BACKGROUND:The healing of mandibular fractures after rigid internal fixation is influenced by many factors,including the material of the bone plate,fracture site,and bone density of the patient.However,there are relatively few studies on the relationship between the stability of mandibular fracture fixation in different bone qualities and they lack a scientific basis. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the stability of fixation of mandibular fractures with different bone qualities with bioabsorbable plates and miniature titanium plates by finite element analysis. METHODS:Three-dimensional finite element models of class Ⅰ-Ⅳ mandibular fractures were developed according to the bone quality classification method proposed by ZARB and LEKHOLM.The fractures at the median mandibular symphysis,mandibular body,and mandibular angle were simulated under different bone qualities.Bioabsorbable bone grafting plates(or miniature titanium plates)were placed at each fracture site for fixation and to simulate the state of healthy side occlusion.Finite element analysis on the model was used to analyze the relative displacement of the fracture segments and the stress distribution of fixators. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The maximum stress value during fixation with titanium plates increased gradually with the increase of bone class,in which the maximum stress value of titanium plates was the highest in the mandibular body class Ⅳ bone group,which was 382.74 MPa and 96.11 MPa in the miniature titanium plate and bioabsorbable plate groups.The results for mandibles of the same bone type showed that the maximum stress value of titanium plates was much higher than that of bioabsorbable plates.(2)For fractures of the median middle of the mandible in types Ⅲ and Ⅳ,the displacement of the fracture breaks at the fixation site was large and exceeded the limiting value of bone healing(>150 μm),regardless of whether the fixation was performed with a miniature titanium plate or a bioabsorbable plate.For type Ⅳ mandibular fractures,the fracture end displacement in the bioabsorbable plate group exceeded the healing limit value,and the fracture end displacement in the miniature titanium plate group was close to the healing limit value.Under the same bone quality and fracture site,the fracture displacement of the miniature titanium plate group was smaller than that of the bioabsorbable plate group.(3)The results showed that the strength and stiffness of the two internal fixations were sufficient to support bone healing of fractures at three sites of the types Ⅰ-Ⅳ mandible,and the fixation stability of the bioabsorbable plate was almost the same as that of the miniature titanium plate,which could provide early healing conditions for fractures.Mandibular bone type should be taken into consideration in the treatment of mandibular fracture.The higher the mandibular bone grade,the worse the stability of fracture fixation,and the more likely the complications such as poor bone healing will occur after surgery.

BACKGROUND:Socket-shield technique can effectively maintain labial soft and hard tissues,but the incidence of postoperative complications such as exposure and displacement of root shield is relatively high.It is speculated that the root shield may be exposed and displaced due to excessive load after long-term function of dental implants. OBJECTIVE:Through three-dimensional finite element analysis,we aim to study the influence of varying root shield thicknesses on the stress distribution,equivalent stress peaks,and displacement in the root shield,periodontal ligaments,implant,and surrounding alveolar bone under normal occlusal loading.We also attempt to analyze the correlation between the thickness of the root shield and occurrence of mechanical events such as root shield exposure,displacement,and fracture. METHODS:Cone-beam CT data of a patient who met the indication standard of socket-shield technique for maxillary central incisor were retrieved from database.Reverse engineering techniques were used to build models of the maxillary bone and root shield,while forward engineering was used to create models for the implant components based on their parameters.Models depicting various root shield thicknesses(0.5,1.0,1.5,and 2.0 mm)were created using Solidworks 2022 software.ANSYS Workbench 2021 software was then used to simulate and analyze the effects of varying root shield thicknesses on stress distribution,equivalent stress peaks,and displacement of the root shields,periodontal ligaments,implants,and surrounding alveolar bone under normal occlusion. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In all root shield models,the stress was concentrated on the palatal cervical side,both sides of the edges and the lower edge of the labial side.As the thickness of the root shield increased,the equivalent stress peak and displacement showed a decreasing trend.The 0.5 mm thickness model produced a stress concentration of 176.20 MPa,which exceeded the yield strength(150 MPa)of tooth tissue.(2)The periodontal ligament stress in each group was concentrated in the neck margin and upper region.With the increase of root shield thickness,the equivalent stress peak and displacement of periodontal ligament showed a decreasing trend.(3)Implant stress in all models was concentrated in the neck of the implant and the joint of the implant-repair abutment,and the labial side was more concentrated than the palatal side.With the increase of root shield thickness,the equivalent stress peak of the implant in the model showed an increasing trend.(4)In each group of models,stress of cortical bone concentrated around the neck of the implant and the periphery of the root shield,and the labial side was more concentrated than the palatal side.With the increase of the thickness of the root shield,the equivalent stress peak around the root shield decreased;the peak value of the equivalent stress of the bone around the neck of the implant showed an increasing trend.In the model,the stress of cancellous bone was mainly concentrated around the neck of the lip of the implant,the top of the thread,the root tip and the lower margin of the root shield,and the labial side was more concentrated than the palatal side.With the increase of the thickness of the root shield,the peak value of the equivalent stress of the bone around the root shield in the model showed a decreasing trend.The minimum principal stress of cortical bone in each group of models was concentrated around the neck of the implant,exhibiting a fan-shaped distribution.As the thickness of the root shield increased,the minimum principal stress of cortical bone showed an increasing trend.(5)These results indicate that different thicknesses of the root shield have different biomechanical effects.The root shield with a thickness of 0.5 mm is easy to fracture.For patients with sufficient bone width,the root shield with a thickness of 2.0 mm is an option to reduce the risk of complications such as root shield exposure,fracture,and displacement.Meanwhile,it should be taken into account to protect the periodontal ligament in the preparation process,and rounding treatments ought to be carried out on both sides and the lower edge of the root shield.

