The deficiency of fingers due to various reasons leads to a certain degree of loss of full or part hand functions. Physical and mental health of patients are seriously affected, and patients have varying degrees of reduced quality of life. Prosthesis fingers play an important role in completing the body shape and enhancing patients’ self-confidence and self-esteem. However, how to make prosthesis fingers perform coordinated movements and restore complete functions is a crucial problem that urgently needs to be solved. This paper reviews the methods of brain-computer interface controlled fine finger movements and elaborates on the origin, current situation, and advancements of the development of this technology, laying a foundation for subsequent research, with the expectation of helping patients solve the problems arising from the insufficiency or absence of finger functions.

ObjectiveTo explore the pharmacological mechanism involved in the treatment of allergic cough （AC） by Xiaoer Huatan Zhike granules （XEHT） based on proteomics and network pharmacology. MethodsAfter sensitization by intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL suspension containing 2 mg ovalbumin （OVA） and 100 mg aluminum hydroxide， a guinea pig model of allergic cough was constructed by nebulization with 1% OVA. The modeled guinea pigs were randomized into the model， low-， medium- and high-dose （1， 5， 20 g·kg^-1， respectively） XEHT， and sodium montelukast （1 mg·kg^-1） groups （n=6）， and another 6 guinea pigs were selected as the blank group. The guinea pigs in drug administration groups were administrated with the corresponding drugs by gavage， and those in the blank and model groups received the same volume of normal saline by gavage， 1 time·d^-1. After 10 consecutive days of drug administration， the guinea pigs were stimulated by 1% OVA nebulization， and the coughs were observed. The pathological changes in the lung tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to measure the levels of C-reactive protein （CRP）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， and malondialdehyde （MDA） in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） and immunoglobulin G （IgG） and immunoglobulin A （IgA） in the serum. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was employed to observe the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in the lung tissue. Transmission electron microscopy was employed observe the alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial cell ultrastructure. Real-time PCR was employed to determine the mRNA levels of IL-6， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and TNF-α in the lung tissue. Label-free proteomics was used to detect the differential proteins among groups. Network pharmacology was used to predict the targets of XEHT in treating AC. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） enrichment analysis was performed to search for the same pathways from the results of proteomics and network pharmacology. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the model group showed increased coughs （P<0.01）， elevated levels of CRP， TNF-α， IL-6， and MDA and lowered level of SOD in the BALF （P<0.05， P<0.01）， elevated levels of IgA and IgG in the serum （P<0.05， P<0.01）， congestion of the lung tissue and infiltration of inflammatory cells， increased expression of IL-6 and TNF-α （P<0.01）， large areas of low electron density edema in type Ⅱ epithelial cells， obvious swelling and vacuolization of the organelles， karyopyknosis or sparse and dissolved chromatin， and up-regulated mRNA levels of IL-6， IL-1β， and TNF-α （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the drug administration groups showed reduced coughs （P<0.01）， lowered levels of CRP， TNF-α， IL-6， and MDA and elevated level of SOD in the BALF （P<0.05， P<0.01）， alleviated lung tissue congestion， inflammatory cell infiltration， and type Ⅱ epithelial cell injury， and decreased expression of IL-6 and TNF-α （P<0.01）. In addition， the medium-dose XEHT group and the montelukast sodium group showcased lowered serum levels of IgA and IgG （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The medium- and high-dose XEHT groups and the montelukast sodium showed down-regulated mRNA levels of IL-6， IL-1β， and TNF-α and the low-dose XEHT group showed down-regulated mRNA levels of IL-6 and TNF-α （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Phospholipase D， mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）， and epidermal growth factor receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinase （ErbB） signaling pathways were the common pathways predicted by both proteomics and network pharmacology. ConclusionProteomics combined with network pharmacology reveal that XEHT can ameliorate AC by regulating the phospholipase D， mTOR， and ErbB signaling pathways.

Objective: To explore the possibility of performing allogeneic platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment for patients who were not suitable for autologous PRP collection through case reports of two patients with refractory wounds treated with allogeneic PRP. Methods: The ABO-compatible allogeneic whole blood was centrifuged 3 times to obtain allogeneic PRP within 6 hours of blood collection. Then the qualified allogeneic PRP was applied to 2 cases of refractory wound on the same day. Results: The platelet concentration in allogeneic PRP was higher than 1 000×10 /L, and the test results of infectious diseases, as well as the mixing of red blood cells and white blood cells, met the standard of quality control. Both patients achieved satisfactory wound healing outcomes (3 d). Conclusions: For patients who were not suitable for autologous PRP treatment, allogeneic PRP might be a new option.

