Fluoride contamination in water is a serious public health problem.Detection of fluoride ion in drinking water is an important indicator to evaluate the status of fluoride pollution in water and control effect.At present,the methods for detecting fluoride ion in water include fluorine reagent spectrophotometry,ion selective electrode method,ion chromatography,and zirconium salt pigment colorimetry.This article briefly reviews the principles,detection limits,influencing factors,and advantages and disadvantages of these commonly used detection methods,and puts forward the improvement direction of detection method in view of current demand for detection of water fluoride ion.

Depression is one of the prevalent causes of health-related human suffering and is,first and foremost,a disorder of one of the least-studied biological phenomena:emotion.Therefore,it is critically important to understand emotion,in order to understand the etiology of depression.Chinese medicine is the oldest subject about emotion,has developed a theory about basic emotions and their interactions,and also their roles in causes and therapy in most of human diseases,including mental disorders,such as depression.Nowadays,major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental disorder with cognitive,affective and behavioral symptoms,and has been identified as a leading cause of disability,and affecting about ～17％ of the populations worldwide.Decades of animal and clinical studies have pointed its etiology in dysfunctions in the monoamine transporters.Here we will review some literatures about the relationship between the monoamine neuromodulators and emotional theory in Chinese medicine,which might introduce theoretical perspectives in studies about emotion and depression.

Objective To investigate that butyrate-producing probiotic clostridium butyricum improves the intestinal epithelial barrier function in food allergic mice by regulating TWIK-related potassium channel-1 (Trek1) expression in intestinal epithelial cells.Methods An intestinal allergy mouse model was created,then the model construction effect was verified by detecting the related indicators by ELISA,flow cytometer.The change of small intestinal tissue permeability was detected by the Ussing chambers.The Trek1 expressions in mouse jejunum tissue in control group and allergy group were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescent method;in the Transwell system,T84 cells were used to establish epithelial cellular monolayer for exposing to the allergic mediators,the Trek1 mRNA and protein expression were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot.Then the allergic mice were grouped and treated by different methods including normal saline,SIT,SIT/SB,SB,SIT/CB,CB,SIT/CB/Spadin,the expression of mice intestinal Trek1,intestinal barrier function and allergic reaction indicators were detected.Results Compared with the control group,the small intestinal Trek1 protein and tissue expression level in the food allergic mice were significantly decreased,the intestinal mucosal permeability was significantly increased,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05);after T84 cells exposing to the allergic mediators,Trek1 mRNA and protein expression were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),but adding p38 inhibitor in advance could antagonize this change;the single use of SIT,clostridium butyricum and sodium butyrate could increase the intestinal Trek1 expression in food allergic mice,and alleviated the allergic reaction(P＜0.05),whereas the combined use of SIT and clostridium butyricum or sodium butyrate had more significant effect(compared with the SIT group,P＜0.05),moreover could significantly decrease small intestinal mucosal permeability and improved the intestinal barrier function(P＜0.05).Conclusion Sodium butyrate or butyrate-producing probiotic clostridium butyricum can restore the intestinal barrier function,alleviates the allergic reaction and strengthens the SIT curative effect in allergic mice by increasing Trek1 expression.

