Objective: One of the common clinical problems warranting urologic evaluation is asymptomatic microscopic hematuria (AMH). According to some studies, it has prevalence as high as 38% with a possibility of urologic disease or malignancy around 23%. The presence of AMH would be quite a dilemma to a urologist in terms of how aggressive urologic evaluation and follow up is recommended. The present study was to determine the incidence of significant urologic diseases among Filipino patients with AMH on initial evaluation and on follow-up. This study would also determine if there would be a significant difference in terms of incidence of urologic disease among patients less than 35 years old and more than 35 years old with AMH. Methods: A total number of 95 patients (38 male, 57 female) were included in this study. All patients presented with AMH. They were grouped in terms of age, gender, and duration of follow-up. All patients underwent cystoscopy and a diagnostic imaging (ultrasound, CT urogram, or CT stonogram) on initial evaluation. Patients then were followed up. They were divided into two groups, those less than 2 years of follow-up and those more than 2 years of follow-up. Excluded from the study are those patients with gross hematuria, on indwelling catheter, with urinary tract infection, with previous malignancy, history of pelvic irradiation, and those who did not undergo cystoscopy, or any urologic imaging. Results: Out of 95 patients with AMH who underwent urologic evaluation, the incidence of urologic disease was noted to be 12% (11 out of 95). There was no malignancy related cause of AMH discovered. Age and gender failed to show any significant difference in terms of developing urologic disease. Among patients with negative findings on initial urologic evaluation, no urologic disease was noted even on follow-up. Among those with positive findings on initial evaluation, no new urologic disease was discovered on follow-up. Conclusion AMH has a low incidence of urologic disease or any GUT malignancy. Age and gender alone are not sufficient risk factors warranting an invasive endoscopic procedure. They are recommended only to those patients with high risk of urologic disease and can be avoided in majority of the population. We would recommend a kidney, urinary bladder, and prostate (KUBP) ultrasound as the initial imaging of choice since the only findings noted on evaluation through imaging were just two cases of nephrolithiasis, one via CT stonogram and the other through a CT urogram, which can also be diagnosed with a regular KUBP ultrasound. This would be more cost-effective as well as beneficial in terms of the patient’s risk regarding radiation and contrast-related effects. Clinicians may decrease unnecessary repeated urologic evaluation and follow-ups on patients with AMH, as the results of the study failed to show any significant difference in developing urologic disease for patients with persistent AMH on initial assessment and even on follow-up.
Urologic Diseases ; Hematuria

Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely applied in the diagnosis and treatment of urinary diseases with the development of data storage, image processing, pattern recognition and machine learning technologies. Based on the massive biomedical big data of imaging and histopathology, many urinary system diseases (such as urinary tumor, urological calculi, urinary infection, voiding dysfunction and erectile dysfunction) will be diagnosed more accurately and will be treated more individualizedly. However, most of the current AI diagnosis and treatment are in the pre-clinical research stage, and there are still some difficulties in the wide application of AI. This review mainly summarizes the recent advances of AI in the diagnosis of prostate cancer, bladder cancer, kidney cancer, urological calculi, frequent micturition and erectile dysfunction, and discusses the future potential and existing problems.
Artificial Intelligence ; trends ; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted ; trends ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Urologic Diseases ; diagnosis

For those patients with refractory lower urinary tract dysfunction who are not well treated by traditional therapy such as behavior therapy and drug therapy, neuromodulation technologies have gradually become alternative treatments. Several neuromodulation technologies are also used in animal experimental and clinical scientific research by more and more scholars, in order to find more effective methods and mechanisms of treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction. This article introduces the principle and advantages of common neuromodulation technologies, which focuses on the application in lower urinary tract dysfunction treatment, and analyzes the direction and the broad prospect of neuromodulation.
Humans ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation ; Urologic Diseases ; physiopathology ; therapy

