The construction of experimental animal models plays an important supporting role in research into the mechanisms of action of Chinese medicines.There have been increasing reports of the construction and evaluation of animal models of spleen deficiency;however,the construction method have involved different standards and there has been insufficient objectification of the evaluation indexes.In this review,we summarize the construction and evaluation method of animal models of spleen deficiency from the aspects of animal selection,model establishment,macroscopic characterization,behavioral experiments,and objective indexes of spleen deficiency,with a view to providing theoretical guidance for the construction of experimental animal models of spleen deficiency and references for the selection of animal model platforms for spleen deficiency.

Objective To investigate the effect of manual therapy based on surface electromyography on knee osteoarthritis(KOA)in the older people. Methods A total of 106 outpatient with unilateral KOA were selected from Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,from August,2023 to June,2024,and were randomly divided into control group(n=53)and experimental group(n=53).The control group accepted routine manual therapy,and the experimental group accepted manual therapy based on the analysis of average electromyography(AEMG).They were assessed with Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index(WOMAC),Visual An-alogue Scale(VAS)for pain,Tinetti Balance and Gait Score,and 6-minute walk test(6-MWT)distances before and after treatment. Results One case dropped down in each group.Before treatment,AEMG decreased in the rectus femoris,medial femoris and medial head of gastrocnemius on the affected side in the experimental group(|Z|>8.647,P<0.001),and it increased in the lateral femoris,semitendinosus and biceps femoris(|Z|>4.808,P<0.001).The scores of WOMAC,VAS,Tinetti Balance and Gait Score,and distances of 6-MWT improved in both groups after treat-ment(|t|>3.987,P<0.001),and improved more in the experimental group than in the control group,except the VAS score(|t|>2.213,P<0.05). Conclusion Manual therapy focusing on activation of rectus femoris,medial femoris and medial head of gastrocnemius,inhibition of the lateral femoris,semitendinosus and biceps femoris,and releasing the tension of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments,according to the results of surface electromyography,can alleviate the pain of the KOA in the older people and improve the mobility of the knee.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility and accuracy of ultrasound volume navigation (UVN) combined with X-ray fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous pedicle screw implantation through a prospective randomized controlled study. METHODS: Patients with thoracic and lumbar vertebral fractures scheduled for percutaneous pedicle screw fixation between January 2022 and January 2023 were enrolled. Among them, 60 patients met the selection criteria and were included in the study. There were 28 males and 32 females, with an average age of 49.5 years (range, 29-60 years). The cause of injury included 20 cases of traffic accidents, 21 cases of falls, 17 cases of slips, and 2 cases of heavy object impact. The interval from injury to hospital admission ranged from 1 to 5 days (mean, 1.57 days). The fracture located at T ₁₂ in 15 cases, L ₁ in 20 cases, L ₂ in 19 cases, and L ₃ in 6 cases. The study used each patient as their own control, randomly guiding pedicle screw implantation using UVN combined with X-ray fluoroscopy on one side of the vertebral body and the adjacent segment (trial group), while the other side was implanted under X-ray fluoroscopy (control group). A total of 4 screws and 2 rods were implanted in each patient. The implantation time and fluoroscopy frequency during implantation of each screw, angle deviation and distance deviation between actual and preoperative planned trajectory by imaging examination, and the occurrence of zygapophysial joint invasion were recorded. RESULTS: In terms of screw implantation time, fluoroscopy frequency, angle deviation, distance deviation, and incidence of zygapophysial joint invasion, the trial group showed superior results compared to the control group, and the differences were significant ( P<0.05). CONCLUSION UVN combined with X-ray fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous pedicle screw implantation can yreduce screw implantation time, adjust dynamically, reduce operational difficulty, and reduce radiation damage.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pedicle Screws ; Prospective Studies ; X-Rays ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Spinal Fusion/methods* ; Fluoroscopy/methods* ; Lumbar Vertebrae/injuries*

