Objective To determine the content and distribution characteristics of the artificial radionuclide ¹³⁷Cs and the natural radionuclides ²¹⁰Pb, ²²⁶Ra, ²²⁸Ra, and ⁴⁰K in wild edible fungi, and calculate the committed effective dose due to ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb in wild edible fungi. Methods Thirty samples of wild edible fungi were collected and their caps and stems were separated. A total of 60 samples were measured for ¹³⁷Cs, ²¹⁰Pb, ²²⁶Ra, ²²⁸Ra, and ⁴⁰K using a BE5030 wide-energy, low-background, high-purity germanium γ spectrometer. The paired analysis of the four radionuclides ²²⁶Ra, ²¹⁰Pb, ¹³⁷Cs, and ⁴⁰K was performed using SPSS 11.5. Results Among the 60 samples, the detection rates and dry weight specific activity ranges of ¹³⁷Cs, ²¹⁰Pb, ²²⁶Ra, ²²⁸Ra, and ⁴⁰K were 97% and 0.62-384 Bq/kg, 73% and 6.4-159 Bq/kg, 52% and 0.7-28.8 Bq/kg, 5% and 0.43-2.18 Bq/kg and 100% and （77.4-264) × 10 Bq/kg, respectively. Conclusion Based on the analysis of the 60 samples, the detection rate of radionuclides is in the order of ⁴⁰K, ¹³⁷Cs, ²¹⁰Pb, ²²⁶Ra, and ²²⁸Ra. In terms of the specific activity, the distribution of ⁴⁰K and ²²⁶Ra in wild edible fungi in the same region is basically uniform, while the content of ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs fluctuates in different samples. Although ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb can be detected in most of the wild edible fungi, the annual committed effective dose due to ingestion of wild edible fungi is negligible.

Nuclear weapon tests and nuclear leakage accidents have resulted in worldwide contamination by radionuclides, and ¹³⁷Cs persists in the environment because of its long half-life. Due to their radionuclide-enrichment properties, wild edible mushrooms take up ¹³⁷Cs from the surrounding matrix and store it in their fruiting bodies, thus becoming an indicator medium for radionuclide contamination and can be used to evaluate soil contamination with radionuclides. However, there are large variations in ¹³⁷Cs activity concentrations in different wild edible mushrooms depending on regions, species, and lifestyles. Therefore, it is important to carry out the detection of ¹³⁷Cs in wild edible mushrooms to understand the mechanisms of ¹³⁷Cs transfer distribution and enrichment and to monitor the environment. This paper reviews the studies on ¹³⁷Cs in wild edible mushrooms in recent years both in China and other countries. This article analyses the content of ¹³⁷Cs in wild edible mushrooms in different regions, the transfer process from soil to wild edible mushroom fruiting bodies, and the distribution of ¹³⁷Cs in wild edible mushrooms. These results provide theoretical support for the future monitoring of radionuclides in wild edible mushrooms on a nationwide scale, the establishment of relevant databases, and in-depth research on the mechanism of radionuclide transfer.

Abstract As a rapid analytical method for both the types and activities of γ radionuclides, the γ-ray spectrometry method is widely used in the measurement of γ radionuclides in environmental and biological samples. The Gamma-ray Spectrometry Method for the Determination of Radionuclides in Environmental and Biological Samples (GB/T 16145—2022）was implemented  on  July  1,  2023,  replacing  the Determination of Radionuclides in Soil by Gamma Spectrometry (GB/T 11743—2013), Determination of Radionuclides in Water by Gamma Spectrometry (GB/T 16140—2018), Gamma Spectrometry Method of Analyzing Radionuclides in Biological Samples (GB/T 16145—2020), and Determination of Radionuclides in Air by Gamma Spectrometry (WS/T 184—2017). The background of the revised standard, the content and basis of the main revisions, and some issues that need to be discussed are briefly explained in this paper, in order to provide a useful reference for the detection of radioactivity in soil, water, biological, and air samples, as well as samples of similar matrices.

This paper briefly introduces the main content of IAEA Safety Reports Series No. 114. The aim is to further understand the status and development of exposure due to radionuclides in food other than during a nuclear or radiological emergency, as well as to provide references for the revision and improvement of the limited concentration standard of radioactive substances in food in China.