Objective To analyze the status of thyroid nodules in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its relationship with insulin resistance. Methods A total of 324 elderly patients with T2DM admitted to West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2018 to December 2023 were selected as the study subjects. The detection status of thyroid nodules was analyzed. According to the presence of thyroid nodules, the patients were classified into thyroid nodule group and non-thyroid nodule group. The insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) of the study subjects was measured. Spearman correlation analysis was applied to analyze the correlation between concurrent thyroid nodules and HOMA-IR. ROC curve was drawn to analyze the value of HOMA-IR in assessing the risk of thyroid nodules in elderly patients with T2DM. Results Among the 324 elderly T2DM patients, 211 cases of thyroid nodules were detected, with a detection rate of 65.12%. The detection ratio of thyroid nodules in males and females was 1:1.24. The thyroid nodule detection rate was different among patients with different levels of insulin resistance, and the detection rate of thyroid nodules in patients with HOMA-IR>2.0 was higher than that in patients with HOMA-IR≤2.0 (P<0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that HOMA-IR was positively correlated with thyroid nodule in elderly T2DM patients (r=0.650, P<0.05). ROC curve revealed that the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of HOMA-IR in evaluating thyroid nodules were 0.911, 81.99%, and 96.46%, respectively. Conclusion The risk of thyroid nodules is high in elderly patients with T2DM, and the detection rate in women is higher than that in men, which is closely related to insulin resistance level. HOMA-IR values can provide a reference for the early evaluation of thyroid nodules in elderly T2DM patients.

Health communication aims to improve public health attitudes and behaviors by propagating health information. It plays an important role in promoting public health literacy and "Healthy China Initiative". The basic theories of health communication include "7 W" and Theory of Planned Behavior. Clinicians with profound medical expertise and a wealth of clinical practice play key roles in the communication, and they hold an unparalleled advantage in health communication by delivering authoritative and trustworthy information to the public. The capacity of health communication among clinicians in the nation is determined by various factors including professional characteristics, policy support, dissemination platforms and pathways, time and effort. Meanwhile, some problems in the research on the health communication capacity of clinicians remain, such as lack of well-established motivation systems, limited dissemination pathways, and imperfect evaluation frameworks. In some regions of China, health communication performance has been considered as part of the professional title evaluation for clinical physicians. Medical institutions and universities have also initiated relevant training and practice programs. It is crucial to improve evaluation frameworks, strengthen training pathways and effectiveness assessment, promote interdisciplinary integration, and enhance the role of clinicians in health communication in the future.

BACKGROUND:Bone tissue remodeling is closely related to stress loading.Currently,there are few studies or guidelines on the relationship between bone and occlusal adjustment of implant prostheses and there is also a lack of scientific evidence. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of different implant occlusal gaps on stress distribution,stress peak and displacement at the implant-bone interface under Ⅰ-Ⅳ bone conditions by a finite element method. METHODS:After scanning the equal-scale tooth model with an optical scanner,equal-scale models of the upper right first molar Straumann 4.8×8 mm BL RC implant and its related components was constructed using Solidworks 2022.Then,using Mimics,Geomagic,and Solidworks software,the maxillary and mandibular bone models of class Ⅰ-Ⅳ bones were established based on the bone classification proposed by ZARB and LEKHOLM in the literature,and the NORTON and TRISI bone density classification method.The models were assembled with the occlusal gaps of 0,20,40,60,80,and 100 μm for the restorations,and an additional set of homogeneous models without density ratio settings was constructed for comparison.After the above models were imported into Hypermesh for meshing,the material assignment,boundary constraints and parameter setting were performed for the finite element analysis.Finally,250 N was used as the loading force to simulate the maxillary and mandibular stress conditions.Stress distribution,peak stress and displacement of the implant-bone interface in each group of models were analyzed and compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Under the same loading conditions,the stresses in the implant restorations were evenly distributed with the occlusal contact points.When the occlusal gap reached 80 and 100 μm,stress interruptions occurred in the implant crowns under class Ⅰ bone and class Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ bones,respectively.The displacement of the implant-bone interface was mainly concentrated in the cortical bone region around the implant and transmitted down the long axis of the implant to the cancellous bone region at the bottom.With the changes of class Ⅰ-Ⅳ jaw bones,the displacement and Von Mises stress in the cortical bone region increased in all groups,and were greater than those in the cancellous bone region.The Von Mises stress in the cancellous bone region was similar to that in the cortical bone region except that it showed a downward trend from class Ⅱ bone.However,when the occlusal gap increased,the stress and displacement peak values in the cortical bone and the cancellous bone showed a decreasing trend.The stress of the implant-bone interface was between 20 MPa and 60 MPa when the occlusal gap was 0-40 μm for class Ⅱ-Ⅳ bones and 60 μm for class Ⅳ bone,and the stress of the other groups was less than 20 MPa.The Von Mises stress was mainly concentrated in the neck of the implant,and the peak value of von Mises stress in class Ⅱ-Ⅳ bones with the occlusal gap of 20 μm was higher than that(144.10 MPa)in class Ⅰ bone with the occlusal gap of 0 μm.In the homogeneous model with different elastic moduli,the distribution of stress and displacement was more uniform than that in the heterogeneous model and the occlusal space should increase with the decrease of jaw bone density in clinical practice.To conclude,from the perspective of biomechanics,the alveolar bone should be taken into account in the occlusal adjustment of implant denture.An occlusal gap of 20-40 μm between a single dental implant and a natural tooth in the opposite jaw is a relatively suitable solution for occlusal adjustment under different bone conditions.However,due to the particularity of finite element analysis method,it needs to be further studied in combination with clinical practice.

In order to investigate the feasibility of the extract from Cyclocarya paliurus as an additive in cigarettes,the volatile aromatic components were analyzed by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry(GC-IMS),and C.paliurus extract was pyrolyzed to simulate cigarette smoking by TGA-GC/MS.The cracking products of C.paliurus were analyzed in a nitrogen environment,and the possible cracking mechanism of the products was reasonably speculated.The results showed that aldehydes,alcohols,and ketones were the primary volatile aroma components of the C.paliurus extract,comprising 62.28%of the total aroma components.The cracking products of C.paliurus extract varied greatly under different temperature conditions.A total of 79 compounds were identified at 200,360,and 440℃,among which 24 aromatic components were clearly identified as having significant effects on cigarette style,including aldehydes,ketones,alcohols,phenols,furans,benzene series,and other natural aromatic substances.Among them,phenols containing a high concentration are mainly formed by compounds containing the structure of guaiacol unit and eugenol unit by side chain cleavage,demethylation,demethoxylation,dehydration,etc.Furan and its derivatives are mainly formed by glycosides or glycoside compounds by breaking glucoside bonds and dehydration.

Objective The objective of this study is to examine the expression level of the S100A7A protein in both gastric cancer tissues and cells,as well as to evaluate its impact on the malignant phenotype of gastric cancer(GC)cells.Methods Immunohistochemical assay was used to detect the expression characteristics of S100A7A in 21 gastric cancer tissues and their corresponding paracancerous tissues,as well as to investigate its correlation with gastric cancer clinicopathological factors.Gastric cancer cells were genetically modified to overex-press S100A7A through plasmid transfection.Subsequently,the impact of S100A7A on the proliferation,migra-tion,and invasion capacities of gastric cancer cells was assessed using cell proliferation assays(EdU assay and plate cloning assay)as well as cell migration and invasion assays(Transwell assay and scratch assay).Results The expression of S100A7A protein was higher in GC tissues than in paracancerous tissues;Overexpression of S100A7A may increase gastric cancer cell proliferation,migration,and invasion.Conclusion S100A7A is a possible oncogene in GC and is predicted to serve as a new diagnostic and therapeutic target for the disease.

Since the reform and opening-up, China’s health care has made great progress, and the level of national health literacy has steadily improved. However, there is still a disconnect between the health literacy and healthy behavior of Chinese residents, and traditional health education has little effect on behavior change. Based on the limitations of current traditional health education on improving health level of the whole people, this paper explored more effective education methods, deeply discussed how to integrate health ethics into health education to achieve the purpose of effectively promoting individual health behaviors. At the same time, this paper systematically expounded how the theory of behavioral economics provides theoretical support for the rationality and feasibility of health ethics education to promote healthy behavior, further explained the internal psychological mechanism of health ethics education affecting people’s healthy behavior, and provided feasible solutions for how to integrate health ethics into the new model of health education in practical application. To sum up, the integration of health ethics into health education is conducive to disseminating health concepts, improving health literacy, as well as promoting health behaviors, and then promoting the effective implementation of individual health and Healthy China.

Metabolic regulation has been proven to play a critical role in T cell antitumor immunity. However, cholesterol metabolism as a key component of this regulation remains largely unexplored. Herein, we found that the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which has been previously identified as a transporter for cholesterol, plays a pivotal role in regulating CD8