Purpose: This study aimed to explore the trends in research keywords and topics in the field of urology based on text mining over the recent decades. The investigation looked into changes in frequent subject keywords and the trends in prevailing research topics, as reflected in representative urology journals over recent decades. Materials and Methods: A total of 27,129 bibliographic documents were collected from four urology journals, including European Urology, Journal of Urology, BJU International, and World Journal of Urology. The study then examined the changes in the most frequent author keywords over the decades. Moreover, structured topic modeling was employed to identify twenty prevailing research topics in urology and to examine their trends across different periods. Results: The study observed consistently increasing patterns in author keywords and topics related to the prostate and oncology.Conversely, research fields such as pediatrics, male infertility, voiding dysfunction, and cancer biology exhibited a downward trend in urology. Potential factors or reasons underlying these trends were further discussed in this study. Conclusions This exploratory study uncovered major research topics in the discipline of urology. The findings of this study depict the domain of urology research in recent decades, providing insights for both researchers and clinicians seeking to better understand the research trends in the discipline.

Objective To study the microscopic structure and morphological characteristics of Zebrafish eyeball and retina at different developmental stages, and to lay a foundation for visual research model. Methods Select eight groups of zebrafish at different ages, with six fish in each group, 48 fish in total. Optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the eyeball structure of Zebrafish at different developmental stages, and the thickness of retinal each layer was measured to analyze the temporal and spatial development pattern. The morphological characteristics of various cells in the retina and the way of nerve connection were observed from the microscopic and ultrastructural aspects, especially the structural differences between rod cells and cone cells. Results The retina of Zebrafish can be divided into ten layers including retinal pigment epithelial layer, rod cells and cone cells layer, outer limiting membrane, outer nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, inner plexiform layer, ganglion cell layer, nerve fiber layer, inner limiting membrane. Rod cells had a smaller nucleus and a higher electron density than cone cells. Photoreceptor terminals were neatly arranged in the outer plexiform layer, forming neural connections with horizontal cells and bipolar cells, and several synaptic ribbons are clearly visible within them. In Zebrafish retina, ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer are the earliest developed. With the growth and development of Zebrafish, the thickness of rod cells and cone cells layer and retinal pigment epithelial layer gradually increases, and the retinal structure was basically developed in about 10 weeks. Conclusion The retinal structure of Zebrafish is typical, with obvious stratification and highly differentiated nerve cells. There are abundant neural connections in the outer plexiform layer. The ocular development characteristics of Zebrafish are similar to those of most mammals.

Female ; Humans ; Breast Neoplasms ; Testosterone ; Prolactin ; Estradiol ; Testosterone Congeners ; China

Purpose: This study aimed to establish and characterize patient-derived intestinal organoids (PDOs) from children with Crohn’s disease (CD). Methods: To generate PDOs, endoscopic biopsy specimens were obtained from noninflamed duodenal bulbs of normal controls and CD patients. To verify the presence of PDOs, histological staining and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR) analyses were performed. Results: PDOs were successfully established in normal controls (n=2) and CD patients (n=2). Hematoxylin and eosin staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded PDO sections revealed crypt and villus structures, whereas immunofluorescence staining with EpCAM and DAPI confirmed the epithelial-specific architecture of the PDOs. RT-qPCR results revealed a significant increase in Lgr5, Si, and Chga gene expression and a decrease in Olfm4 and Muc2 expression in CD patients compared to normal controls, suggesting altered stem cell activity and mucosal barrier function (p<0.05). Conclusion We successfully established and characterized PDOs in children with CD, providing a valuable tool for understanding the pathophysiology of the disease and evaluating potential therapeutic approaches. The differential gene expression of PDOs in CD patients might be caused by the complex interplay between epithelial adaptation and inflammation in the intestinal epithelium.

Purpose: This study aimed to establish and characterize patient-derived intestinal organoids (PDOs) from children with Crohn’s disease (CD). Methods: To generate PDOs, endoscopic biopsy specimens were obtained from noninflamed duodenal bulbs of normal controls and CD patients. To verify the presence of PDOs, histological staining and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR) analyses were performed. Results: PDOs were successfully established in normal controls (n=2) and CD patients (n=2). Hematoxylin and eosin staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded PDO sections revealed crypt and villus structures, whereas immunofluorescence staining with EpCAM and DAPI confirmed the epithelial-specific architecture of the PDOs. RT-qPCR results revealed a significant increase in Lgr5, Si, and Chga gene expression and a decrease in Olfm4 and Muc2 expression in CD patients compared to normal controls, suggesting altered stem cell activity and mucosal barrier function (p<0.05). Conclusion We successfully established and characterized PDOs in children with CD, providing a valuable tool for understanding the pathophysiology of the disease and evaluating potential therapeutic approaches. The differential gene expression of PDOs in CD patients might be caused by the complex interplay between epithelial adaptation and inflammation in the intestinal epithelium.

