Child ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; Terminology as Topic

This article summarizes the attribute conditions to the combination products designation from 2009 to 2018 in China,analyzes the common problems of combination products attribution definition.It is hoped to be helpful for researchers and manufacturers of combination products.
China ; Equipment and Supplies ; Terminology as Topic

"Qi medicinal herbs" in China refers to a kind of regional national folk herbs related to the treatment of five labors and seven injuries,the last word of which is "Qi". Our study is to sort out and standardize the name and basic confused varieties through the establishment of " Qi medicinal herbs" VFP information database. " Qi medicinal herbs" variety sorting model of " literature research-variety survey-data mining-spatial distribution" was developed by means of literature analysis which the names and varieties of " Qi medicinal herbs" in the literature were summarized and sorted out. The relationship between the distribution of " Qi medicinal herbs" resources and the use of ethnic groups were visualized by Cytoscape 2. 8. 0 software. The information database of " Qi medicinal herbs" involved in 230 kinds of medicinal materials which including 211 species of plants( including varieties) from 66 families. Medicinal materials standard in China have 9 kinds of " Qi medicinal herbs". Among them,there are 31 kinds of " Qi medicinal herbs" with the confusion of " the different names of the same" and " the different substance of the same names". The most used ethnic groups are Tujia,Qiang and Miao. The main efficacy is clearing heat and detoxification,dispelling wind and removing dampness,etc.,and the main treatment is for injury,rheumatic arthralgia and so on. Names and varieties of " Qi medicinal herbs" among Chinese ethnic groups and folk are standardized and sorted out,which is served to promotethe " Qi medicinal herbs" reasonable protection and utilization of resources,and provide effective reference for exploring the information technology and geographical distribution of ethnic medicine and standardizing clinical medication.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; standards ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; Qi ; Terminology as Topic

Many theories of acupuncture and moxibustion and treatment experience are described in the medical bamboo slips. In this paper, based on the records of () of medical bamboo slips, focusing on the questions on the nomenclature of acupoints and meridians, by the comparison of the descriptions in ( ') with other unearthed medical literature, the evolution on the nomenclature was sorted out and the rules and significance of such evolution were explored. In comparison between the evolution of the acupoint names on the head and face and that on the four limbs, the changing modes were presented and analyzed. Finally, the nomenclature of meridians and that of acupoints were compared to infer the potential factors of their own features. This preliminary exploration reflects the important significance of the comparative study of medical bamboo slips in the literature interpretation, concept understanding and theory evolution rules of meridians and acupoints.
Acupuncture ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Meridians ; Moxibustion ; Sasa ; Terminology as Topic

OBJECTIVE: investigate the current usage of terminologies related to acupotomy through systematic search and analyze the pros and cons of each for proposing a standard terminology. METHODS: Seven medical journal databases were searched including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, KoreaMed, and Korean studies Information Service System using 10 candidate terminologies as searching terms. All studies published from their inception to July 26, 2017 were collected. Articles were included if the title stated one of the 10 candidate terminologies consistent with the definition of acupotomy. Priorly established frequency and consistency of each candidate terminology from medical databases were calculated and evaluated. Moreover, the pros and cons of each were analyzed to propose a standard terminology. RESULTS: A total of 112 studies in English databases, 1,129 studies in Chinese database, and 44 studies in Korean databases were included. The most frequently used terminologies were needle knife (35.71%), acupotomy (48.54%) and acupotomy (90.90%) in English, Chinese and Korean database, respectively. Overall, acupotomy and needle knife were the most frequently used. Others like acupotomology, needle scalpel, miniscalpel acupuncture and miniscalpel needle were used within 10% of the total searched literature. Acupotome, stiletto needle, sword like needle, and Xiaozhendao were rarely used. Acupotomy had the advantages of high frequency and consistency but lacked representativeness. Needle knife also showed a high frequency, but the consistency was poor. Though miniscalpel acupuncture and miniscule needle were used less frequently, they had advantages of inclusiveness and clarity. CONCLUSION A debate for standardization of the terminology is necessary. This preliminary research can provide a basic outline for the standardization consensus process, and we believe it is noteworthy to discuss miniscalpel needle and miniscalpel acupuncture along with acupotomy and needle knife on the subject.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Databases as Topic ; Reference Standards ; Research ; Terminology as Topic

