Objective To explore the effect of seminar based on case-based learning(CBL)in practical teaching of physical therapy. Methods From July,2021 to June,2022,42 rehabilitation therapy students for internships in Rehabilitation Medicine Center,the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were non-directionally recruited,and random-ly divided into control group(n = 21)and experimental group(n = 21).The experimental group received instruc-tion using seminar and CBL,while the control group received CBL alone,for three months.The scores of theoret-ical and practical assessments were observed,and the satisfaction was investigated using a self-designed question-naire. Results The scores of both theoretical and practical assessments were better in the experimental group than in the control group(t>2.421,P<0.05);while the satisfaction was better in terms of motivating learning enthusiasm,enhanc-ing learning abilities,cultivating clinical reasoning skills,improving teacher-student communication,promoting teamwork,enhancing overall competence,and satisfying to the teaching in the experimental group than in the control group(χ2>6.667,P<0.05). Conclusion The combination of seminar with CBL would enhance the effect of practical teaching in physical therapy.

ObjectiveTo analyze the current status, research hotspots, and development trends of transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) in neurorehabilitation. MethodsRelevant literature on the application of TUS in neurological rehabilitation was retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang data, and Web of Science Core Collection, covering publications from inception to December 31, 2023. VOSviewer 1.6.20 and CiteSpace 6.2.R1 were used for visualized analysis. ResultsA total of 247 articles were included, with 124 in Chinese and 123 in English, showing an increasing trend in annual publications. The major contributors to English literature were China, the United States, Canada, France and South Korea. High-frequency Chinese keywords included transcranial ultrasound, neuromodulation, Parkinson's disease, stroke and clinical efficacy. The keyword clusters were transcranial ultrasound, neuromodulation, upper limb function and Parkinson's disease. Bursting keywords included rehabilitation, neural function, ultrasound therapy, closed-loop control and low intensity. High-frequency English keywords included focused ultrasound, deep brain stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, blood-brain barrier and thalamotomy. Keyword clusters covered tissue plasminogen activator, ultrasonic imaging, transcranial magnetic stimulation, thalamotomy and ultrasound. Bursting keywords featured essential tremor, neurostimulation, direct current stimulation and transcranial ultrasound stimulation. ConclusionResearch on the application of TUS in neurorehabilitation is on the rise, focusing on its efficacy and safety in Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and ischemic stroke. Future research needs to explore the mechanisms of TUS, optimize treatment plans, and promote the development of individualized therapies.