Since its inception in 1893, shoulder arthroplasty has become an increasingly common surgical procedure. Between 1998 and 2008, shoulder arthroplasty procedures increased by nearly 28,000 cases per year in the United States alone and is the fastest growing joint replacement surgery among all joint. Despite its advantages, shoulder arthroplasty is often accompanied by significant postoperative pain. Pain control continues to be a major concern in patient management, as it impacts operative costs, postoperative mobility, length of hospital stay, patient satisfaction, and overall surgical outcomes. This review aims to provide an overview of drugs such as opioids and regional anesthetics, as well as methods such as local wound infiltration, nerve block, brachial plexus infiltration, cryotherapy and multimodal approaches employed in postoperative shoulder arthroplasty pain control.

Purpose: This study aimed to establish and characterize patient-derived intestinal organoids (PDOs) from children with Crohn’s disease (CD). Methods: To generate PDOs, endoscopic biopsy specimens were obtained from noninflamed duodenal bulbs of normal controls and CD patients. To verify the presence of PDOs, histological staining and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR) analyses were performed. Results: PDOs were successfully established in normal controls (n=2) and CD patients (n=2). Hematoxylin and eosin staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded PDO sections revealed crypt and villus structures, whereas immunofluorescence staining with EpCAM and DAPI confirmed the epithelial-specific architecture of the PDOs. RT-qPCR results revealed a significant increase in Lgr5, Si, and Chga gene expression and a decrease in Olfm4 and Muc2 expression in CD patients compared to normal controls, suggesting altered stem cell activity and mucosal barrier function (p<0.05). Conclusion We successfully established and characterized PDOs in children with CD, providing a valuable tool for understanding the pathophysiology of the disease and evaluating potential therapeutic approaches. The differential gene expression of PDOs in CD patients might be caused by the complex interplay between epithelial adaptation and inflammation in the intestinal epithelium.

Since its inception in 1893, shoulder arthroplasty has become an increasingly common surgical procedure. Between 1998 and 2008, shoulder arthroplasty procedures increased by nearly 28,000 cases per year in the United States alone and is the fastest growing joint replacement surgery among all joint. Despite its advantages, shoulder arthroplasty is often accompanied by significant postoperative pain. Pain control continues to be a major concern in patient management, as it impacts operative costs, postoperative mobility, length of hospital stay, patient satisfaction, and overall surgical outcomes. This review aims to provide an overview of drugs such as opioids and regional anesthetics, as well as methods such as local wound infiltration, nerve block, brachial plexus infiltration, cryotherapy and multimodal approaches employed in postoperative shoulder arthroplasty pain control.

Since its inception in 1893, shoulder arthroplasty has become an increasingly common surgical procedure. Between 1998 and 2008, shoulder arthroplasty procedures increased by nearly 28,000 cases per year in the United States alone and is the fastest growing joint replacement surgery among all joint. Despite its advantages, shoulder arthroplasty is often accompanied by significant postoperative pain. Pain control continues to be a major concern in patient management, as it impacts operative costs, postoperative mobility, length of hospital stay, patient satisfaction, and overall surgical outcomes. This review aims to provide an overview of drugs such as opioids and regional anesthetics, as well as methods such as local wound infiltration, nerve block, brachial plexus infiltration, cryotherapy and multimodal approaches employed in postoperative shoulder arthroplasty pain control.

Purpose: This study aimed to establish and characterize patient-derived intestinal organoids (PDOs) from children with Crohn’s disease (CD). Methods: To generate PDOs, endoscopic biopsy specimens were obtained from noninflamed duodenal bulbs of normal controls and CD patients. To verify the presence of PDOs, histological staining and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR) analyses were performed. Results: PDOs were successfully established in normal controls (n=2) and CD patients (n=2). Hematoxylin and eosin staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded PDO sections revealed crypt and villus structures, whereas immunofluorescence staining with EpCAM and DAPI confirmed the epithelial-specific architecture of the PDOs. RT-qPCR results revealed a significant increase in Lgr5, Si, and Chga gene expression and a decrease in Olfm4 and Muc2 expression in CD patients compared to normal controls, suggesting altered stem cell activity and mucosal barrier function (p<0.05). Conclusion We successfully established and characterized PDOs in children with CD, providing a valuable tool for understanding the pathophysiology of the disease and evaluating potential therapeutic approaches. The differential gene expression of PDOs in CD patients might be caused by the complex interplay between epithelial adaptation and inflammation in the intestinal epithelium.