ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) on the occurrence, development of psoriasis-like inflammation in mice, and the relative immune mechanisms. MethodsHealthy C57BL/6 mice aged 6-8 weeks were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (Control), psoriasis model group (IMQ), and HDAC3 inhibitor RGFP966-treated psoriasis model group (IMQ+RGFP966). One day prior to the experiment, the back hair of the mice was shaved. After a one-day stabilization period, the mice in Control group was treated with an equal amount of vaseline, while the mice in IMQ group was treated with imiquimod (62.5 mg/d) applied topically on the back to establish a psoriasis-like inflammation model. The mice in IMQ+RGFP966 group received intervention with a high dose of the HDAC3-selective inhibitor RGFP966 (30 mg/kg) based on the psoriasis-like model. All groups were treated continuously for 5 d, during which psoriasis-like inflammation symptoms (scaling, erythema, skin thickness), body weight, and mental status were observed and recorded, with photographs taken for documentation. After euthanasia, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to assess the effect of RGFP966 on the skin tissue structure of the mice, and skin thickness was measured. The mRNA and protein expression levels of HDAC3 in skin tissues were detected using reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot (WB), respectively. Flow cytometry was employed to analyze neutrophils in peripheral blood and lymph nodes, CD4⁺ T lymphocytes, CD8⁺ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood, and IL-17A secretion by peripheral blood CD4⁺ T lymphocytes. Additionally, spleen CD4⁺ T lymphocyte expression of HDAC3, CCR6, CCR8, and IL-17A secretion levels were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the localization and expression levels of HDAC3, IL-17A, and IL-10 in skin tissues. ResultsCompared with the Control group, the IMQ group exhibited significant psoriasis-like inflammation, characterized by erythema, scaling, and skin wrinkling. Compared with the IMQ group, RGFP966 exacerbated psoriasis-like inflammatory symptoms, leading to increased hyperkeratosis. The psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) skin symptom scores were higher in the IMQ group than those in the Control group, and the scores were further elevated in the IMQ+RGFP966 group compared to the IMQ group. Skin thickness measurements showed a trend of IMQ+RGFP966>IMQ>Control. The numbers of neutrophils in the blood and lymph nodes increased sequentially in the Control, IMQ, and IMQ+RGFP966 groups, with a similar trend observed for CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes in the blood. In skin tissues, compared with the Control group, the mRNA and protein levels of HDAC3 decreased in the IMQ group, but RGFP966 did not further reduce these expressions. HDAC3 was primarily located in the nucleus. Compared with the Control group, the nuclear HDAC3 content decreased in the skin tissues of the IMQ group, and RGFP966 further reduced nuclear HDAC3. Compared with the Control and IMQ groups, RGFP966 treatment decreased HDAC3 expression in splenic CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells. RGFP966 treatment increased the expression of CCR6 and CCR8 in splenic CD4⁺ T cells and enhanced IL-17A secretion by peripheral blood and splenic CD4⁺ T lymphocytes. Additionally, compared with the IMQ group, RGFP966 reduced IL-10 protein levels and upregulated IL-17A expression in skin tissues. ConclusionRGFP966 exacerbates psoriatic-like inflammatory responses by inhibiting HDAC3, increasing the secretion of the cytokine IL-17A, and upregulating the expression of chemokines CCR8 and CCR6.

ObjectiveNon-invasive magnetic stimulation technology has been widely used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but there is a lack of convenient and timely methods for evaluating and providing feedback on the effectiveness of the stimulation, which can be used to guide the adjustment of the stimulation protocol. This study aims to explore the possibility of heart rate variability (HRV) in diagnosing AD and guiding AD magnetic stimulation intervention techniques. MethodsIn this study, we used a 40 Hz, 10 mT pulsed magnetic field to expose AD mouse models to whole-body exposure for 18 d, and detected the behavioral and electroencephalographic signals before and after exposure, as well as the instant electrocardiographic signals after exposure every day. ResultsUsing one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, we found that some HRV indicators could identify AD mouse models as accurately as behavioral and electroencephalogram(EEG) changes (P<0.05) and significantly distinguish the severity of the disease (P<0.05), including rMSSD, pNN6, LF/HF, SD1/SD2, and entropy arrangement. These HRV indicators showed good correlation and statistical significance with behavioral and EEG changes (r>0.3, P<0.05); HRV indicators were significantly modulated by the magnetic field exposure before and after the exposure, both of which were observed in the continuous changes of electrocardiogram (ECG) (P<0.05), and the trend of the stimulation effect was more accurately observed in the continuous changes of ECG. ConclusionHRV can accurately reflect the pathophysiological changes and disease degree, quickly evaluate the effect of magnetic stimulation, and has the potential to guide the pattern of magnetic exposure, providing a new idea for the study of personalized electromagnetic neuroregulation technology for brain diseases.

