The development and potential application of brain-computer interface (BCI) technology is closely related to the human brain, so that the ethical regulation of BCI has become an important issue attracting the consideration of society. Existing literatures have discussed the ethical norms of BCI technology from the perspectives of non-BCI developers and scientific ethics, while few discussions have been launched from the perspective of BCI developers. Therefore, there is a great need to study and discuss the ethical norms of BCI technology from the perspective of BCI developers. In this paper, we present the user-centered and non-harmful BCI technology ethics, and then discuss and look forward on them. This paper argues that human beings can cope with the ethical issues arising from BCI technology, and as BCI technology develops, its ethical norms will be improved continuously. It is expected that this paper can provide thoughts and references for the formulation of ethical norms related to BCI technology.
Humans ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Technology ; Brain ; User-Computer Interface ; Electroencephalography

The proton treatment control system is the supporting software of the proton therapy device, which specifically coordinates and controls the status and work of each subsystem. In this study, the software architecture and hardware implementation of the proton treatment control system was developed and built a foundation for the overall debugging. Using C# programming language and WPF programming techniques, TCP network communication protocol specified by the proton treatment technical document and MVVM pattern in Windows system, the logic design and implementation of each level were studied. Meanwhile, the communication interface between the subsystems under TCP communication protocol was agreed. The logic design and research of the setup field and treatment field were carried out. And the User Interface was designed and developed using the above technology. The program realizes the communication and interaction between the proton treatment control system and each subsystem, so as to control and monitor the whole treatment process. The proton treatment control system provides a software basis for the remote overall debugging and on-line monitor and control of proton treatment device.
Protons ; User-Computer Interface ; Software ; Computers ; Logic

Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a revolutionary human-computer interaction technology, which includes both BCI that can output instructions directly from the brain to external devices or machines without relying on the peripheral nerve and muscle system, and BCI that bypasses the peripheral nerve and muscle system and inputs electrical, magnetic, acoustic and optical stimuli or neural feedback directly to the brain from external devices or machines. With the development of BCI technology, it has potential application not only in medical field, but also in non-medical fields, such as education, military, finance, entertainment, smart home and so on. At present, there is little literature on the relevant application of BCI technology, the current situation of BCI industrialization at home and abroad and its commercial value. Therefore, this paper expounds and discusses the above contents, which are expected to provide valuable information for the public and organizations, BCI researchers, BCI industry translators and salespeople, and improve the cognitive level of BCI technology, further promote the application and industrial transformation of BCI technology and enhance the commercial value of BCI, so as to serve mankind better.
Brain/physiology* ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Technology ; User-Computer Interface

Power supply plays a key role in ensuring animal robots to obtain effective stimulation. To extending the stimulating time, there is a need to apply photovoltaic cells and monitor their parameter variations, which can help operators to obtain the optimal stimulation strategy. In this paper, an online monitoring system of photovoltaic cells for animal robot stimulators was presented. It was composed of battery information sampling circuit, multi-channel neural signal generator, power module and human-computer interaction interface. When the signal generator was working, remote navigation control of animal robot could be achieved, and the battery voltage, current, temperature and electricity information was collected through the battery information sampling circuit and displayed on the human-computer interaction system in real time. If there was any abnormal status, alarm would be activated. The battery parameters were obtained by charging and discharging test. The battery life under different light intensity and the stimulation effect of neural signal generator were tested. Results showed that the sampling errors of battery voltage, current and electric quantity were less than 15 mV, 5 mA and 6 mAh, respectively. Compared with the system without photovoltaic cells, the battery life was extended by 148% at the light intensity of 78 320 lx, solving the battery life problem to some extent. When animal robot was stimulated with this system, left and right turns could be controlled to complete with the success rate more than 80%. It will help researchers to optimize animal robot control strategies through the parameters obtained in this system.
Animals ; Humans ; Robotics ; Electric Power Supplies ; Electricity ; User-Computer Interface

Brain-computer interface (BCI) can establish a direct communications pathway between the human brain and the external devices, which is independent of peripheral nerves and muscles. Compared with invasive BCI, non-invasive BCI has the advantages of low cost, low risk, and ease of operation. In recent years, using non-invasive BCI technology to control devices has gradually evolved into a new type of human-computer interaction manner. Moreover, the control strategy for BCI is an essential component of this manner. First, this study introduced how the brain control techniques were developed and classified. Second, the basic characteristics of direct and shared control strategies were thoroughly explained. And then the benefits and drawbacks of these two strategies were compared and further analyzed. Finally, the development direction and application prospects for non-invasive brain control strategies were suggested.
Humans ; Electroencephalography ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Communication Aids for Disabled ; User-Computer Interface ; Brain/physiology*

Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a revolutionizing human-computer Interaction, which is developing towards the direction of intelligent brain-computer interaction and brain-computer intelligent integration. However, the practical application of BCI is facing great challenges. The maturity of BCI technology has not yet reached the needs of users. The traditional design method of BCI needs to be improved. It is necessary to pay attention to BCI human factors engineering, which plays an important role in narrowing the gap between research and practical application, but it has not attracted enough attention and has not been specifically discussed in depth. Aiming at BCI human factors engineering, this article expounds the design requirements (from users), design ideas, objectives and methods, as well as evaluation indexes of BCI with the human-centred-design. BCI human factors engineering is expected to make BCI system design under different use conditions more in line with human characteristics, abilities and needs, improve the user satisfaction of BCI system, enhance the user experience of BCI system, improve the intelligence of BCI, and make BCI move towards practical application.
Brain ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Electroencephalography ; Ergonomics ; Humans ; User-Computer Interface

Brain-computer interface (BCI) can be summarized as a system that uses online brain information to realize communication between brain and computer. BCI has experienced nearly half a century of development, although it now has a high degree of awareness in the public, but the application of BCI in the actual scene is still very limited. This collection invited some BCI teams in China to report their efforts to promote BCI from laboratory to real scene. This paper summarizes the main contents of the invited papers, and looks forward to the future of BCI.
Brain ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; China ; Electroencephalography ; Laboratories ; User-Computer Interface

Informatization is an effective way to promote the reform and innovation of higher education and improve its quality. Virtual simulation teaching is indispensable in the educational informatization. Here, we describe the development and current situation of virtual simulation teaching, and introduce electronic standardized patient (ESP) based-virtual human body system powered by the real-time human physiological parameters. We also discuss how to build an ESP-based community in the teaching of human physiology, preclinical integrated case learning and other teaching projects. These ESP-based virtual simulation projects display the advantages of interdisciplinary fusion and the combination of basic and clinical knowledge, and open up the third type of functional experiments. Therefore, ESP-based virtual simulation teaching platform presumably becomes a considerable option for the first-class course construction in physiology.
Computer Simulation ; Electronics ; Humans ; Learning ; User-Computer Interface

OBJECTIVE: To develop a software based on "UniDental" system which is a virtual reality dental simulation system and applied to undergraduate majoring in stomatology to improve the ability of identifying caries. METHODS: A software was developed applying to identify virtual dental caries based on UniDental system. In the software, a virtual dental caries model was designed and carious tissue was separated to 3 layers by the depth. The stiffness was the same within each layer which was increasing gradually layer by layer. The roughness was also the same within each layer which was decreasing gradually layer by layer. Sixty-four participants in pre-clinical stage of the class of 2014 majoring in stomatology from Peking University School of Stomatology were trained with the software. During the training, the students should probe on the virtual dental carious tissue layer by layer and feel the difference of vertical stiffness and horizontal roughness of each layer by using a handpiece with realistic force feedback. After training, a questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate the software including a score of 1-5 for haptic fidelity of stiffness and roughness and their relevant gradient and benefit of improving the ability of identifying caries, choosing the preferred training method. The data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: The median of subjective evaluation scores of the proposed metrics were all "4", demonstrating that the software operated above medium fidelity. The stiffness scores of all 3 layers were statistically significant (P < 0.05) on the stiffness gradient score. The roughness scores of the 1st and 2nd layers were statistically significant (P < 0.05) on the roughness gradient score. The training was helpful to improve the ability of identifying caries (median was 4). The scores of all 3 layers stiffness and relevant gradient were statistically significant (P < 0.05) on the score of benefit of improving the ability of identifying caries. 90.4% of the participants preferred the traditional extracted teeth training method. CONCLUSION The virtual reality dental simulation system was helpful to improve students' ability of identifying caries. It couldn't replace the traditional extracted teeth training method by now, it should be used as a supplement to the traditional training method.
Clinical Competence ; Computer Simulation ; Dental Caries/diagnosis* ; Dental Caries Susceptibility ; Humans ; Simulation Training ; User-Computer Interface ; Virtual Reality

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the user experience (UX) of the New Defense Medical Information System (N-DEMIS), which was introduced in 2012 as part of an effort to improve the old system of armed forces hospitals and ultimately bring their standards up to those of civilian hospitals. METHODS: In this study, the dependent variable was the UX of N-DEMIS and was composed of usability, affect, and user value. The questionnaire comprised 41 questions: nine on general characteristics, 20 on usability, four on affect, and eight on user value. The data collection period was from April 15 to April 30, 2018. Overall, 85 responses were received; of these, three insincere responses were excluded, and the remaining 82 responses were used in the analysis. RESULTS: The overall value of Cronbach's alpha was 0.917, indicating an overall high-reliability. There was a significant difference between user value and usability, but there was no significant differences between the other pairs. We observed a significant effect on UX for length of time working in an armed forces hospital and employment type. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our survey showed an even distribution of scores across the three elements of UX, showing that no particular aspect of N-DEMIS is superior to the others in terms of user satisfaction. However, the overall UX score of around 60% indicates the need for future improvements. Rather than focusing improvements on a specific area, improvements should be spread across usability, affect, and user value.
Arm ; Data Collection ; Electronic Health Records ; Employment ; Hospital Information Systems ; Information Systems ; Personal Satisfaction ; User-Computer Interface