Objective:To understand the status of menopause outpatient clinics in maternal and children health (MCH) institutions and general hospitals.Methods:A total of 314 health administrative departments, MCH health institutions and general hospitals in 11 provinces of China were enrolled by using multi-stage random sampling method. A self-made questionnaire was used to investigate the development of normative documents for menopausal health work, and the establishment, services, health resources, system and information management of menopause outpatient clinics. The current situation of menopause outpatient clinics in MCH institutions was compared with that in general hospitals.Results:All health administrative departments did not formulate normative documents for menopausal health care. Among MCH health institutions and general hospitals, 53.4% (111/208) established menopause outpatient clinic. About 60.9% (64/105) of MCH institutions established menopause outpatient clinic, which was higher than that of general hospitals [45.6% (47/103)] ( P<0.05). From high priority to less, the services of menopause outpatient clinics were menopausal disease diagnosis and treatment, counseling, health education and disease referral. 90.1% (100/111) of menopause outpatient clinics provided routine medical examinations, and only 55.9% (62/111) and 59.5% (66/111) of them provide psychological and nutritional status assessment. The allocation rate of commonly used examination equipment in menopause outpatient clinics was 81.1%-96.4%, while only 28.8%-37.8% of them had psychological status assessment tool, human body composition analyzer and nutrition status assessment tool. Among 111 menopause outpatient clinics, 46.8% ( n=52), 36.0% ( n=40), and 34.2% ( n=38) of them established outpatient consultation process, referral (consultation) work system, and follow-up work system, and 49.5% ( n=55), 29.7% ( n=33), 42.3% ( n=47), and 17.1% ( n=19) of them established visit registration, health records, follow-up records of referrals, and reported outpatient services, respectively. Conclusion:Menopause outpatient clinics in 11 provinces of China have been initially established, and policy guidance and human resources allocation should be further strengthened.

Objective:To understand the status of menopause outpatient clinics in maternal and children health (MCH) institutions and general hospitals.Methods:A total of 314 health administrative departments, MCH health institutions and general hospitals in 11 provinces of China were enrolled by using multi-stage random sampling method. A self-made questionnaire was used to investigate the development of normative documents for menopausal health work, and the establishment, services, health resources, system and information management of menopause outpatient clinics. The current situation of menopause outpatient clinics in MCH institutions was compared with that in general hospitals.Results:All health administrative departments did not formulate normative documents for menopausal health care. Among MCH health institutions and general hospitals, 53.4% (111/208) established menopause outpatient clinic. About 60.9% (64/105) of MCH institutions established menopause outpatient clinic, which was higher than that of general hospitals [45.6% (47/103)] ( P<0.05). From high priority to less, the services of menopause outpatient clinics were menopausal disease diagnosis and treatment, counseling, health education and disease referral. 90.1% (100/111) of menopause outpatient clinics provided routine medical examinations, and only 55.9% (62/111) and 59.5% (66/111) of them provide psychological and nutritional status assessment. The allocation rate of commonly used examination equipment in menopause outpatient clinics was 81.1%-96.4%, while only 28.8%-37.8% of them had psychological status assessment tool, human body composition analyzer and nutrition status assessment tool. Among 111 menopause outpatient clinics, 46.8% ( n=52), 36.0% ( n=40), and 34.2% ( n=38) of them established outpatient consultation process, referral (consultation) work system, and follow-up work system, and 49.5% ( n=55), 29.7% ( n=33), 42.3% ( n=47), and 17.1% ( n=19) of them established visit registration, health records, follow-up records of referrals, and reported outpatient services, respectively. Conclusion:Menopause outpatient clinics in 11 provinces of China have been initially established, and policy guidance and human resources allocation should be further strengthened.