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the efficacy and safety of simultaneous bilateral endoscopic surgery (SBES) for bilateral upper urinary tract calculi, and to summarize the initial experience. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with bilateral upper urinary tract calculi who underwent SBES in the Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital from January 2019 to January 2020 were enrolled retrospectively. The demographic and clinical data of the patients were recorded, and the operation status, stone free rate (SFR) and peri-operative complications were analyzed. The primary end point was SFR, and second end point was peri-operative complications. RESULTS: A total of 23 patients underwent SBES, of which SBES was completed in 19 patients (12 males, and 7 females). The mean age was (41.3±12.0) years. Fourteen patients underwent modified supine position surgery and 4 patients in prone split-leg position. There was no statistical difference in the demographic and baseline clinical data of the patients in different positions. One patient underwent right percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and left endoscopic combined intra-renal surgery (ECIRS) in the prone split-leg position, while 18 patients received simul-taneous surgery with PCNL and contralateral retrograde intra-renal surgery (RIRS). The mean anesthesia and operation time was (128.7±26.5) min and (70.7±20.3) min, respectively, which was significantly longer in the patients with prone split-leg position than in the patients with modified supine position, anesthesia time in the patients with prone split-leg position and modified supine position: (148.4±20.4) min vs. (121.6±25.3) min, respectively, t=－2.121, P=0.049, while the operation time in the patients with prone split-leg position and modified supine position: (86.4±21.1) min vs. (65.1±17.4) min, respectively, t=－2.222, P=0.040. There was no significant difference between the two groups in indwelling of nephrostomy [prone split-leg position and modified supine position: (2.6±0.9) d vs. (2.1±1.0) d, respectively; t=－0.880, P=0.391] and the length of hospital stay [prone split-leg position and modified supine position: (6.0±2.7) d vs. (5.2±1.8) d, respectively; t=－0.731, P=0.475]. One month after the operation, the SFR was 78.9%, and 3 patients had minor peri-operative complications (Clavien-Dindo grades Ⅰ/Ⅱ) without any serious complications (Clavien-Dindo grades Ⅲ/Ⅳ/Ⅴ). CONCLUSION The simultaneous bilateral endoscopic surgery would decrease the operation time and anesthesia exposure under the premise of ensuring the SFR, which is helpful to reduce the risk of peri-operative complications, especially to the patients who can not tolerate the second-stage or long-time operation.
Adult ; Calcinosis/surgery* ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrolithotomy, Percutaneous ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Urologic Diseases/surgery*

Since their popularization, genitourinary prosthetics have remained a gold-standard therapy for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and stress urinary incontinence and in cases of testicular loss or dysfunction. They have also represented an area of significant innovation, which has contributed to excellent long-term outcomes. Given this history, the objective of the current review was to provide a 5-10-year outlook on anticipated trends and developments in the field of genitourinary prosthetics. To accomplish this objective, a PubMed and patent search was performed of topics relating to penile and testicular prostheses and urinary sphincters. In regard to penile prostheses, findings demonstrated several new concepts including temperature-sensitive alloys, automated pumps, devices designed specifically for neophalluses, and improved malleable designs. With artificial urinary sphincters, new concepts include the ability to add or remove fluid from an existing system, two-piece systems, and new mechanisms to occlude the urethra. For testicular prosthetics, future implementations may not only better replicate the feel of a biological testicle but also add endocrinological functions. Beyond device innovation, the future of prosthetics is also one of expanding geographic boundaries, which necessitates variable cost modeling and regulatory considerations. Surgical trends are also changing, with a greater emphasis on nonnarcotic, postoperative pain control, outpatient surgeries, and adjunctive techniques to lengthen the penis and address concomitant stress incontinence, among others. Concomitant with device and surgical changes, future considerations also include a greater need for education and training, particularly given the rapid expansion of sexual medicine into developing nations.
Erectile Dysfunction/surgery* ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Implantation ; Penile Prosthesis/trends* ; Prostheses and Implants/trends* ; Prosthesis Design/trends* ; Prosthesis Implantation/trends* ; Testicular Diseases/surgery* ; Urinary Incontinence, Stress/surgery* ; Urinary Sphincter, Artificial/trends* ; Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male/trends*

The testicular prosthesis can be an afterthought for providers when performing an orchiectomy for testicular cancer, torsion, atrophic testis, or trauma. However, data suggest that patients find the offer of a testicular prosthesis and counseling regarding placement to be extremely important from both a pragmatic and a psychosocial perspective. Only two-thirds of men undergoing orchiectomy are offered an implant at the time of orchiectomy and of those offered about one-third move forward with prosthesis placement. The relatively low acceptance rate is in stark contrast with high patient satisfaction and low complication rates for those who undergo the procedure. The most common postoperative patient concerns are minor and involve implant positioning, size, and weight. Herein, we provide an up-to-date review of modern preoperative evaluation, patient selection, expectation management, surgical technique, and expected outcomes for testicular prostheses.
Counseling ; Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XY/surgery* ; Humans ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Patient Satisfaction ; Patient Selection ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology* ; Prosthesis Implantation/methods* ; Spermatic Cord Torsion/surgery* ; Testicular Diseases/surgery* ; Testicular Neoplasms/surgery* ; Testis/surgery* ; Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male/methods*

PURPOSE: We examined the association between thyroid hormone and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)/benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 5,708 middle aged men were included. LUTS/BPH were assessed using the international prostate symptom score (IPSS), total prostate volume (TPV), maximal flow rate (Qmax), and a full metabolic workup. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels were measured using chemiluminescence immunoassay. We divided participants into quartiles based on their TSH and FT4 levels: first to fourth quartile (Q1–Q4). RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the percentage of men with IPSS>7, Qmax<10 mL/s, and TPV≥30 mL with increase of FT4 quartile. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for TPV≥30 mL and IPSS>7 were significantly different between FT4 quartile groups (ORs; [5–95 percentile interval], p; TPV≥30 mL, Q1: 0.000 [references]; Q2: 1.140 [0.911–1.361], p=0.291; Q3: 1.260 [1.030–1.541], p=0.025; Q4: 1.367 [1.122–1.665], p=0.002; IPSS>7: Q1: 0.000 [references]; Q2: 0.969 [0.836–1.123], p=0.677; Q3: 1.123 [0.965–1.308], p=0.133; Q4: 1.221 [1.049–1.420], p=0.010). In men with above median levels of testosterone, the FT4 correlated positively with TPV, even after adjusting for confounders. However, the FT4 was not correlated with TPV in men with below median levels of testosterone. TSH was not related to LUTS/BPH measurements. CONCLUSIONS: TPV, IPSS, and Qmax were significantly related to FT4. TPV and IPSS were significantly and independently related to FT4. Additionally, the relationship between FT4 and TPV was distinct when testosterone levels are high.
Humans ; Immunoassay ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Luminescence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Testosterone ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyrotropin ; Thyroxine ; Urinary Tract ; Urologic Diseases

Acute idiopathic scrotal edema (AISE) is a self-limiting condition that is characterized by acute scrotal swelling and erythema. AISE is a very rare cause of acute scrotum, especially in neonates. We report a case of AISE in a 26-day-old infant who was admitted to the outpatient clinic with swelling and erythema of the penis and scrotum for a week. His vital signs were stable, and laboratory findings were non-specific. A diagnosis of AISE was made using scrotal ultrasonography with color Doppler. His symptoms resolved within four days after the onset of supportive treatment, and he was discharged from the hospital. In neonates with an acute scrotum, AISE should be considered to prevent unnecessary surgical exploration.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Diagnosis ; Edema ; Erythema ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Penis ; Scrotum ; Ultrasonography ; Urologic Diseases ; Vital Signs

Minimally invasive laparoscopic surgical procedures are increasingly being used in the management of various urological diseases. In particular, the laparoscopic approach for intravesical surgery using pneumovesicum (LPV) is a minimally invasive alternative with potential advantages including decreased morbidity, shorter hospital stays, and improved cosmesis. We review the applications of LPV in urology, summarize data for different surgical approaches, and provide an overview of patient management, as well as other considerations. This narrative review focused primarily on articles indexed in PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Embase databases. No formal search strategy was used, and no meta-analysis of data was performed.
Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Length of Stay ; Urologic Diseases ; Urology

No abstract available.
Nocturia ; Urination ; Dysuria ; Urologic Diseases ; Time factors ; Wearable Electronic Devices ; Self Report ; Neural Networks (Computer)