumn. Materials and methods: CCL4 (200 mg/kg) was was administered percutaneously to induce acute hepatitis in rats. Adrenalin hydrochloride (25 mg/kg) injected via the tail vein by slow injection to induce acute pulmonary edema in mice. Horse and goat meat were given for 14 days before the CCL4 and adrenalin hydrochloride administration. Renal activity was determined by measuring urine volume at every 6 hours. Results: Results of our study show that goat meat which has cold quality is more effective in autumn when a rise of bile element is occurred, and horse meat which has a cold quality is more effective in autumn when phlegm element rises. Horse meat increased pulmonary surfactant stabilitycoefficient by 54.73% in autumn while it increased that by 69.66% in spring. Decreased alveolar collapse and improved pulmonary surfactant stability by horse meat treatment support the concept of traditional medicine that diseases of the lungs, the phlegm dominant organs are treated with diet, medicine, and behavior with warm and oily qualities. In spring, urine excretion was increased in animalstreated with goat meat which has cold and oily qualities. Conclusions: 1. The “spring + horse meat” and “autumn + goat meat” versions of treatments more effectively decrease cytolysis during acute hepatocellular necrosis in animals administered CCL4. 2. Compare to goat meat, horse meat has more effects to decrease alveolar collapse and pulmonary edema in mice model of pulmonary edema induced by adrenalin hydrochloride. 3. “Goat meat + spring” version of treatment decreases urine excretion in experimental animals.

Objectives: Aim of this study is to define peripheral analgesic effect of the traditional drug Garid-5 in mice. Methods: Garidi-5 produced in drug manufacture of Traditional Medical Science, Technology and Production Corporation of Mongolia was used for the study. All animals used in this study were taken care of under ethical consideration, with approval from Ethical Committee Corporation and Minister of Health of Mongolia. LD50 of Garidi-5 was determined by Chan Chi’s method. Mice of either sex weighing 20-30 g were fasted overnight and divided into three groups with six animals in each group. One hour after administration of drugs, induction of writhing was done in mice by giving intra peritoneal injection of acetic acid at a dose of 10 ml/kg body weight. The number of writhing responses were counted and recorded for 20 min. Garid-5 was given to mice at doses of 20 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg. Aspirin (100 mg/kg) was used as a standard drug. Results: The median lethal dose (LD50) of Garid-5 was found to be 2.28 g/kg. Aqueous extract of Gardi-5 reduced pain from 40.4 % to 47.9% in mice administered acetic acid compare to control mice (p<0.05). Conclusion: Garid-5 is safe in mice demonstrating no noticeable toxicity. Garid-5 exhibits a potent peripheral analgesic effect.