- () is the earliest and existed well-known work on acupuncture and moxibustion, with irreplaceable literature values and huge impacts on the later generations. Feiyang (BL 58) is the -connecting point of the bladder meridian and recorded 11 times in -. This book is the representative for the exploration on the acupoint nomenclature and clinical connotation. Through the investigation on the textual connotation of the specified terms and the alias of Feiyang (BL 58), it was discovered that the nomenclature of this acupoint was based on the main symptoms, the characters of the running course of meridian and acupuncture effects. It was proved that the unique property of this acupoint was as rising, dispersing and flying of meridian . In comparison of -- () of the printed edition of the Dynasty version and - (), it was found that the indications and connotation of Feiyang (BL 58) were more extensively richer than the records in teaching materials. Those study results contribute to the extension of the clinical application of this acupoint.
Acupuncture ; Acupuncture Points ; Humans ; Meridians ; Moxibustion ; Terminology as Topic

As modern society ages rapidly, the number of people with dementia is sharply increasing. Direct medical costs and indirect social costs for dementia patients are also increasing exponentially. However, the lack of social awareness about dementia results in difficulties to dementia patients and their families. So, understanding dementia is the first step to remove or reduce the stigma of dementia patients and promote the health of our community. Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia. The term, ‘Alzheimer's disease’ has been used for over 100 years since first used in 1910. With the remarkable growth of science and medical technologies, the techniques for diagnosis and treatment of dementia have also improved. Although the effects of the current symptomatic therapy are still limited, dramatic improvement is expected in the future through the continued research on disease modifying strategies at the earlier stage of disease. It is important to look at the past to understand the present and obtain an insight into the future. In this article, we review the etymology and history of dementia and previous modes of recognizing dementia. We also review the historical developments leading to the terminology of Alzheimer's disease.
Alzheimer Disease* ; Dementia ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Terminology as Topic

Acupoint name has rich TCM meaning and cultural connotation and its nomenclature originates from ancient Chinese. In order to clearly explore the significance of acupoint name, the exegetics is used in this study. It is found that the study on acupoint name contributed to determining the controversial acupoint locations and revealing the cultural connotation and the basic TCM theory behind the acupoint. Additionally, it helps us to understand the effect mechanisms of acupoints [Tianshu (ST 25) is either for constipation or diarrhea as an example], dig the clinical effects of acupoints, discover and rectify the mistakes in nomenclatures such as pronunciation and glyph. All of these study results benefit the accurate and comprehensive recognition on the acupoints.
Acupuncture Points ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Terminology as Topic

Nomenclature and classification of diseases are not only related to clinical diagnosis and treatment, but also involved in the fields such as management and exchange of medical information, medical expense payments, and medical insurance payment. In order to standardize clinical physicians' diagnostic and treatment activities, medical records, and the first page of medical records, this article elaborates on the basic principles and methods for nomenclature and classification of diseases with reference to international nomenclature of diseases and international classification of diseases. Meanwhile, in view of the problems in clinical practice, this article proposes the classification of neonatal diseases, the basic procedure and writing rules in the diagnosis of neonatal diseases, and death diagnosis principles.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases ; classification ; diagnosis ; International Classification of Diseases ; Terminology as Topic

OBJECTIVETo construct and evaluate the criteria of injury based on the theoretical model that 'Injury' is the combination of 'Hurt' and 'Harm', in order to provide theoretical basis for scientific and rational research on injury in future epidemiological survey.

METHODSThe criteria of epidemiological injury was consected by analyzing documents and consulting experts, then Delphi method was used to evaluate its rationality.

RESULTSThe epidemiological definition for 'Injury'is the combination of 'Hurt' and 'Harm'. 'Hurt' means the wound in clinical medicine, while 'Harm' means the damage from the views of public health. The active coefficients of two rounds Delphi Method were both 100%. The authority coefficients of two rounds were 0.88 and 0.87, respectively. The coordination coefficients were 0.44 and 0.62 (P<0.05), respectively. After two rounds consulting, all scores of rationality for definition of 'Hurt', definition of 'Harm', 'Injury' being the combination of 'hurt' and 'harm', 'Injury' should be graded, Graded based on the 'Injured' time were above 3, and all values of CV for those index were below 0.25 except Graded based on the 'Injured' time.

CONCLUSIONThe rationality of Definition of 'Hurt', Definition of 'Harm', 'Injury' being the combination of 'hurt' and 'harm', 'Injury' should be graded and Graded based on the 'Injured' time is good. There is still a certain degree of divergence about Graded based on the 'Injured' time.