Objective: To analyze prevalence and associated factors of attempting e cigarettes use among senior high school students in Beijing City between 2019 and 2023, in order to providing references for the construction of smoke free senior high schools environments. Methods: In 2019, 9 137 students from 44 senior high schools in Beijing City were monitored, including 27 general senior high schools and 17 vocational senior high schools. In 2023, the study included 6 709 students from 30 senior high schools comprising 21 general senior high schools and 9 vocational senior high schools. On site investigations using anonymous questionnaires were conducted. The monitoring content included demographic information, second hand smoke exposure, tobacco product use and tobacco awareness. Chi square test was used to compare the differences of various indicators in different groups, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was adopted to analysis the influencing factors among senior high school students attempting to use e cigarettes between 2019 and 2023. Results: In 2019, the rates of vocational senior high school and general senior high school students attempting to use e-cigarettes were 22.57% and 9.78%, respectively. In 2023, it decreased to 14.39% and 6.43%, respectively. In 2019 ( OR =1.59,95% CI =1.35-1.88) and 2023 ( OR =1.71,95% CI =1.38-2.11), vocational senior high school students both hold higher risk of attempting to use e-cigarettes,compared with general senior high school students. In 2019, non-indigenous senior high school students attempting to use e cigarettes were more than indigenous senior high school students ( OR = 1.28 , 95% CI =1.05-1.56). In 2019 ( OR =1.62, 95% CI =1.34-1.95) and 2023 ( OR =1.77, 95% CI =1.35-2.31), smoking anywhere in households increased the risk of attempting to use e-cigarettes among senior high school students. In both 2019 and 2023, not attempting to smoke cigarettes ( OR =0.24,95% CI =0.21-0.29; OR =0.15,95% CI =0.11-0.19), not currently smoking cigarettes ( OR =0.29,95% CI =0.22-0.40; OR =0.30,95% CI =0.17-0.53), not being exposed to secondhand smoke in school ( OR =0.62, 95% CI = 0.53 -0.72; OR =0.51, 95% CI =0.41-0.64) or in outdoor public places ( OR =0.74, 95% CI =0.63-0.86; OR = 0.62 , 95% CI =0.50-0.78) all reduced the risk of attempting to use e-cigarettes among senior hgih school students( P <0.05). Conclusion The influencing factors of attempts by senior high school students in Beijing City to use e-cigarettes are generally consistent between 2023 and 2019, with a focus on vocational senior high schools to ensure the continuity of intervention measures and promote the construction of smoke free senior high schools.

Gadopiclenol was used in adults and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older during magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)to detect and view lesions of the central nervous system(brain,spine,and associated tissues)and body(head and neck,chest,abdomen,pelvis,and musculoskeletal system)with abnormal vascular properties.Gadopiclenol is a new type of macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agent(GBCA).In this article,the molecular structure,principle of action,pharmacodynamics,pharmacokinetics,clinical studies,safety and other aspects of Gadopiclenol were reviewed,in order to introduce the current research status and existing achievements of Gadopiclenol.

On May 27,2021,the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)officially approved Lantheus'PYLARIFY?(Piflufolastat F 18,18 F-labeled imaging agent),which can be used for positron emission computed tomography(PET)of prostate-specific membrane antigen(PSMA)-positive lesions in prostate cancer patients to accurately identify prostate cancer with suspected metastasis or recurrence.Piflufolastat F 18 is approved by FDA for two indications.The first is the initial staging for suspected metastatic lesions in men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer.The second is restaging,with the goal of identifying lesions in the setting of biochem ical recurrence.

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome(LGS)is a severe,epileptic encephalopathy.In recent years,a variety of drugs have been approved for the treatment of LGS.The U.S.Food and Drug Administration ap-proved clobazam and cannabidiol as adjunctive therapy for LGS in October 2011 and June 2018,respectively.This article provides an overview of clobazam and cannabidiol,including their chemical structures,pharmaco-logical actions,curative effects,safety profile,drug interactions,to introduce the current state of research and the achievements of both drugs.

Infantile epileptic spasm syndrome(IESS)is a new concept proposed recently.IESS is a unique and age-specific refractory epilepsy syndrome.The recent advances in molecular biology,neuroimmunol-ogy and the in-depth study of anti-epileptic mechanism in antiepileptic drugs have led to the achievements in the definition and treatment of infantile epileptic spasm.At present,the use of traditional antiepileptic drugs is de-creasing,while the use of new antiepileptic drugs is increasing.In this paper,based on the relevant literature in recent years,the authors discuss the pathogenesis,epidemiology,etiology,diagnosis,treatment,therapeutic drugs,clinical progress,efficacy,and safety of infantile epileptic spasm,hoping to introduce the latest status in research and achievements of IESS.