Objective In order to verify an alternative method for the skin corrosion test by using transcutaneous electrical resistance ( TER) test, and to optimize the implementation criteria in OECD TG 430 procedure. Methods According to the OECD TG 430 procedure, Wistar rat skin was used to test the TER values of 16 reference chemicals, and selected the most optimal standard via different implementation criteria. The program B was chosen to make inter-laboratory comparison between 5 laboratories by testing 11 chemicals, which were identified as the optimal standard. Results After the TER test, the result of corrosion test of 16 chemicals were accordant with the reference data ( Kappa value＝0. 64). The program B was the most optimal implementation criteria, and the specificity was 66. 7% and sensitivity was 100%. There were no significant differences between the corrosion estimations of 5 laboratories, and the concordance rate of the 5 laboratories was 72. 7%. Conclusions Transcutaneous electrical resistance (TER) test is an feasible and efficient tool for skin corrosion testing, and may become a good interim test to replace the in vivo test with this ex vivo test in cosmetics chemical safety assessment, thus, to reduce the animal usage in our country.

Early postoperative ambulation is one of the three key techniques of fast track surgery,which can not only promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function but also can reduce pulmonary complications and improve patients′ self healing ability. The concept of early postoperative ambulation was summarized in this review and the main factors that can affect the early postoperative ambulation were analyzed from the view of medical staff and patients,which provide basis for further implementation of early postoperative ambulation.

Objective To analyze the impac factors of serum N?terminal pro?brain natriuretic peptide (NT?proBNP) in patients with renal failure in non?dialysis phase, and to determine the cut?off point of as a diagnostic values in these patients with heart failure (HF). Methods Cross?sectional study was applied. Clinical data of 145 patients (37 cases of CKD4, 89 cases of CKD5, and 19 cases of acute renal injury (AKI) with renal failure in non?dialysis phase were collected. Comparison between groups and lineal regression analysis were utilized to investigate the impact factors of NT?proBNP, and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) to select a better cut?off point of diagnosis in these patients with HF. Results (1) Compared with patients without HF, patients with HF had significantly higher edema, cardiac troponin I, serum phosphorus concentration, and left atrial diameter (LA), while ALB and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were decreased (P<0.05). (2) The NT?proBNP was divided into 4 groups with four points: First groups of 36 cases, NT?proBNP 1 ?862 ng/L, second groups 37 cases, 866?2670 ng/L, third groups 37 cases, 2790?20 000 ng/L, fourth groups 35 cases, 20 900?35 000 ng/L. With the increase of NT?proBNP levels, the occurrence of AKI and CKD4 decreased gradually while the occurrence of CKD and edema were significantly increased (P<0.01). Systolic blood pressure, troponin I, uric acid, serum phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, 24 hours urine protein, LA, interventricular septum thickness (IVS), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPW) level gradually increased. Hb, ALB, calcium, CO2, eGFR, LVEF significantly decreased (P<0.01). The serum NT?proBNP of patients with HF was significantly higher than that of patients without HF (19 150 ng/L vs 1530 ng/L, P<0.01). The serum NT?proBNP of patients with edema was significantly higher than that in patients without edema (5460 ng/L vs 1630 ng/L, P<0.01). (3) Single factor linear regression analysis indicated that higher NT?proBNP was positive correlated with HF, edema, cardiac troponin I, uric acid, serum phosphorus, LA, IVS and LVPW (P<0.05), while negative correlated with Hb, eGFR, ALB, serum calcium, CO2, LVEF (P<0.05), and not correlated with eGFR, uric acid, serum calcium (P>0.05). (4) The best cut?off point of NT?proBNP predicting HF in patients with renal failure in non?dialysis phase was 3805 ng/L, AUC=0.848, 95%CI 0.786?0.910. Sensitivity was 82.4%, specificity 74.5%, positive predictive value 62.1%, negative predictive value 87.3%, positive likelihood ratio 3.2, negative likelihood ratio 0.24. Conclusions The level of NT?proBNP>20 000 ng/L is mainly found in end?stage renal disease patients with HF. HF is a main factor for the increase of NT?proBNP in patients with renal failure in non?dialysis phase. High phosphorus viremia, anemia, and hypoalbuminemia are closely related to NT?proBNP. Therefore NT?proBNP predicting HF should take into account the effects of these confounding factors in these patients.