Coronary artery heavy calcification is always challenging scenarios for interventional cardiologists.Although the treatment strategy guided by intravascular imaging and guaranteed by rotational atherectomy(RA)is recommended by consensus,the application rate of RA in my country is still relatively low.Our center has accumulated a lot of experience in the use of rotational atherectomy to treat severe calcified lesions,especially in complex scenarios such as left main trunk lesions,ostial lesions,and severe vessel tortuosity.Here is a case of interventional treatment of severe eccentric stenosis caused by a huge calcified plaque at the right coronary artery ostium.The method and strategy of plaque modification and partial ablation by intravascular ultrasound-guided RA are discussed.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of Xuebijing combined with nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)activator on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced hepatocyte injury.Methods Human normal liver cells L-02 were randomly divided into control group(normal culture),LPS group(40 μg·mL-1 LPS),Xuebijing group(25 times diluted Xuebijing),inhibitor group(40 μg·mL-1 LPS+5 μg·mL-1 Nrf2 inhibitor ML385),activator group(40 μg·mL-1 LPS+15 μg·mL-1 Nrf2 activator sulforaphane),Xuebijing+activator group(40 μg·mL-1 LPS+25 times diluted Xuebijing+15 pg·mL-1 Nrf2 activator sulforaphane).After treatment for 24 h,the expression of nuclear Nrf2 was detected by Western blot assay;cell proliferation was detected by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine(Edu)assay;cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry;reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels were detected by fluorescent probe.Results The nuclear Nrf2 protein levels of control group,LPS group,Xuebijing group,inhibitor group,activator group and Xuebijing+activator group were 0.83±0.08,0.40±0.04,0.59±0.07,0.26±0.04,0.90±0.10,1.24±0.13,respectively;the Edu positive cell rates were(42.99±4.37)％,(16.30±1.42)％,(30.08±2.10)％,(14.67±1.27)％,(28.66±2.54)％,(38.31±2.54)％,respectively;the apoptosis rates were(4.39±0.42)％,(25.17±3.70)％,(14.44±0.99)％,(28.14±1.26)％,(17.99±1.30)％,(10.50±0.86)％,respectively;the mean density values of ROS were 1.00±0.04,3.48±0.34,1.88±0.15,4.25±0.37,1.87±0.19,1.26±0.12,respectively.The above indexes of LPS group were significantly different from those of control group(all P＜0.05);the above indexes of Xuebijing group,inhibitor group and activator group were compared with LPS group,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05);the above indexes of Xuebijing+agonist group were compared with Xuebijing group or agonist group,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Xuebijing combined with Nrf2 activator can reduce LPS-induced hepatocyte injury by enhancing antioxidant system,and the combined treatment effect is better than Xuebijing alone.

Objective:To investigate the factors influencing the occurrence of poor surgical incision healing after gynecologic open surgery in elderly patients, and to construct a risk prediction model.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to collect perioperative data from 255 elderly patients(age ≥60 years at the time of surgery)who underwent gynecologic open abdominal surgery in Beijing Hospital from September 2021 to September 2023, and the patients were divided into 204 cases of the well-healed group and 51 cases of the poorly healed group according to the healing of their abdominal incision conditions, and all the included samples were randomly split into the training set of 179 cases and the validation set of 76 cases according to a ratio of 7∶3.Risk factors for poor incision healing were screened using univariate analysis and multifactorial Logistic regression analysis, and a column-line diagram model was constructed.The predictive value of the model was examined using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve, the internal validation of the model was performed using the Bootstrap method, the clinical application value of the model was evaluated by plotting the calibration curve, and the predictive performance of the model was compared by calculating the net reclassification index(NRI)and the integrated discriminant improvement index(IDI).Results:The results of univariate analysis showed that age, body mass index(BMI), preoperative abdominal wall thickness, intraoperative bleeding, preoperative albumin, postoperative minimum albumin, ascites, nature of the disease, and perioperative albumin supplementation were correlated with abdominal incision healing(all P<0.05).Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis showed that perioperative albumin supplementation( OR=0.07, 95% CI: 0.01-0.44, P=0.008), age( OR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.12-1.52, P<0.001), preoperative abdominal wall thickness( OR=5.75, 95% CI: 2.81-15.74, P<0.001), and postoperative minimum albumin( OR=0.82, 95% CI: 0.69-0.97, P=0.017)were the influencing factors of abdominal incision healing.Plotting the ROC curves of the column-line graphical model showed that the area under the curve(AUC)for the training set and the internal validation set were 0.982(95% CI: 0.967-0.997)and 0.961(95% CI: 0.906-1.000), respectively.The model was validated using the Bootstrap self-sampling method, and the calibration curve showed that the model predicted well with good calibration, and NRI and IDI indicated that the predictive value of the four combined was higher than that of a single index for poor incision healing. Conclusions:The prediction model established in this study(including 4 indicators of age, preoperative abdominal wall thickness, perioperative albumin supplementation, and postoperative minimum albumin)has been statistically tested and internally validated to predict the risk of poorly healed abdominal incisions in elderly women in the perioperative period, facilitating timely clinical adjustment of treatment for high-risk patients.

Objective: To prove the validity and accuracy of the digitizer instead of the conventional electronics plug-in for radionuclide measurement. Methods:  Based on a large-area flow-gas multi-wire proportional counter for 2πα and 2πβ surface particle emission rate measurement, the DT5730 digital waveform sampler developed by CAEN was used for waveform signal acquisition, amplitude analysis, and data processing of the α-plane source 241Am and the β-plane source nuclides 14C, 36Cl, and 90Sr-90Y of different energies. Results: The deviations between the α and β surface particle emission rate results obtained after dead time and background corrections and the measurements obtained based on the plug-in calibrator were all within 0.6%, within the uncertainty range, under consistent experimental conditions such as electronics threshold and high pressure. Conclusion The digitizer is an effective alternative to conventional electronics plug-ins for α and β signal acquisition and processing and the accurate measurement of α and β emission rates.

Vaccination for children and adolescents is an effective strategy for preventing and controlling infectious diseases. However， clinical reports showed that vaccination may be associated with epilepsy or seizures， potentially increasing public hesitancy about vaccination， and affecting vaccination coverage. At present， no evidence showed that vaccination could damage the nervous system and cause epilepsy or seizures. In this review， we explore the association of multiple vaccinations in children and adolescents with epilepsy or seizures， and further understand the safety of vaccination， thereby improving vaccine coverage in China.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between carotid atherosclerosis(CAS)and subclinical left ventricular(LV)dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with preserved LV ejection fraction(LVEF).Methods:A total of 120 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had LVEF≥50% were selected in the Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from June 2021 to October 2021. The global longitudinal strain(GLS)was obtained by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography(STE)to assess subclinical LV systolic function. The mitral ratio of peak early to late diastolic filling velocity(E/A), and mitral velocity to early diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus(E/E′)ratio were obtained by pulsed tissue Doppler echocardiography to assess LV diastolic function. Acrroding to bilateral carotid ultrasound examination, the subjects were divided into normal carotid arteries group( n=46) and CAS group( n=74). Demographics and biochemical parameters were compared between two groups. Binary logistic regression and Pearson correlation analysis were used to evaluate the relationship between CAS and subclinical LV dysfunction. Results:The CAS group had a higher proportion of men, older age, and a longer duration of diabetes than the normal carotid arteries group(all P<0.05). There was no difference in LVEF and GLS between the two groups [normal carotid arteries group vs CAS group, LVEF: (60.72±4.73)% vs(60.07±4.28)%; GLS: (18.24±3.72)% vs(17.81±3.47)%, respectively; both P>0.05]. However, compared with normal carotid arteries group, E/A ratio was decreased and E/E′ ratio was significantly increased in CAS group(both P<0.01). Pearson correlation analysis showed that GLS was not correlated with carotid plaque thickness and carotid intima-media thickness(CIMT; both P>0.05). By contrast, E/E′ ratio was positively correlated with carotid plaque thickness and CIMT(both P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that GLS and E/E′ ratio were not associated with CAS( both P>0.05). However, decreased E/A ratio was significantly associated with the existence of CAS( OR=0.09, 95% CI 0.01-0.67, P=0.018). Conclusions:In type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without overt heart failure and with preserved LVEF, the occurrence of CAS is not associated with subclinical LV systolic impairment assessed by GLS, but is significantly associated with LV diastolic dysfunction, and is independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors.