Chinese Journalof Stomatology has issued eighty papers on Chinese stomatology history in seventy years. According to three stages of the journal,statistics of the quantity and themes of the issued papers are compiled: the number of issued papers increased while the theme shifted from Chinese stomatology history before 1912 to Chinese contemporary stomatology history. Research methods shifted from the comparatively scanty summary or induction on literature and cultural relics materials to multidisciplinary approaches. Early researches testified the achievments of senior scholars such as Zhou Dacheng and Mao Xiejun in the field while research teams represented by colleges and research institutions have published varied research topics in recent years. As the research deepens, platforms for issuing stomatology papers have been expanded and more subjects have been cross-disciplined. Varieties of academic monographs on stomatology history and stomatology education history have been published, among which Zhou Dacheng's Historic textual research of Chinese stomatology can be regarded as a milestone in the field. Comparing with other fields of stomatology, current research on stomatology history still has much more gaps to fill. The academic community should put more emphasis on talent training, discipline construction, research approaches, museum construction, as well as the cooperation between Chinese and western medical sciences so that to assist in the long-term development of the research.

Objective To observe prenatal ultrasonic manifestations of fetal rhomboencephalosynapsis(RES).Methods Data of 15 singletons with RES were retrospectively analyzed,and the prenatal intracranial and extracranial ultrasonic manifestations were observed.Results All 15 fetuses were found with transverse cerebellar diameter lower than the 3rd percentile of normal value in the same gestational week and bilateral cerebellar hemisphere fusion(15/15,100％).Cerebellar vermis completely loss was observed in 14 fetuses(14/15,93.33％),while partially loss was noticed in 1 fetus(1/15,6.67％).Invisible of the fourth cerebral ventricle was detected in 4 fetuses(4/15,26.67％),while the fourth cerebral ventricular index(4Vi)＜1 was found in 11 fetuses(11/15,73.33％).No"split line"sign between vermis and cerebellar hemisphere was detected.A total of 14(14/15,93.33％)were found with combining intracranial or extracranial malformations,including 13(13/14,92.86％)with other intracranial malformations,10(10/14,71.43％)with extracranial malformations,whereas 1(1/15,6.67％)fetus had no other malformation.Conclusion Prenatal ultrasonic manifestations of fetal RES mainly included small cerebellum transverse diameter,complete or partial loss of vermis,invisible or dysplasia of the fourth cerebral ventricle,fusion of bilateral cerebellar hemispheres,as well as combining with other intracranial and extracranial malformations.

Homeostatic medicine is the science of studying the balance of molecules, cells, tissues, organs as well as the whole of the organism, and it is a comprehensive discipline based on the maintenance of balance for the promotion of health, prevention and treatment of diseases. The introduction of homeostatic medicine is of great significance for the development of dentistry. Through the study of oral homeostasis, it helps to elucidate the intrinsic mechanism of disease occurrence fundamentally based on a unique perspective, which is expected to provide effective solutions for clinical diseases and impetus for continuous progress in the development of medicine, and to point out the direction for the developments of science and technology in the future.

Understanding the pattern and molecular mechanisms of tooth, maxilla and mandible development is the prerequisite for studying their regeneration. Tooth development can be divided into three stages: bud-bell stage, tooth crown development stage and tooth root development stage. During these processes, key genes show spatial and temporal expression pattern. Tooth development is a complex process involving interactions between dental epithelium and mesenchyme, precise regulations of enamel knots in cusp patterning, as well as successful eruption into the oral cavity under proper biomechanical stress and signaling transductions. The development of tooth, maxilla and mandible, all of which originate from the first branchial arch, is independent and regulates each other to form a whole during development. Any developmental defects of them will ultimately cause defects to the others. In this paper, we briefly reviewed the development of tooth, maxilla and mandible, proposed that the homeostasis of microenvironment is critical for their development. Moreover, we reviewed the role of Meckel’s cartilage, a special structure and signaling mechanism during mandible development. At last, we proposed an integrated development model of tooth, maxilla and mandible. We also hope that the regeneration of fully functional tooth, maxilla and mandible in human can be achieved based on fundamental knowledge we have gained so far.

Chinese medicine entered a significant period from foundation to maturity between Han and Tang dynasties when the Chinese traditional stomatology was a key stage. Sorting and analysis of existing literature and research outcomes have showed that current research on stomatology between Han and Tang dynasties focuses on oral physiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment, and health care. It also involves stomatology history and explanation of termino-logies related to mouth and teeth recorded in medical books, use of simple methods, and thinking with citation and analysis of literature simply listed and reasoning preliminarily deducted. From the macro perspective, current research has not unveiled the whole picture of stomatology between the two dynasties and left a series of key issues unresolved. Thus, new methods should be developed and employed to carry out medical research on stomatology between Han and Tang dynasties given that is has a prosperous future.
Mouth ; Oral Medicine ; Cognition ; China ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Peri-implantitis, characterized by inflammation of tissues around implants and gradual loss of supporting bone tissue, has become one of the main causes for implant failure. Thoroughly removing the plaque biofilm on the implant surface is the first principle in the treatment of peri-implantitis. For this reason, various decontamination methods have been proposed, which can be divided into 2 categories: Removing biofilm and killing microorganisms according to the effect of plaque biofilm on the implant surface. However, at present, there is no decontamination method that can completely remove the plaque biofilm on the implant surface, and it lacks of clinical recommended guidelines. To understand the advantages and disadvantages, effectiveness and safety for different implant surface decontamination methods is of great significance to guide the clinical selection for peri-implantitis treatment.
Bone and Bones ; Decontamination ; Dental Implants ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Peri-Implantitis/therapy* ; Prostheses and Implants

Objective:To investigate the correlations between level of serum heparin binding protein (HBP), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-18 (IL-18) and the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP).Methods:A total of 86 patients with AP admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China from December 2017 to May 2019 were included and divided into mild AP group (MAP) with 36 cases, moderate AP group (MSAP) with 26 cases, and severe AP group (SAP) with 24 cases. There were 25 healthy subjects were chosen as the control group. Serum HBP, PCT, and IL-18 levels were dynamically monitored in all patients at 1, 3 and 7 days after admission. The Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to detect the correlation between the three indicators and inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and APACHEII and Ranson score, and analyzed the early diagnostic value of HBP, PCT, and IL-18 in SAP patients.Results:In 86 AP patients, 53 were males and 33 were females, aged (48.3±8.0) years. In 25 healthy subjects, 15 were males and 10 were females, aged (40.5±5.9) years. Serum levels of HBP, PCT and IL-18 in AP patients were significantly higher than those of healthy control group at 1, 3 and 7 days after admission ( P<0.05), and the most significant increase was observed on the 1st day. At the meanwhile, HBP, PCT, and IL-18 were positively correlated with level of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, APACHEII and Ranson scores ( P<0.05). The AUC area of SAP diagnosis by using HBP, PCT or IL-18 alone was respectively 0.825, 0.896, 0.799, the Yoden index was respectively 0.605, 0.628, 0.583, the sensitivity and specificity were 75.3%, 76.2%, 74.8% and 85.2%, 86.6%, 83.5%. The AUC area, Yoden index, sensitivity and specificity of joint detection were 0.923, 0.787, 85.5%, 93.2%, and the positive predictive value and negative predictive value were also increased. Conclusion:Monitoring of serum HBP, PCT and IL-18 can predict the severity of AP patients, and it may serve as an early diagnostic marker for AP.

Osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORNJ) and bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) are usually caused by head and neck radio-therapy and by the usage of bisphosphonate, respectively. These diseases can lead to facial deformity and dysfunction of the mandible, and may cause severe chronic facial pain. The pathogenesis of ORNJ and BRONJ are complex, and the therapy of which is still challenged. The present article reviewed the latest literature about the pathogenesis and treatment of ORNJ and BRONJ for update. The irradiation may damage the endothelia cells and microvessels in jaw bone, which leads to the termination of the bone remodeling 15 days after irradiation. Mesenchymal stem cells based bio-therapy can assist the recovery of mandibular circulation and the reconstruction of the bone, showing therapeutic potential for ORNJ clinical treatment. Bisphosphonate can induce the dysfunction of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and the immune imbalance of the body. Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells transplantation can rebuild the jaw bone and rebalance the immune of the recipient, demonstrating the ideally potential for the treatment of BRONJ. Taking together, although it would be complicated and winding, the improvement of biotech and the usage of mesenchymal stem cells shed a light on the way of ORNJ and BRONJ treatments.

Objective To study the role of Th17 cells proportions and the cytokines levels in the diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis (AP).Methods Patients with AP (n =82) treated in our hospital between August 2017 and August 2018 were divided into the mild AP group (MAP,n =36),the moderately severe AP group (MSAP,n =26) and the severe AP group (SAP,n =20).Twenty-five healthy subjects were chosen as the control group.The proportions of Th17 cells and the levels of cytokines including IL-17,IL-21,IL-22 and IL-23 in peripheral blood from the four groups were analyzed.The APACHE Ⅱ and Ranson scores were used to evaluate the illness severity.Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to detect the correlation between the Th17 cells,cytokines,and inflammatory factor,APACHE Ⅱ and Ranson scores.Results Compared with the control group,the proportion of Th17 cells and the levels of IL-17,IL-21,IL-22 and IL-23 in the peripheral blood of MAP,MSAP and SAP groups were significantly increased (SAP ＞ MSAP ＞ MAP,P ＜ 0.05).The levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-α,and the scores of APACHE Ⅱ and Ranson in the SAP group were significantly higher than those in the MSAP group and MAP group (P ＜ 0.05).The proportion of Th17 cells and their cytokine levels were positively correlated with IL-6,IL-8,TNF-o,APACHE Ⅱ and Ranson scores.The levels of Th17 cytokines returned to normal in AP patients after treatment.Conclusion Th17 cells and the cytokines have certain clinical significance in evaluating early inflammatory response,severity of illness,and therapeutic effect in AP patients.

Objective: To investigate the effect of fractionated radiotherapy on the immune system of mice with subcutaneously transplanted hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: Logarithmic growth of mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cells Hepa 1-6 were inoculated subcutaneously on the right side of C57BL/6 J mice (1×10⁷ cells /mice). The tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into control group (Ctrl) and irradiation group (IR), 20 mice in each group. Additionally, 10 healthy mice were set as normal control group. Local fractionated X-ray irradiation of 8 Gy×3 fraction was given to the subcutaneous tumors, and the dose rate was 0.883 Gy/min. At 7 and 14 d after irradiation, the tumor organ index, spleen organ index, spleen pathological changes, and splenic T lymphocyte subsets, B lymphocyte subsets, and NK cells were detected. Results: Compared with Ctrl, at 7 and 14 d after irradiation, the tumor organ index decreased (t=4.649, 26.34, P<0.05), and the percentage of NK cells increased significantly (t=3.952, 3.633, P<0.05). The percentages of CD3+ , CD4+ , CD3+ CD4+ lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4+ /CD8+ lymphocyte decreased at 7 d after irradiation (t=3.193, 3.656, 3.219, 2.641, P<0.05), and the percentage of CD3+ lymphocyte decreased at 14 d after irradiation (t=3.031, P<0.05). But after irradiation, there were no significant changes in spleen organ index, B lymphocyte, CD3+ CD4+ lymphocyte and CD8+ lymphocyte. Conclusions Local hepatoma radiotherapy causes imbalance of lymphocytes in distal spleen of mice and hence reduces immunity, which provides a novel mechanism of radiological immunity damage.