Objective: To explore the effects of Cldn14 gene knockout on renal metabolism and stone formation in rats，so as to provide reference for research in the field of urinary calium metabolism and stone formation. Methods: Cldn14 gene knockout homozygous rats and wild-type rats of the same age were randomly divided into 4 groups：wild-type control (WC) group，wild-type ethylene glycol (WE) group，gene knockout control (KC) group and gene knockout ethylene glycol (KE) group，with 10 rats in each group.The WE and KE groups were induced with ethylene glycol + ammonium chloride to form kidney stones，while the WC and KC groups received normal saline gavage.After 4 weeks of standard maintenance feeding，the urine samples were collected to detect the venous blood.The kidneys were collected for HE，Pizzolatto's staining and transmission electron microscopy.The protein in renal tissues was extracted to detect the expressions of Claudin16 and Claudin19. Results: Crystal deposition was observed in the renal tubular lumen of the WE and the KE groups，and more crystals were detected in the KE group.The WE group had a large number of intracytoplasmic black crystalline inclusions observed in renal tubular epithelial cells under transmission electron microscope，followed by the KE and KC groups.Compared with WC and WE groups，KC and KE groups had significantly decreased serum calcium and magnesium levels but significantly increased urinary calcium level.In addition，the urinary calcium level was higher in the WE group than in the WC group and higher in the KE group than in the KC group.The KE group had lower level of Claudin16，but there was no significant difference in the level of Claudin19 among the 4 groups(P>0.05). Conclusion: Knockout of Cldn14 gene alone cannot effectively reduce urinary calcium excretion or reduce the risk of stone formation in rats，which may be related to the decrease of Claudin16 level.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect and mechanism of Sishenjian on synovial lesions induced by monosodium iodoacetate （MIA） in rats with knee osteoarthritis （KOA）. MethodSixty female Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into the following six groups： normal group， model group， celecoxib group， and high-， medium-， and low-dose Sishenjian group. The KOA rat model was established by intra-articular injection of MIA. Celecoxib （18 mg·kg^-1） and Sishenjian （14.4， 7.2， 3.6 g·kg^-1） were administered by gavage according to the groups. All rats were euthanized after four weeks of continuous administration. The transverse diameter of the bilateral knee joints of rats was measured， and gross observation of the knee joint was performed. Pathological changes in knee joint synovial tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and picrosirius red staining. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was used to detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A （VEGFA） in synovial tissue. The levels of inflammatory cytokines in the joint synovial fluid were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot were used to detect the expression of mRNA and proteins related to the transforming growth factor-β₁ （TGF-β₁）/Smad2/3 pathway in knee joint synovium. ResultCompared with the normal group， the transverse diameter of the knee joint in the model group significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the transverse diameter of the knee joint in rats of each Sishenjian group significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， the expression levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in the knee joint synovial fluid of model group significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the knee joint synovial fluid of rats in each Sishenjian group significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， the expression levels of TGF-β₁， Smad2/3， phosphorylation（p）-Smad2/3， type Ⅰ collagen α1 （ColⅠ_α1）， type Ⅲ collagen α1 （ColⅢ_α1）， VEGFA proteins and TGF-β₁， Smad2/3， ColⅠ_α1， ColⅢ_α1 mRNA in knee joint synovium of model group significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the expression levels of TGF-β₁， Smad2/3， phosphorylation （p）-Smad2/3， ColⅠ_α1， ColⅢ_α1， VEGFA proteins and TGF-β₁， Smad2/3， ColⅠ_α1， ColⅢ_α1 mRNA in knee joint synovium of rats in each Sishenjian group significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionSishenjian can inhibit synovial inflammation and angiogenesis， and may become a potential drug for treating synovial lesions in KOA by regulating the TGF-β₁/Smad2/3 pathway.

【Objective】 To investigate additional exclusion criteria for therapeutic apheresis erythrocytes and the possibility of adverse reactions by analyzing the occurrence of rare adverse reactions in two patients who underwent therapeutic erythrocytes apheresis. 【Methods】 Erythrocytes were harvested by apheresis from two patients with indications for therapeutic erythrocytes collection for preservation or discarding. 【Results】 One case experienced persistent atrial fibrillation and a gout attack after the collection, while another case experienced persistent hypotension during the collection and a subsequent reduction in haemoglobin levels after collection 【Conclusion】 To reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, it is essential to have strict exclusion criteria for therapeutic erythrocytes apheresis and to enhance the monitoring of whole collection process in patients with atrial fibrillation and gout.