Objective: To understand the prevalence and related factors of tobacco use among junior high school students in Beijing, so as to provide evidence to effectively conduct tobacco control intervention strategy. Methods: From April to June in 2019 and 2023, 6 489 and 6 898 junior high school students were selected by the probability proportion to size(PPS) method, and a total of 13 387 questionnaires were completed. Questionnaire on tobacco monitoring among junior high school students in Beijing was completed by selffilling. The monitoring content included demographic information, secondhand smoke exposure, tobacco product use, tobacco awareness, etc. Chisquare test was used to compare the difference of various indicators in different groups, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was adopted to analysis the influencing factors related to the current smoking among junior high school students. Results: In 2019,the current traditional cigarettes and ecigarette smoking rates among junior high school students in Beijing were 1.34%, 1.88%, respectively, and decreased to 0.81%, 1.06% in 2023 (χ2=8.36, 15.17, P＜0.01). The attempted traditional cigarettes and ecigarette smoking rates among junior high school students in Beijing decreased from 6.67%, 6.47% in 2019 to 3.93%, 4.16% in 2023 (χ2=49.99, 35.26, P＜0.01). In 2019, the secondhand smoke exposure rates of junior high school students at homes, indoor public places, and outdoor public places were 31.04%, 44.94%, and 49.88% respectively which decreased to 22.59%, 30.23%, and 36.14% in 2023 (χ2=121.63, 308.60, 257.41, P<0.01). In 2023, male students (OR=2.88), senior students (grade 2 and 3) (OR=4.37, 4.92), disposable pocket money>20 yuan/week (OR=2.01), secondhand smoke exposure at home (OR=2.74), indoor public places (OR=2.64), perception that smoking makes young people more attractive (OR=6.29), and perception that ecigarettes help quit smoking (OR=4.31) were associated with higher tobacco use (P<0.05). Conclusions Tobacco use and secondhand smoke among junior high school students in Beijing decrease significantly. Tobacco control interventions should be provided for junior high school students continuously with a focus on ecigarettes use to promote physical and mental health development among students.

Objective:To analyze the level and clinical significance of IL-18 and IL-18-binding protein (BP) in the bone marrow of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) .Methods:A total of 43 newly diagnosed patients with MDS who were admitted to the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, from July 2020 to February 2021 were randomly selected. The control group consisted of 14 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 25 patients with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA). The levels of IL-18 and IL-18 BP in the bone marrow supernatant were measured, and their correlations with MDS severity, as well as the functionality of CD8 + T cells and natural killer cells, was analyzed. Results:The levels of IL-18, IL-18 BP, and free IL-18 (fIL-18) in the bone marrow supernatant of patients with MDS were higher than in the IDA group. The level of fIL-18 was linearly and negatively correlated with the MDS-International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) score. IL-18 receptor (IL-18Rα) expression on CD8 + T cells in the MDS group was lower than in the IDA group, and the levels of fIL-18 and IL-18Rα were positively correlated with CD8 + T-cell function in the MDS group. Conclusion:IL-18 BP antagonizes IL-18, leading to a decrease in fIL-18 in the bone marrow microenvironment of patients with MDS, affecting CD8 + T-cell function, which is closely related to MDS severity; therefore, it may become a new target for MDS treatment.

Objective To evaluate the perioperative anxiety state and analyze the influencing factors of burned patients.Methods A total of 110 burned patients undergoing selective surgery under general anesthesia were included in the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from February to August 2022.All patients were evaluated with self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),visual analogue scale-anxiety(VAS-a),visual analogue scale-pain(VAS-p),mini-mental state examination(MMSE),and Ramsay sedation score 1-day before and after operation.The patients'parameters were recorded including mean arterial pressure(MAP)and heart rate(HR)at admission(T0),before anesthesia induction(T1),2 min after intubation(T2),15 min after surgery(T3),during surgery(T4),at surgery end(T5),and immediately after leaving the operating room(T6).The occurrence and the influencing factors of perioperative anxiety in burn patients were analyzed using the univariate and multivariate logistic regression.Results The incidence of preoperative and postoperative anxiety in burn patients was 29.1%and 22.3%respectively.Univariate logistic analysis showed that gender(P=0.002),burn time(P=0.046),burn area(P=0.005),burn site(P=0.035),and degree of preoperative pain(P=0.001)were related with preoperative anxiety status in burn patients;while burn time(P=0.030),burn area(P=0.001),burn site(P=0.016),degree of preoperative pain(P=0.021),and preoperative anxiety status(P＜0.001)were related with postoperative anxiety state in burn patients.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender and degree of preoperative pain were the independent influencing factors of preoperative anxiety status in burn patients(P=0.002,0.022),and preoperative anxiety status was the independent influencing factor of postoperative anxiety status in burn patients(P＜0.001).Compared with the preoperative non-anxious patients(n=73),preoperative anxious patients(n=30)showed no significant difference in MAP at each time point(P＞0.05),but HR was accelerated(P＜0.05),and the dosage of sufentanil,remifentanil and propofol increased significantly during the operation(P＜0.05).Conclusions The anxiety state of burn patients was significantly higher before operation than that after operation,and their consumption of anesthetic drugs during operation was higher,and there was no significant correlation with the type and number of operation.Gender,degree of preoperative pain and anxiety state were the independent influencing factors of perioperative anxiety state in burn patients.Early intervention against relevant factors will help patients recover quickly.