Humans ; Female ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/surgery* ; Thoracic Wall/pathology* ; Adenocarcinoma, Papillary ; Breast Neoplasms/surgery* ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology*

PURPOSE: Patients with multiple traumas are at high risk of developing respiratory complications, including pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Many pulmonary complications are associated with systemic inflammation and pulmonary neutrophilic infiltration. Leukotriene-receptor antagonists are anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant drugs subsiding airway inflammation. The present study investigates the effectiveness of montelukast in reducing pulmonary complications among trauma patients. METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-control trial was conducted in patients with multiple blunt traumas and evidence of lung contusion detected via CT scan. We excluded patients if they met at least one of the following conditions: < 16 years old, history of cardiopulmonary diseases or positive history of montelukast-induced hypersensitivity reactions. Patients were allocated to the treatment (10 mg of montelukast) or placebo group using permuted block randomization method. The primary measured outcome was the volume of pulmonary contusion at the end of the trial. The secondary outcomes were intensive care unit and hospital length of stay, ventilation days, multi-organ failure, and the in-hospital mortality rate. RESULTS: In total, 65 eligible patients (treatment = 31, placebo = 34) were included for the final analysis. The treatment group had more pulmonary contusion volume (mean (SD), mm³) at the right (68726.97 (93656.54) vs. 59730.27 (76551.74)) and the left side (67501.71 (91514.04) vs. 46502.21 (80604.21)), higher initial C-reactive peptide level (12.16 (10.58) vs. 10.85 (17.87)) compared to the placebo group, but the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). At the end of the study, the mean (SD) of pulmonary contusion volume (mm³) (right side = 116748.74 (361705.12), left side = 64522.03 (117266.17)) of the treatment group were comparable to that of the placebo group (right side = 40051.26 (64081.56), left side = 25929.12 (47417.13), p = 0.228 and 0.082, respectively). Moreover, both groups have statistically similar hospital (mean (SD), days) (10.87 (9.83) vs. 13.05 (10.12)) and intensive care unit length of stays (mean (SD), days) (7.16 (8.15) vs. 7.82 (7.48)). Of note, the frequency of the in-hospital complications (treatment vs. control group) including acute respiratory distress syndrome (12.9% vs. 8.8%, p = 0.71), pneumonia (19.4% vs. 17.6%, p = 0.85), multi-organ failure (12.9% vs. 17.6%, p = 0.58) and the mortality rate (22.6% vs. 14.7%, p = 0.41) were comparable between the groups. CONCLUSION Administrating montelukast has no preventive or therapeutic effects on lung contusion or its complications.
Humans ; Adolescent ; Thoracic Wall ; Pneumonia ; Wounds, Nonpenetrating ; Thoracic Injuries/drug therapy* ; Lung Injury ; Contusions ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome/etiology* ; Inflammation ; Tablets ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effectiveness of lobulated pedicled rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap to repair huge chest wall defect. METHODS: Between June 2021 and June 2022, 14 patients with huge chest wall defects were treated with radical resection of the lesion and lobulated pedicled rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap transplantation for reconstruction of chest wall defects. The patients included 5 males and 9 females with an average age of 44.2 years (range, 32-57 years). The size of skin and soft tissue defect ranged from 20 cm×16 cm to 22 cm×22 cm. The bilateral pedicled rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps in size of 26 cm×8 cm to 35 cm×14 cm were prepaired and cut into two skin paddles with basically equal area according to the actual defect size of the chest wall. After the lobulated pedicled rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap was transferred to the defect, there were two reshaping methods. The first method was that the skin paddle at the lower position and opposite side was unchanged, and the skin paddle at the effected side was rotated by 90° (7 cases). The second method was that the two skin paddles were rotated 90° respectively (7 cases). The donor site was sutured directly. RESULTS: All 14 flaps survived successfully and the wound healed by first intention. The incisions at donor site healed by first intention. All patients were followed up 6-12 months (mean, 8.7 months). The appearance and texture of the flaps were satisfactory. Only linear scar was left at the donor site, and the appearance and activity of the abdominal wall were not affected. No local recurrence was found in all tumor patients, and distant metastasis occurred in 2 breast cancer patients (1 liver metastasis and 1 lung metastasis). CONCLUSION The lobulated pedicled rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap in repair of huge chest wall defect can ensure the safety of blood supply of the flap to the greatest extent, ensure the effective and full use of the flap tissue, and reduce postoperative complications.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Adult ; Myocutaneous Flap/surgery* ; Plastic Surgery Procedures ; Thoracic Wall/surgery* ; Rectus Abdominis/transplantation* ; Skin Transplantation ; Breast Neoplasms/surgery* ; Soft Tissue Injuries/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To examine the feasibility and technical considerations of thorough debridement using uniportal thoracoscopic surgery for tuberculous empyema complicated by chest wall tuberculosis. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 38 patients who underwent comprehensive uniportal thoracoscopy debridement for empyema complicated by chest wall tuberculosis in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, from March 2019 to August 2021. There were 23 males and 15 females, aged (M(IQR)) 30 (25) years (range: 18 to 78 years). The patients were cleared of chest wall tuberculosis under general anesthesia and underwent an incision through the intercostal sinus, followed by the whole fiberboard decortication method. Chest tube drainage was used for pleural cavity disease and negative pressure drainage for chest wall tuberculosis with SB tube, and without muscle flap filling and pressure bandaging. If there was no air leakage, the chest tube was removed first, followed by the removal of the SB tube after 2 to 7 days if there was no obvious residual cavity on the CT scan. The patients were followed up in outpatient clinics and by telephone until October 2022. Results: The operation time was 2.0 (1.5) h (range: 1 to 5 h), and blood loss during the operation was 100 (175) ml (range: 100 to 1 200 ml). The most common postoperative complication was prolonged air leak, with an incidence rate of 81.6% (31/38). The postoperative drainage time of the chest tube was 14 (12) days (range: 2 to 31 days) and the postoperative drainage time of the SB tube was 21 (14) days (range: 4 to 40 days). The follow-up time was 25 (11) months (range: 13 to 42 months). All patients had primary healing of their incisions and there was no tuberculosis recurrence during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Uniportal thoracoscopic thorough debridement combined with postoperative standardized antituberculosis treatment is safe and feasible for the treatment of tuberculous empyema with chest wall tuberculosis, which could achieve a good long-term recovery effect.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Abscess/complications* ; Empyema, Pleural/etiology* ; Empyema, Tuberculous/complications* ; Retrospective Studies ; Thoracic Wall ; Debridement/adverse effects* ; China ; Chest Tubes/adverse effects* ; Tuberculosis/complications* ; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted ; Drainage