In order to provide basic information for the utilization and development of famous classical formulas containing Bletillae Rhizoma， this article systematically analyzes the historical evolution of the name， origin， harvesting and processing of Bletillae Rhizoma by reviewing the ancient materia medica， prescription books， medical books and modern literature. The research results showed that Baiji（白及） was the main name， some scholars took Baiji（白芨） as its main name， and there were many other names such as Baiji（白给）， Baigen（白根）， Baiji（白苙）. The mainstream source of Bletillae Rhizoma was the tubers of Bletilla striata， and drying， large， white， solid， root-free and skin removed completely were the good quality standards. With the promotion of wild to cultivated medicinal materials， there were certain differences between their traits， and the quality evaluation indexes should be adjusted accordingly. The origin of records in the past dynasties was widely distributed， with Guizhou and Sichuan having high production and good quality in modern times. The harvesting period is mostly in spring and autumn， and harvested in autumn was better. The processing and processing technology is relatively simple， and it was used fresh or powdered in past dynasties， while it is mainly sliced for raw use in modern times. Based on the results， it is suggested that the tubers of Bletilla striata of Orchidaceae should be used in the famous classical formulas， and it should be uniformly written as Baiji（白及）. And if the original formula indicates the requirement of processing， it should be operated according to the requirement， if the requirement of processing is not indicated， it can be used in raw form as medicine.

In recent years, organophosphate esters (OPEs), widely used in industrial and consumer products, have become ubiquitous environmental contaminants, raising concerns about their potential effects on human health, particularly fetal neurodevelopment. While published studies have suggested that prenatal exposure to OPEs may negatively impact fetal neurodevelopment, the mechanisms remain unclear. Placental neurotransmitters play a crucial role in fetal neurodevelopment during critical periods, with their synthesis, release, transport, and expression dynamically regulated by various factors, including environmental influences. This review, based on potential mediating role of placental neurotransmitters in fetal neurodevelopment, systematically reviewed studies examining the associations between prenatal OPEs exposure, alterations in maternal placental neurotransmitters, and neurodevelopmental abnormalities in offspring. The majority of studies suggested that OPEs may impact fetal neurodevelopment by interfering with placental neurotransmitter homeostasis. This review provided the first systematic overview of research demonstrating the long-term impact of OPEs on offspring neurodevelopment via placental neurotransmitters, revealing novel mechanisms of OPEs neurotoxicity, and offering a new understanding of the potential mechanisms of OPEs action on neurodevelopment.

With the popularization of transplantation technology, an increasing number of end-stage organ failure patients are undergoing transplantation surgery, and most of these patients need further monitoring and treatment in the department of critical care medicine. Due to immune suppression in transplant patients, the risk of hospital acquired infection is significantly increased. Therefore, for these patients, it is necessary to implement more stringent bundled management measures for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia, catheter-related bloodstream infections, catheter-related urinary tract infections, and surgical site infections. At the same time, stricter institutional and personnel management is needed. This article, taking into account the guideline recommendations and the experience of our center, focuses on the prevention of hospital acquired infection in organ transplant patients, in order to provide reference for clinical practice of critical care medicine.

Objective To explore the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)combined with immunotherapy before radical cystectomy plus pelvic lymph nodes dissection(RC-PLND)for muscle-invasive bladder cancer(MIBC).Methods The clinical data of 101 patients with MIBC who underwent neoadjuvant therapy followed by RC-PLND in the Department of Urology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University during Jan.2019 and Dec.2023 were retrospectively analyzed,including 71 patients(70.3％)who received NAC(NAC group)and 30(29.7％)who received NAC combined with immunotherapy(NAC combine immunotherapy group).The clinical and pathological data and adverse events during neoadjuvant therapy were compared.Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the independent predictors of pathological complete response(pCR)and pathological partial response(pPR).Results There were no significant differences in the baseline data between the two groups(P＞0.05).However,the proportion of multiple tumors in patients receiving NAC before surgery was significantly higher than that in the NAC combined immunotherapy group(69.0％vs.46.7％,P=0.034).Compared with NAC group,NAC combined with immunotherapy group had significantly improved rate of pathological downstaging and pPR(60.6％vs.83.3％,P=0.026;45.1％vs.70.0％,P=0.022).Furthermore,the rate of pCR in patients undergoing NAC combined immunotherapy was higher than those undergoing NAC,but the difference was not significant(53.3％vs.33.8％,P=0.067).Logistic regression analysis revealed that clinical T-stage and tumor diameter were independent predictors of pCR and pPR(P＜0.05).In addition,the most common adverse events during neoadjuvant therapy were anemia,decreased white blood cells,nausea,and vomiting,but most of them were grade 1-2 and could be relieved through symptomatic treatment.Conclusion NAC combined with immunotherapy is safe and effective,which can improve the rate of pathological downstaging,pPR and pCR,without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions.