OBJECTIVE To understand the safety of Ilaprazole sodium for injection in clinical practice. METHODS From Jan. 1st 2019 to Feb. 29th 2020， the data of 3 926 valid hospitalized patients receiving Ilaprazole sodium for injection were collected prospectively from 5 third-level hospitals through CHPS， and the post-marketing safety analysis was performed by using retrospective multicenter single cohort study. At the same time， a nested case-control study （the ratio of trial group and control group was 1∶4） was used to confirm the baseline stability of this study cohort and the correlation between adverse reactions and Ilaprazole sodium for injection. RESULTS Among 3 926 patients， 3 patients experienced 5 adverse drug events after using Ilaprazole sodium for injection， with the incidence of 0.076%. There was no serious adverse event， and the occurrence time was 2 days after medication； adverse drug events mainly include elevated liver function indicators （alanine transaminase， aspartate transaminase， total bilirubin）， which were mild and untreated， and all adverse drug events were improved. The results of the nested case-control study showed that the trial group and the control group belonged to the same background baseline， and the occurrence of adverse drug events was more closely related to Ilaprazole sodium for injection. CONCLUSIONS The overall safety of Ilaprazole sodium for injection is relatively high， and the occurrence of adverse events is more related to it.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and the risk factors of Helicobacter pylori( H. pylori) infection in Qinghai Province with a multi-center cross-sectional study. Methods:From May to December in 2021, stratified sampling was conducted in Xining City, Haidong agricultural district, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture by 20 centers, including the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Qinghai Red Cross Hospital and Qinghai Renji Hospital, etc. A questionnaire survey was carried out among the individuals undergoing routine health checkups. The questionnaire included general information, lifestyle and family history, etc. 13C-urea breath test was performed to diagnose H. pylori infection. Chi-square test, trend Chi-square test, segmentation method and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed for statistical analysis. Results:The infection rate of H. pylori in Qinghai area was 53.6% (2 531/4 724). The age distribution of infection was statistically significant ( χ2=15.95, P=0.007), the infection rate in individuals aged 15 to<30 was higher than that of individuals aged 60 to< 75 (57.6%, 626/1 086 vs.49.5%, 231/467), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=8.83, P=0.003). With the increase of age, the infection rate decreased in female over 30 years old ( χ2trend=5.89, P=0.015). There were statistically significant differences in H. pylori infection rate among different ethnic groups ( χ2=28.13, P<0.001); the infection rate of Tibetan population was higher than that of Han population (62.9%, 313/498 vs. 51.5%, 1 804/3 503), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=22.56, P<0.001). The H. pylori infection rate in people living at an altitude >3 500 m was higher than that of people living at an altitude between 1 500 m and 3 500 m (61.8%, 327/529 vs. 52.5%, 2 204/4 195), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=16.25, P<0.001). Compared with those without corresponding habits, the infection rate of H. pylori was higher in smokers (62.1%, 1 081/1 740 vs. 48.6%, 1 450/2 984), in people who had the habit of eating hand grabbed mutton (55.4%, 967/1 744 vs. 52.5%, 1 564/2 980), raw garlic (55.5%, 968/1 744 vs. 52.4%, 1 563/2 980), spicy food (55.6%, 1 471/2 647 vs. 51.0%, 1 060/2 077), sweet food (55.2%, 1 187/2 149 vs. 52.2%, 1 344/2 575), the infection rate of tea drinkers was lower (50.5%, 1 135/2 247 vs. 56.4%, 1 396/2 477), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=80.94, 3.89, 9.63, 4.36, 4.13 and 16.19, all P<0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that Tibetan ( OR=1.379, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.120 to 1.699), the Hui people ( OR=1.362, 95% CI 1.117 to 1.662), living at an altitude over 3 500 m ( OR=1.355, 95% CI 1.107 to 1.657), smoking ( OR=1.847, 95% CI 1.629 to 2.094), and spicy food ( OR=1.224, 95% CI 1.084 to 1.382) were independent risk factors of H. pylori infection (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The infection rate of H. pylori in Qinghai Province is higher than the average level in inland China. The infection rate of people with different ages, nationalities, altitudes of residence, occupations, living and eating habits were different. The infection rate of female over 30 years old is decreasing year by year. The infection risk is high in Hui people and Tibetan, spicy food lovers, smokers and people living at an altitude >3 500 m.