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of O-arm navigation and ultrasound volume navigation (UVN) in guiding screw placement during minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) surgery. METHODS: Sixty patients who underwent MIS-TLIF surgery for lumbar disc herniation between June 2022 and June 2023 and met the selection criteria were included in the study. They were randomly assigned to group A (screw placement guided by UVN during MIS-TLIF) or group B (screw placement guided by O-arm navigation during MIS-TLIF), with 30 cases in each group. There was no significant difference in baseline data, including gender, age, body mass index, and surgical segment, between the two groups ( P>0.05). Intraoperative data, including average single screw placement time, total radiation dose, and average single screw effective radiation dose, were recorded and calculated. Postoperatively, X-ray film and CT scans were performed at 10 days to evaluate screw placement accuracy and assess facet joint violation. Pearson correlation and Spearman correlation analyses were used to observe the relationship between the studied parameters (average single screw placement time and screw placement accuracy grading) and BMI. RESULTS: The average single screw placement time in group B was significantly shorter than that in group A, and the total radiation dose of single segment and multi-segment and the average single screw effective radiation dose in group B were significantly higher than those in group A ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the total radiation dose between single segment and multiple segments in group B ( P>0.05), while the total radiation dose of multiple segments was significantly higher than that of single segment in group A ( P<0.05). No significant difference was found in the accuracy of screw implantation between the two groups ( P>0.05). In both groups, the grade 1 and grade 2 screws broke through the outer wall of the pedicle, and no screw broke through the inner wall of the pedicle. There was no significant difference in the rate of facet joint violation between the two groups ( P>0.05). In group A, both the average single screw placement time and screw placement accuracy grading were positively correlated with BMI ( r=0.677, P<0.001; r=0.222, P=0.012), while in group B, neither of them was correlated with BMI ( r=0.224, P=0.233; r=0.034, P=0.697). CONCLUSION UVN-guided screw placement in MIS-TLIF surgery demonstrates comparable efficiency, visualization, and accuracy to O-arm navigation, while significantly reducing radiation exposure. However, it may be influenced by factors such as obesity, which poses certain limitations.
Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery* ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Pedicle Screws ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fusion ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To explore the application effect of high-functioning group therapy model in female patients with depression.Methods A total of 80 female patients with depression who were hospitalized in the Department of Psychiatry,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from April 2021 to April 2022 were selected as the research sub-jects.According to the treatment methods,the patients were divided into the observation group and the control group,with 40 patients in each group.The patients in the two groups were treated with routine anti-depressant drugs based on their condition;the patients in the control group received routine nursing interventions based on their condition;the patients in the observation group received high-function group therapy intervention on the basis of the control group;the patients in the two groups were in-tervened for 1 month.Before and one month after the intervention,the levels of depression and anxiety of patients in the two groups were evaluated by the Hamilton depression scale(HAMD)and the Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA);the quality of life of patients in the two groups was evaluated by the World Health Organization's quality of life scale(WHOQOL-BREF),while the interpersonal relationships of patients in the two groups were evaluated by the interpersonal relationships comprehensive diagnostic scale.Results Before intervention,there was no statistically significant difference in the scores of HAMA,HAMD,WHOQOL-BREF and interpersonal relationship comprehensive diagnostic scale of patients between the two groups(P＞0.05).The HAMA and HAMD scores of patients in the two groups after one month of intervention were significantly lower than those before intervention(P＜0.05);after one month of intervention,the HAMA and HAMD scores of patients in the observa-tion group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The WHOQOL-BREF scores in the social,psychological,physiological and environmental domains of patients after one month of intervention were significantly higher than those before intervention in the two groups(P＜0.05);after one month of intervention,the WHOQOL-BREF scores in the social,psychological,physiological and environmental domains of patients in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The scores of interpersonal interaction,conversation,social interaction and hetero-sexual interaction and total scores of interpersonal relationship comprehensive diagnosis scale of patients one month of interven-tion were significantly lower than those before intervention in the two groups after(P＜0.05);after one month of intervention,the scores of interpersonal interaction,conversation,social interaction and heterosexual interaction and total scores of interper-sonal relationship comprehensive diagnosis scale of patients in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared to conventional nursing interventions,the high-functioning group therapy model can significantly reduce the depression and anxiety of female depression patients,improve interpersonal communication skills and their quality of life.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) ventilation and heated humidified high flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC) ventilation as initial respiratory support for premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).Methods:From January 2019 to June 2021, premature infants [gestational age (GA) 28~35 weeks)] with grade Ⅰ to Ⅲ RDS admitted to Suining County People's Hospital were prospectively enrolled. The infants were randomly assigned into BiPAP group and HHHFNC group. The clinical characteristics, ventilation efficacy and complications were analyzed.Results:A total of 33 infants were in BiPAP group and 32 in HHHFNC group. No significant differences existed between the two groups in the following items: the frequency of apnea within 24 h of ventilation, FiO 2 and PaCO 2 at 24 h, the use of pulmonary surfactant (PS), the incidence of non-invasive ventilation failure within 72 h, non-invasive ventilation duration and the age achieving total enteral nutrition. HHHFNC group had lower score in premature infants pain profile (PIPP) than BiPAP group at 24 h of non-invasive ventilation [4 (3, 6) vs. 8 (6, 11), P<0.001]. No significant differences existed in nasal injury, pneumothorax, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and mortality rate between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:As the initial treatment for premature infants with grade Ⅰ to Ⅲ RDS, BiPAP and HHHFNC has similar rates of non-invasive ventilation failure within 72 h,non-invasive ventilation duration and adverse events. HHHFNC may ease the pain of the infants.

【Objective】 To explore and evaluate infection control measures of preventing cross-contamination of novel coronavirus during gastrointestinal endoscopy treatment. 【Methods】 According to the hospital’s infection control requirements and related documents, infection control measures were formulated and implemented by combining with our actual clinical situation, including the management of the endoscope room, management and protection of patients and endoscopists. Then, we evaluated the effect of these measures. 【Results】 From January 25 to March 10, 2020, a total of 71 patients (53 males and 18 females) completed gastrointestinal endoscopy treatment, with an average age of 54 years (28-81 years). There were 36 (50.7%) cases of emergency treatment. All patients had been kept in quarantine for about 14 days (24±13), and no cross-contamination of novel coronavirus occurred. 【Conclusion】 During the novel coronavirus infection epidemic period, reasonable and effective measures should be taken to minimize the risk of infection in doctors and patients. The endoscope center should strengthen preoperative screening and management of patients, master indications of endoscopic procedures, complete endoscopists’ management and protection work, strictly follow the specifications of sterilizing gastrointestinal endoscopes, and construct the layout of "three zones and two passages".

Objective: To study the correlation between meteorological factors and the incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang) so as to provide scientific evidence for the early warning, prediction, prevention and control of HFMD. Methods: Data on HFMD surveillance and related population was collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention from 2011 to 2018. Meteorological data was obtained from http://www.tianqihoubao.com. Correlation analysis on meteorological factors and the incidence of HFMD in Xinjiang was conducted, using the Excel 2007, SPSS 17.0, and Spatial Distribution Map by ArcGIS 10.2 software. Results: HFMD usually occurred between April and July. Numbers of patients reached the top in May and June. Temperature was positively correlated with the incidence of HFMD (r=0.370, P<0.01) while precipitation was positively correlated with the incidence of HFMD (r=0.747, P<0.01). The temperature threshold appeared as 5 ℃-35 ℃ for the incidence of HFMD. Interval period was one month between the peak of both the incidence of HFMD and the precipitation. A power function relationship (y=0.009 4x^{2.332 9}, R²=0.898 9) was noticed between the precipitation and the incidence of HFMD. Conclusions The incidence of HFMD was closely related to the meteorological factors including temperature and precipitation in Xinjiang during 2011-2018. Our findings have provided evidence for the development of early warning system on HFMD in Xinjiang.

Objective To explore the value of the minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC-min) value in the diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive cancer of breast.Methods One hundred and forty nine cases of breast cancer verified by histopathology were included in this retrospective study.All the patients underwent dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) before the biopsy.The ADC min value and its correlation with invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC),DCIS and IDC-DCIS were analyzed.Results The mean ADC-min values for IDC,IDC-DCIS and DCIS were (0.95±0.16)×10-3 mm2/s,(1.07±0.13)×10-3 mm2/s and (1.24±0.18)×10-3 mm2/s,respectively.The ADC-min value of the three groups showed an increasing trend and there were significant differences (F=32.08,P＜0.01).The optimal cutoff ADC-min value was 1.02 × 10-3 mm2/s to differentiate DCIS from invasive cancer with a sensitivity of 95.0％ and a specificity of 63.6％.Conclusion The ADC min values are significantly different among IDC,IDC-DCIS and DCIS.It may be used as a reliable tool to differentiate DCIS and invasive cancer of breast.

Objective To explore the effect of leptin on neurorehabilitation and on the expression of dopamine receptor D2 (Drd2) and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) in the cerebral cortex after convulsive brain injury.Methods Five-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a control group (CONT),a leptin injection control group (Leptin),a seizure group (RS),or a seizure with leptin injection group (RS+Leptin).The rats in the RS group and the RS+Leptin group were injected intraperitoneally with lithium chloride (5 mEq/kg) and pilocarpine (320 mg/kg) on day 6,and then scopolamine methyl chloride (1 mg/kg) 30 minutes later to block the peripheral effect of pilocarpine.The animals in the Leptin and RS+Leptin groups were then given leptin (4 mg/kg,i.p.) injections daily from days 8 to 14.The animals' plane righting reflex and negative geotaxis reaction reflex were observed on day 23.The open field test was performed on D30.Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCRs) were used to detect the expression of Drd2 and cPLA2 mRNA in the rats' cerebral cortexes on day 34.Results There were significant differences in the plane righting times and negative geotaxis reflexes among the four groups,with those in the RS and RS+Leptin groups significantly longer than among the controls.Both reflexes were significantly quicker in the RS + Leptin group than in the RS group.There were also significant differences in the locomotor scores in the open field test among the four groups,with the average scores in the RS and RS+Leptin groups significantly higher than in the other two groups.The RS+Leptin group's average was significantly higher than that of the RS group.The expression of Drd2 was significantly higher in the leptin,RS and leptin +RS groups than in the control group,and that of the RS and leptin+RS groups was significantly higher than that of the Leptin control group.The expression of cPLA2 in the Leptin and RS groups was significantly higher than in the CONT group,while that of the RS + Leptin group was significantly lower than in the Leptin and RS groups.Conclusions Leptin has a neurorehabilitation effect on the behavioral impairment caused by seizures,at least in neonatal rats.Its neuroprotective mechanism may be related to the regulation of Drd2-mediated cPLA2 expression in the cerebral cortex.