Background::Gut-resident macrophages (gMacs) supplemented by monocytes-to-gMacs differentiation play a critical role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is involved in immune cell differentiation. We therefore set out to investigate the role of ATF4-regulated monocytes-to-gMacs differentiation in sepsis-induced intestinal injury.Methods::Sepsis was induced in C57BL/6 wild type (WT) mice and Atf4-knockdown ( Atf4+/-) mice by cecal ligation and puncture or administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Colon, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, sera, lung, liver, and mesenteric lymph nodes were collected for flow cytometry, hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Results::CD64, CD11b, Ly6C, major histocompatibility complex-II (MHC-II), CX3CR1, Ly6G, and SSC were identified as optimal primary markers for detecting the process of monocytes-to-gMacs differentiation in the colon of WT mice. Monocytes-to-gMacs differentiation was impaired in the colon during sepsis and was associated with decreased expression of ATF4 in P1 (Ly6C hi monocytes), the precursor cells of gMacs. Atf4 knockdown exacerbated the impairment of monocytes-to-gMacs differentiation in response to LPS, resulting in a significant reduction of gMacs in the colon. Furthermore, compared with WT mice, Atf4+/- mice exhibited higher pathology scores, increased expression of inflammatory factor genes ( TNF-α, IL-1β), suppressed expression of CD31 and vascular endothelial-cadherin in the colon, and increased translocation of intestinal bacteria to lymph nodes and lungs following exposure to LPS. However, the aggravation of sepsis-induced intestinal injury resulting from Atf4 knockdown was not caused by the enhanced inflammatory effect of Ly6C hi monocytes and gMacs. Conclusion::ATF4, as a novel regulator of monocytes-to-gMacs differentiation, plays a critical role in protecting mice against sepsis-induced intestinal injury, suggesting that ATF4 might be a potential therapeutic target for sepsis treatment.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between preeclampsia and thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy.Methods:107 early pregnant women with preeclampsia admitted to our hospital from Jan. 2017 to Jan. 2020 were all enrolled (observation group) . The observation group were in 6-34 gestational weeks, with an average parity of (1.67±0.35) times. In addition, 100 cases of normal pregnant women in the same period were selected as the control group. The control group were in 6-34 gestational weeks, with an average parity of (1.61±0.31) times. The two groups were compared at early, mid and late pregnancy in terms of thyroid function, and the correlation of preeclampsia and abnormal thyroid function was analyzed.Results:1. TSH levels in the observation group were (1.92±1.24) , (2.07±0.82) , and (2.30±1.23) mU/L in the first trimester, second trimester and third trimester, respectively, showing an upward trend. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P=0.024) . FT4 levels of the observation group in the first trimester, second trimester and third trimester were (0.80±0.26) , (0.60±0.34) and (0.59±0.32) pmol/L, respectively, showing a decreased trend and the difference was statistically significant compared with those of the control group ( P=0.012) . 2. The incidence of hypothyroidism, TPOAb positive and reduced free tetraiodothyronine in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P=0.001, 0.023, 0.005) . There was no significant difference in the incidence of hyperthyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism between the two groups ( P=0.169, 0.846) . 3. Correlation analysis showed that preeclampsia was related to hypothyroidism, normal thyroid function with TPOAb positive and reduced free tetraiodothyronine ( P=0.000, 0.000, 0.000) . Conclusions:There are changes in thyroid function in pregnant women with preeclampsia. Hypothyroidism, positive TPOAb and reduced free tetraiodothyronine are closely related to the onset of preeclampsia.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of alterations in the expressions of methyltransferase on protein expression profiles in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells and enrich the differential signaling pathways. METHODS: The total protein was extracted from -knockout cell line CNE1 and the wild-type cell line CNE1, and the differentially expressed proteins were screened by tandem mass tag (TMT) labeled protein quantification technique and tandem mass spectrometry. GO analysis was used to annotate and enrich the differentially expressed proteins, and the KEGG database was used to enrich and analyze the pathways of the differential proteins. RESULTS: With a fold change (FC)≥1.2 and < 0.05 as the screening standard, 2049 differentially expressed proteins were identified in CNE1 cells, among which 904 were up-regulated and 1145 were down-regulated. GO functional annotation results indicated that knockout caused characteristic changes in multiple biological processes (cell processes and regulation, cell movement, metabolic processes, and biosynthesis of cellular components), molecular functions (catalytic activity and molecular binding, transcription factor activity), and cellular components (cell membrane, organelle, macromolecular complex). KEGG analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins were involved in an array of signaling pathways closely related to tumors, including MAPK, PI3K-Akt, Ras, Rap1, mTOR, Hippo, HIF-1, Wnt, AMPK, FoxO, ErbB, P53 and JAK-STAT. CONCLUSIONS knockout significantly changes the protein expression characteristics of NPC cells and affects a number of signal pathways closely related to tumors. The results provide evidence for investigation of the pathogenesis and therapeutic target screening of NPC.

Objective: To compare laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) with or without percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGD) for acute severe cholecystitis. Methods: According to the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23 articles were selected for this meta-analysis. All patients were treated with LC with or without PTGD. A meta-analysis was used to analyze the clinical efficacy. Results: Compared with LC, all the surgical indicators of LC with PTGD were significantly better than LC alone (all P≤0.05), including the operation time: 95%CI(-27.24, -9.27); intraoperative blood loss: 95%CI(-50.25, -40.19); postoperative hospital stay: 95%CI(-3.63, -0.64); rates of conversion to open abdomen: OR=0.48, 95%CI(0.32, 0.74); rates of incision infection: OR=0.49, 95%CI(0.25, 0.99); drainage tube indwelling time: 95%CI(-2.07, -1.19); gastrointestinal function recovery time: 95%CI(-1.73, -0.77); rates of bile leakage: OR=0.23, 95%CI(0.12, 0.44); and rates of complications: OR=0.36, 95%CI(0.27, 0.48). Conclusion Compared with LC alone, PTGD+ LC is the preferred treatment for acute severe cholecystitis.

An HIV-1 cell-cell fusion system was developed to screen HIV-1 entry inhibitors that block cell-cell fusion. In this system, the pEGFP-Tat plasmid was constructed and cotransfected into effector cells (HEK-293T) with HIV-1 envelope plasmid. TZM-bl cell, a genetically engineered cell line that expresses CD4, CXCR4, CCR5 as well as Tat-inducible β-galactosidase and luciferase reporter gene, was used as target cell. Thus, the co-culture of target cells and effector cells allows the cell fusion via Env and the activity of the fusion inhibitor can be quantified by measuring the reporter protein expression. The experimental parameters were optimized and 11 anti-HIV-1 agents including CCR5 antagonist maraviroc, reverse transcription inhibitor zidovudine (AZT) and integrase inhibitor raltegravir were tested. The result showed that the system exhibited high specificity and sensitivity. Two of eight tested anti-HIV-1 agents were found to block the cell-cell fusion. The system is suitable for efficient screening of HIV-1 cell-cell fusion inhibitors.