Objective To observe the inhibitory effect of pyridoxine hydrochloride (PN) combined with common chemotherapeutics on mice hepatoma cells H22 in vitro. Methods MTT assay was used to determine the effects of PN in combination with 10 different antineoplastic agents on H22 cells, and immuno-histochemistry was used to observe the distribution of PN in H22 cells and morphologic changes of the cells before and after PN treatment. Results After 24 hours incubation with 5 mmol/L PN, the treated cells expanded apparently with nucleus chipping. PN entered the tumor cell and was mainly condensed in cytoplasma and H22 cells were sensitive to PN. When administered concomitantly with chemotherapic agents, most of the combinations showed antagonistic effects while a few of the combinations were additive. For instance, doxorubicin (ADM) used in combination with PN inhibited cell proliferation with an IR value (IR=0.63) much lower than ADM alone (IR=0.71, P<0.01), and the CI value was less than 0.9, which indicated an antagonistic effect. However, PN in combination with ifosfamide (ICTX) showed additive effect (CI>0.9), and the IR value (IR=0.60) in combined group was higher than that (IR=0.40) in ICTX group (P<0.05). Conclusion PN treatment could increase the intracellular PLP level and result in growth inhibition and cell death, and combined administration of PN and ICTX might be a potential method to improve efficacy and to reduce toxic effects while a co-administration of PN and ADM should be avoided.

Objective To study the clinical efficacy of cell block yielded by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration in the early diagnosis of thyroid cancer and differential diagnosis of thyroid follicular tumor.Methods Cytological smears were performed in 864 thyroid nodules by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration.Then the residual specimens were made as cell blocks.Diagnosis was made by observation of the organization structure of the cell block.Cell block sections from 78 nodules with diagnosis of follicular tumors were applied to the detection of immunocytochemical staining for minichromosome maintenance protein (MCM2), growth arrest and DNA damage-induced nuclear protein 153 (GADD153), and Ki-67.Results Satisfaction rate of cytological smear combined with cell block specimen was 94.3 ％ (815/864) and accuracy rate of the diagnosis was 94.0％ (766/815), which were higher than in cytological smear group (P＜0.01).The false negative rate of cytological smear combined with cell block specimen was 16.6％ (41/247)in diagnosis of thyroid cancer.Positive rate of M CM2 and GADD153 in thyroid follicular neoplasia were lower than that of follicular carcinoma (P ＜ 0.01).There was no significant difference between thyroid follicular neoplasia and follicular carcinoma in regard to positive rate of Ki-67 (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The combination of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration-yielded cell block and molecular markers has great significance in early diagnosis of thyroid cancer and differentially diagnosis of thyroid follicular tumor.

Objective To investigate the influence of the cardiac function on the prognosis in the patients with acute myocardial infarction(AM I) complicating multivessel disease (M VD ) treated by revascularization .Methods 152 cases of AM I complicating MVD treated by routine percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were divided into the normal group(94 cases ,LVEF≥50% ) and the lower group(58 cases ,LVEF<50% ) according to the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ,and the influence of the cardiac function on the prognosis was analyzed .Results The myocardial infarction history ,history of atrial fibrillation ,NYHA classifica-tion ,hs-CRP ,LADp ,ISR ,left ventricular structure and function had statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0 .05) .The multivariate Logistic regrossion analysis showed that NYHA classification ,LVEF ,LVMI and LVEDd were the inde-pendent risk factors affecting the prognosis after PCI .Conclusion The reduced cardiac function is a risk factor affecting the prog-nosis of AMI complicating MVD treated by PCI ,the improvement of the cardiac function will be beneficial to the prognosis of the patients .

On the background of internationalization for higher education,we have reformed the educational model for bachelor students majoring in public health laboratory science and quarantine.The exploration and pilot study are focused on educational principles,curriculum planning,teaching patterns,experiments and practice,and teachem training.The four teaching strategies have been firstly recommended as follows:laying the strongest foundation of chemistry,expanding quarantine-related curricula for increasing quarantine capability,making full use of strength of clinical laboratory medicine,emphasizing English application.The curricula structure is refined and more social supporting resources have been got to make globalization to cultivate more health inspection and quarantine talents with multidisciplinary knowledge,abilities and strong adaptability.

Objective To identify the prevalence and etiology of kidney disease and the related risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients in rural Shanghai.Methods A cross-sectional study in type 2 diabetic patients was conducted in a community of Shanghai.Questionnaire,clinical examination and laboratory tests were completed to collect the information about sociodemographic and healthcare characteristics.Results A total of 1421 eligible patients with complete information were screened from 1487 type 2 diabetic patients between November 2008 and March 2009.Of them,40.75％ were men,59.25％ were women,aged 37-86 (61.33 ± 9.65 ) years old,with diabetic duration of 0.25-43.92 (7.85 ± 6.34) years.Among them,43.42％ had diabetic retinopathy,21.18％ had neuropathy; 69.95％ met the screening definition for hypertension,76.07％ for hyperlipidemia,15.55％ for hyperuricemia and 23.65％ for cardiovascular disease.The control rates of fasting blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,blood pressure and serum cholesterol were 57.71％,33.99％,14.22％ and 2.46％,respectively.The prevalence of kidney disease,diabetic nephropathy and non-diabetic renal disease was 41.31％,18.51％ and 13.44％,respectively; and 9.36％ were diagnosed as renal insufficiency of unknown reasons.Age,diabetic duration,hyperuricemia,diabetic retinopathy and poor control of blood pressure were independently associated with kidney disease;age and poor control of blood pressure were independently associated with diabetic nephropathy; age and hyperuricemia were independent risk factors of renal insufficiency in patients with diabetic nephropathy.Conclusions Although the diabetic duration of these subjects is relatively short,the prevalence of complications including diabetic nephropathy is high.The high prevalence of non-diabetic renal disease shows the importance of further screening and diagnoses for prevention.Strict control of blood glucose,blood pressure,serum cholesterol and serum uric acid are key points of cutting down the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy and chronic kidney disease.