Objective To investigate whether Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection correlated with primary infertility,whether H.pylori infection caused the abnormal elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in primary infertility women,and whether cytotoxin associated gene A (CagA) protein played a key role in it.Methods From September 2015 to August 2016,213 patients with primary infertility (infertility group) and 97 healthy individuals (control group) were selected.According to the common etiologies,patients with primary infertility were divided into groups with single-factor infertility,multifactorial infertility and unexplained reason groups.Serum H.pylori IgG antibody and CagA antibody were examined by H.pylori antibody type test kits.The levels of interleukin (IL)-2,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,IL-13,IL-18,IL-1β,granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF),interferon-γ (IFN-γ),tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and IL-12p70 were tested by ProcartaPlex Immunoassays.Chi square test and independent sample t test were performed for statistical analysis and risk was assessed.Results The positive rate of serum H.pylori IgG antibody of patients with primary infertility was higher than that of healthy control group (74.0％,37/50 vs 56.7％,55/97),and the difference was statistically significant (odds ratio (OR) =2.173,95 ％ confidence interval (CI) 1.028 to 4.595,x2=4.216,P =0.040).There was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate of CagA antibody between primary infertility group and healthy control group (71.7 ％,91/127 vs 74.5 ％,41/55,OR=0.863,95％CI0.421 to1.772,P＞0.05).The serum levels ofIL-8,IL-18 andIFN-γ of H.pylori positive primary infertility patients were (35.14 ± 12.16),(11.83 ± 4.01) and (11.05 ±3.17) ng/L,respectively,which were all higher than those of H.pylori positive healthy control group ((21.44±12.35),(9.89±2.23) and (8.90±1.45) ng/L,respectively) and H.pylori negative primary infertility group ((11.45±8.63),(7.90±0.99) and (8.18±1.10) ng/L,respectively),and the differences were statistically significant (t=6.947,3.366 and 4.811;15.596,8.900 and 8.068;all P＜0.05).The levels of IL-8,IL-18 and IFN-γ of H.pylori positive unexplained reason primary infertility group were (39.97 ± 11.52),(13.12±4.61) and (13.06±3.70) ng/L,respectively,which were all significantly higher than those of single-factor infertility group ((31.65 ±11.20),(11.12 ± 3.46) and (10.14 ± 2.41) ng/L,respectively) and multifactorial infertility group ((30.47±8.49),(11.13±3.79) and (10.07±2.50) ng/L,respectively);and the differences were statistically significant (t=4.217,2.942 and 5.738;5.138,2.562 and 5.218;all P＜0.05).In H.pylori positive primary infertility group,the levels of IL-8,IL-18 and IFN-γ of CagA positive patients were (40.42 ± 13.80),(13.04 ± 4.19) and (11.51± 3.41) ng/L,respectively,which were all significantly higher than those of CagA negative patients ((23.49 ± 11.57),(9.08 ± 1.43) and (10.04 ± 2.29) ng/L,respectively) and CagA positive individuals in healthy control group ((21.85 ± 12.14),(10.20 ± 2.29) and (9.31 ± 2.38) ng/L,respectively);and the differences were statistically significant (t =6.507,5.533 and 2.380;7.417,4.069 and 3.738;all P＜0.05).Conclusion CagA positive H.pylori infection can increase the level of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines,which may be a risk factor of primary infertility.To patients with unexplained primary infertility,this may be the cause of infertility.

Objective To observe the efficacy of electroacupuncture in improving discomforts during and after oocyte retrieval, for providing scientific and significant clinical evidence for the application of electroacupuncture to oocyte retrieval.Method A hundred and thirty-four outpatients receiving IVF-ET fertility treatment were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 67 in each group. The two groups both received muscular injection with Sauteralgyl 50 mg. Additionally, the treatment group was also given acupuncture at Baihui (GV20), Uterus (MA-TF, right ear), Tengtong (Extra, right), Sanyangluo (TE8, right), and Zusanli (ST36). When needling qi arrived, Tengtong (Extra) and Sanyangluo (TE8) were connected to SDZ-2 electroacupuncture apparatus. The needles were removed at the end of oocyte retrieval. For patients in the control group, oocyte retrieval was conducted 30 min after injection with Sauteralgyl. The operation duration was recorded; blood pressures before injection and at the end of surgery were measured; discomforts including dizziness, nausea, vomiting, perspiration, dry mouth, palpitation, and abdominal distension during operation were observed; discomforts (dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and lassitude) 0.5 h, 1.5 h, and 2 h after operation were observed.Result The difference in comparing oocyte retrieval duration was statistically significant between the two groups (P＜0.05); there were significant differences in comparing the occurrence rates of dizziness, perspiration, nausea, and palpitation during operation between the two groups (P＜0.05); there were significant differences in comparing dizziness, vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, and lassitude between the two groups 0.5 h, 1 h, 1.5 h, and 2 h after operation (P＜0.05). The inter-group differences in dizziness, vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, and lassitude were statistically significant after operation (P＜0.05).Conclusion Electroacupuncture is effective in relieving discomforts during and after oocyte retrieval under transvaginal ultrasound.