Hypoxia is beneficial for the differentiation of stem cells transplanted for myocardial injury, but mechanisms underlying this benefit remain unsolved. Here, we report the impact of hypoxia-induced Jagged1 expression in cardiomyocytes (CMs) for driving the differentiation of cardiac stem cells (CSCs). Forced hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) expression and physical hypoxia (5% O) treatment could induce Jagged1 expression in neonatal rat CMs. Pharmacological inhibition of HIF-1 by YC-1 attenuated hypoxia-promoted Jagged1 expression in CMs. An ERK inhibitor (PD98059), but not inhibitors of JNK (SP600125), Notch (DAPT), NF-B (PTDC), JAK (AG490), or STAT3 (Stattic) suppressed hypoxia-induced Jagged1 protein expression in CMs. c-Kit CSCs isolated from neonatal rat hearts using a magnetic-activated cell sorting method expressed GATA4, SM22 or vWF, but not Nkx2.5 and cTnI. Moreover, 87.3% of freshly isolated CSCs displayed Notch1 receptor expression. Direct co-culture of CMs with BrdU-labeled CSCs enhanced CSCs differentiation, as evidenced by an increased number of BrdU/Nkx2.5 cells, while intermittent hypoxia for 21 days promoted co-culture-triggered differentiation of CSCs into CM-like cells. Notably, YC-1 and DAPT attenuated hypoxia-induced differentiation. Our results suggest that hypoxia induces Jagged1 expression in CMs primarily through ERK signaling, and facilitates early cardiac lineage differentiation of CSCs in CM/CSC co-cultures HIF-1/Jagged1/Notch signaling.

Objective To investigate the expression of T cell immunoglobulin and mucindomain-containing molecule-3 (TIM3) on PBMCs,and the plasma concentrations of soluble forms of Galetcin9 and their clinical relationship with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 39 patients,25 osteoarthritis (OA) patients and 20 healthy subjects (HC).The expressions of TIM3 on peripheral blood mononuelear cells (PBMCs) were detected by flow cytometry.The concentrations of soluble Galetcin9 were assessed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).And the relationship between their expression levels and clinical manifestations were analyzed.Levene F test was used for statistical analysis,normal distribution data were compared by t test and Pearson correlation analysis,while Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman correlation analysis were used for non-normal distribution data.Results The expression of TIM3 on CD4+ T cells was significantly higher than that of the HC [(14.7±3.2)％ vs (5.1±0.8)％,t=2.339,P=0.022 7],while there was no statistical difference between the RA group and the OA group [(14.7±3.2)％ vs (5.8±0.4)％,t=1.928,P=0.058 9].The expression of TIM3 was significantly correlated with the concentration of RF in the serum and the corresponding DAS28 score (r=0.325 8,P=0.043 0;r=0.407 5,P=0.010 0).The expression of TIM3 on CD8 + T cells in RA patients was significantly higher than that in the HC and OA [(21.1±3.4)％ vs (8.3±1.5)％,t=2.531,P=0.0142;(21.1±3.4)％ vs (10.7±1.0)％,t=2.314,P=0.024 0] which was significantly correlated with the concentration of RF in serum and the corresponding DAS28 score (r=0.451 5,P=0.003 9;r=0.524 1,P=0.000 6) as well.However,the expression of TIM3 on CD56+ NK cells was not significantly different from that of either OA or HC[(56.4±3.4)％ vs (50.6±3.8)％,t=1.047,P=0.299 8;(56.4± 3.4)％ vs (56.1±3.4)％,t=0.048,P=0.961 9],the concentration of serum RF and the corresponding DAS28 score were not significantly related.We also found that plasma Galectin 9 concentrations in RA patients were significantly higher than those of OA patients [(4.24±0.22) ng/ml vs (3.15±0.18) ng/ml,t=3.187,P=0.024] and healthy subjects [(4.24±0.22) ng/ml vs (2.55±0.14) ng/ml,t=5.567,P＜0.01],which was correlated with RF and DAS28 (r=0.479 2,P=0.002 0;r=0.353 0,P=0.027 5) while there was no correlation with CRP (r=0.176 3,P=0.283 1).Conclusion The upregulated expressions of TIM3 on peripheral lymphocytes and the high levels of plasma concentration of soluble Galectin 9 are closely correlated with the severity of the disease,suggesting that TIM3/Galectin 9 pathway may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of RA.

Ginseng is a precious herbal medicine and can treat many diseases. Ginsenosides, the major components of ginseng, have various biological activities. This review aims at describing the antiviral inhibitory of ginsenosides through summarizing the research progress on different virus such as hepatitis virus, respiratory virus, herpesvirus and HIV.