Surgical stabilization of the flail chest is challenging and has no established guidelines. Chest wall integrity and stability are the main factors that ensure the protection of intrathoracic organs and an adequate respiratory function. Here, we report a novel chest wall reconstruction technique in a 45-year-old man with a traumatic left flail chest and open pneumothorax diagnosed both clinically and radiographically. Rib approximation and chest wall reconstruction was done using intercostal figure-of-eight suture and polypropylene mesh with vascularized musculofascial flap. The patient improved gradually and was discharged after three weeks of total hospital stay. He returned to regular working after a month with no evidence of respiratory distress or paradoxical chest movement. Follow-up visit at one year revealed no lung hernia or paradoxical chest movement. This is a novel, feasible and cost-effective modification of chest wall reconstruction that can be adopted for thoracic wall repair in case of open flail chest, which needs emergency surgical interventions even in resource constraint settings.
Flail Chest/surgery* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polypropylenes ; Surgical Mesh ; Sutures ; Thoracic Wall/surgery*

Physical traumas are tragic and multifaceted injuries that suddenly threaten life. Although it is the third most common cause of death in all age groups, one out of four trauma patients die due to thoracic injury or its complications. Blunt injuries constitute the majority of chest trauma. This indicates the importance of chest trauma among all traumas. Blunt chest trauma is usually caused by motor vehicle accident, falling from height, blunt instrument injury and physical assault. As a result of chest trauma, many injuries may occur, such as pulmonary injuries, and these require urgent intervention. Chest wall and pulmonary injuries range from rib fractures to flail chest, pneumothorax to hemothorax and pulmonary contusion to tracheobronchial injuries. Following these injuries, patients may present with a simple dyspnea or even respiratory arrest. For such patient, it is important to understand the treatment logic and to take a multidisciplinary approach to treat the pulmonary and chest wall injuries. This is because only 10% of thoracic trauma patients require surgical operation and the remaining 90% can be treated with simple methods such as appropriate airway, oxygen support, maneuvers, volume support and tube thoracostomy. Adequate pain control in chest trauma is sometimes the most basic and best treatment. With definite diagnosis, the morbidity and mortality can be significantly reduced by simple treatment methods.
Flail Chest ; therapy ; Hemothorax ; therapy ; Humans ; Lung Injury ; therapy ; Pain Management ; Pneumothorax ; therapy ; Rib Fractures ; therapy ; Thoracic Injuries ; therapy ; Thoracic Wall ; injuries ; Wounds, Nonpenetrating ; therapy

