Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an immune-mediated polyneuropathy characterized by inflammation of the nerve roots and peripheral nerves, presenting with a slowly progressive onset and symmetrical sensorimotor involvement. CIDP affects males more than females, with a ratio of 2:1. Its overall prevalence varies from 0.7 to 10.3 per 100,000 people, and the incidence increases with advancing age.
The required criteria for CIDP include:
1) chronically progressive, stepwise, or recurrent symmetric proximal and distal weakness and sensory dysfunction in two or more limbs, developing over two months or longer (cranial nerves may also be affected);
2) absent or reduced tendon reflexes in all extremities. Diagnostic challenges can lead to misdiagnosis or overdiagnosis, emphasizing the need for prompt identification and treatment to prevent mortality and prolonged morbidity. Differential diagnoses for CIDP include Guillain-Barré syndrome, multifocal motor neuropathy, and hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies.
Treatment options for CIDP include corticosteroids (in this case: methylprednisolone, typically administered at 500 mg intravenously from the 9th day of treatment), intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, and plasmapheresis (plasma exchange). These treatments aim to halt the immune attack on the myelin of peripheral nerves, thereby reducing secondary axonal degeneration.
This case study pathophysiology, discusses CIDP’s clinical presentation, evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment. It underscores the vital role of the interprofessional team in providing comprehensive patient care, aiming to enrich healthcare professionals’ understanding. Staying updated on advancements and best practices enables professionals to optimize outcomes and enhance the quality of life for individuals grappling with this complex neurological disorder.