This study examined the anti-viral effect of ursolic acid on guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV) and explored the steps of viral replication targeted by ursolic acid. Cytopathic effect assay and MTT method were employed to determine the 50% cellular cytotoxicity (CC(50)), 50% effective concentration (EC(50)) and therapeutic index (TI) with GPCMV. To investigate the specific anti-viral effect of ursolic acid at different temperatures and time points, two other medicines, ganciclovir and Jinyebaidu (JYBD), serving as controls, were studied for comparison. Our results showed that the CC50 of ganciclovir, JYBD and ursolic acid were 333.8, 3015.6, 86.7 μg/mL, respectively; EC(50) of ganciclovir, JYBD and ursolic acid was 48.1, 325.5 and 6.8 μg/mL, respectively; TI of ganciclovir, JYBD and ursolic acid was 7, 9, 13, respectively. Similar with ganciclovir, ursolic acid could inhibit the viral synthesis, but did not affect the viral adsorption onto and penetration into cells. We are led to conclude that the anti-cytomegalovirus effect of ursolic acid is significantly stronger than ganciclovir or JYBD, and the cytotoxic effect of ursolic acid lies in its ability to inhibit viral synthesis.
Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Guinea Pigs ; Roseolovirus ; drug effects ; Triterpenes ; pharmacology

This study examined the anti-viral effect of ursolic acid on guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV) and explored the steps of viral replication targeted by ursolic acid. Cytopathic effect assay and MTT method were employed to determine the 50% cellular cytotoxicity (CC(50)), 50% effective concentration (EC(50)) and therapeutic index (TI) with GPCMV. To investigate the specific anti-viral effect of ursolic acid at different temperatures and time points, two other medicines, ganciclovir and Jinyebaidu (JYBD), serving as controls, were studied for comparison. Our results showed that the CC50 of ganciclovir, JYBD and ursolic acid were 333.8, 3015.6, 86.7 μg/mL, respectively; EC(50) of ganciclovir, JYBD and ursolic acid was 48.1, 325.5 and 6.8 μg/mL, respectively; TI of ganciclovir, JYBD and ursolic acid was 7, 9, 13, respectively. Similar with ganciclovir, ursolic acid could inhibit the viral synthesis, but did not affect the viral adsorption onto and penetration into cells. We are led to conclude that the anti-cytomegalovirus effect of ursolic acid is significantly stronger than ganciclovir or JYBD, and the cytotoxic effect of ursolic acid lies in its ability to inhibit viral synthesis.

ObjectiveTo clarify the clinicopathological features of renal amyloidosis in order to achieve early diagnosis and treatment.MethodsClinicopathological data of 26 biopsyproven renal amyloidosis cases in Department of Nephrology,Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University between2006and2010wereanalyzedretrospectively.Immunohistochemistryand immunofluorescence of amyloid A protein,immunoglobulin light chains such as K、λ were performed on renal specimens for further classification.ResultsAge of 26 patients ranged from 40 to 77 years old,average(58.54±10.07) years.Twenty-two out of 26 patients(84.62％) were treated in local hospital before admitted to our department,and 21 patients(95.45％) were misdiagnosed as chronic primary glomerulonephritis.The prominent clinical manifestations of renal amyloidosis were nephrotic syndrome(17 cases,65.38％),decreased blood pressure(16 cases,61.53％),organ enlargement (8 cases,30.77％) and bodyweight loss (6 cases,23.08％).Fourteen out of 25 patients (56.00％) were found to have monoclonal light chains in serum by immunofixation electrophoresis.Three patients with mild pathological changes who had no confirmable Congo red stain were conffimed by electron microscopy. Twenty-three(88.46％) patients werediagnosed as AL amyloidosis,one(3.85％) as AA amyloidosis,one was strongly suspected of hereditary amyloidosis,and one was undetermined.ConclusionsRenal amyloidosis is frequently misdiagnosed.Middleaged and old nephrotic patients with decreased blood presure,organ enlargement and bodyweight loss may be the most helpful clues of the disease.Most patients have monoclonal light chains in serum or urine.Renal biopsy,especially electronic microscopy plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis of renal amyloidosis.Immunohistochemistry is important for patients with renal amyloidosis in pathological classification and treatment.