Central hypoventilation syndrome is a rare and fatal condition resulting from various central nervous system disorders that is characterized by a failure of automatic breathing. We report a case of central hypoventilation syndrome following posterior circulation stroke whose pulmonary function was improved by respiratory rehabilitation. A 59-year-old woman with a history of hemorrhagic stroke of the bilateral cerebellum was hospitalized due to pneumonia. A portable ventilator was applied via tracheostomy, recurrent episodes of apnea and hypercapnia impeded weaning. A respiratory rehabilitation program including chest wall range of motion exercise, air stacking exercise, neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on abdominal muscles, upper extremity ergometer, locomotor training, high-frequency chest wall oscillator, mechanical insufflation, and exsufflation was employed, as spirometry showed a severe restrictive pattern. A spontaneous breathing trial was started, and a portable ventilator was applied for 8 hours, only during nighttime, to prevent sudden apneic event. After 4 weeks of treatment, follow-up spirometry showed much improved respiratory parameters. This case suggests that respiratory rehabilitation can improve pulmonary function parameters and quality of life in central hypoventilation syndrome.
Abdominal Muscles ; Apnea ; Central Nervous System Diseases ; Cerebellum ; Electric Stimulation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypercapnia ; Hypoventilation ; Insufflation ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia ; Quality of Life ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Rehabilitation ; Respiration ; Respiratory Center ; Spirometry ; Stroke ; Thoracic Wall ; Tracheostomy ; Upper Extremity ; Ventilators, Mechanical ; Weaning

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the clinical outcomes of surgical treatment of primary chest wall soft tissue sarcoma (CW-STS). METHODS: Thirty-one patients who underwent surgery for CW-STS between 2000 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. The disease-free and overall survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and prognostic factors were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: The median follow-up duration was 65.6 months. The most common histologic type of tumor was malignant fibrous histiocytoma (29%). The resection extended to the soft tissue in 14 patients, while it reached full thickness in 17 patients. Complete resection was achieved in 27 patients (87.1%). There were 5 cases of local recurrence, 3 cases of distant metastasis, and 5 cases of combined recurrence. The 5-year disease-free rate was 49%. Univariate analysis indicated that incomplete resection (p<0.001) and stage (p=0.062) were possible risk factors for recurrence. Multivariate analysis determined that incomplete resection (p=0.013) and stage (p=0.05) were significantly associated with recurrence. The overall 5- and 10-year survival rates were 86.8% and 64.3%, respectively. No prognostic factor for survival was identified. CONCLUSION: Long-term primary CW-STS surgery outcomes were found to be favorable. Incomplete microscopic resection and stage were risk factors for recurrence.
Follow-Up Studies ; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous ; Humans ; Methods ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sarcoma ; Survival Rate ; Thoracic Wall ; Thorax

BACKGROUND: Primary chest wall sarcoma is a rare disease with limited reports of surgical resection. METHODS: This retrospective review included 41 patients with primary chest wall sarcoma who underwent chest wall resection and reconstruction from 2001 to 2015. The clinical, histologic, and surgical variables were collected and analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses for overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). RESULTS: The OS rates at 5 and 10 years were 73% and 61%, respectively. The RFS rate at 10 years was 57.1%. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed old age (hazard ratio [HR], 5.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.71–15.48) as a significant risk factor for death. A surgical resection margin distance of less than 1.5 cm (HR, 15.759; 95% CI, 1.78–139.46) and histologic grade III (HR, 28.36; 95% CI, 2.76–290.87) were independent risk factors for recurrence. CONCLUSION: Long-term OS and RFS after the surgical resection of primary chest wall sarcoma were clinically acceptable.
Humans ; Rare Diseases ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sarcoma ; Thoracic Wall ; Thorax

Pectus excavatum (PE) is known as one of the most common congenital deformities of the anterior chest wall. The Nuss procedure is an effective surgical therapy to correct PE. Here, we report a case of recurrent cardiac tamponade due to hemopericardium that occurred after 16 months following the Nuss procedure. The cause of recurrent hemopericardium was thought to be local, repetitive irritation of the pericardium by the Nuss steel bar. We should keep in mind that this serious complication can occur after the Nuss procedure, even in the late phase.
Cardiac Tamponade ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Funnel Chest ; Pericardial Effusion ; Pericardium ; Steel ; Thoracic Wall