Objective To evaluate the status and influencing factors of early ambulation in patients following postoperative gastric cancer, and provide evidence for making reasonable evaluated standard to patients.Methods Self-designed questionnaires were used to investigate the early ambulation of 108 patients following postoperative gastric cancer from June 2013 to August 2014. Results The mean time of first ambulation was(30.82±13.83)h in 108 patients, and the average distance was(13.14±14.68)meters. 51 cases completed the early ambulation and accounted for 47.2%. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that postoperative pain and postoperative fatigue could greatly affect early ambulation of patients following postoperative gastric cancer(P<0.05).Conclusions Postoperative pain intervention and postoperative fatigue management benefits to the early ambulation for patients following postoperative gastric cancer.

Objective To explore the effect of assessment criteria in early ambulation of gastric cancer patients after surgery. Methods Totally 327 gastric cancer patients from January 2013 to March 2016 in our hospital were selected as the research object by convenience sampling method. All patients were randomly divided into the control group ( n=160) and the observation group ( n=167) by throwing a coin. Patients in the control group received routine nursing before surgery, while patients in the observation group were assessed by postoperative assessment criteria of early safety ambulation. The status of postoperative early ambulation and satisfaction degree were compared between two groups. Results In the observation group, the proportion of ambulation within 24 hours after surgery was 80.2%, and it was 46.9% in the control group (χ2=39.439,P<0.05). The satisfaction degree towards nursing work in the observation group was 95. 8%, and was significantly higher than that in the control group ( 81. 2%) . The situation of observation group with early ambulation is better than that of control group (χ2=9.115,P<0.05).Conclusions Assessment criteria of early ambulation for patients with postoperative gastric cancer is benefit for developing early postoperative ambulation and improving the satisfaction degree towards nursing.

Objective To analyze and compare results of local lymph node assays (LLNA) between BALB/c and CBA mice.Methods 4 chemicals (2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, eugenol, hexyl cinnamic aldehyde and isopropanol) and 3 cosmetics were applied to the dorsum of both ears of Balb/c and CBA mice for three consecutive days.BrdU solution was injected inter-peritoneally on day 5.On day 6, the bilateral draining auricular lymph nodes were excised and made into single cell suspension, the lymph cell proliferation was measured by BrdU ELISA kit.Results 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, eugenol, hexyl cinnamic aldehyde and NO.3 perm agent pretended positive for both strains, EC1.6 values of three chemicals were found to be 0.08% (very strong), 4.02% (moderate), 6.68% (moderate) and 0.07% (very strong), 6.08% ( moderate), 8.89% ( moderate) for BALB/c and CBA mice respectively.Isopropanol, NO.1 and NO.2 cosmetics pretended to be non-sensitizers with SI <1.6 for both strains.Conclusion This study showed that BALB/c mouse was essentially equal to CBA for LLNA: BrdU-ELISA, which suggested that BALB/c mouse was a good alternative for CBA used in chemicals and cosmetics allergenic evaluation.

Purpose To investigate the role of SOCS3 on diabetic renal injury. Methods Male CD-1 mice were randomly divided into four groups:control group, diabetic group, empty plasmid vector transfection group and SOCS3 plasmid transfection group. The diabet-ic mice were induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight. The mice of transfection group were re-ceived an injection of SOCS3 plasmid or empty vector at every 7 days thereafter. Specimens were collected at 12 week after STZ injec-tion. The morphological changes of tubular epithelial cells were observed by transmission electron microscope. RT-PCR and immuno-histochemistry were used to determine the mRNA and protein expression of CK18 and α-SMA. Western blotting analysis was used to determine the protein expression of SOCS3, p-STAT3, CK18 and α-SMA. Results SOCS3 overexpression in kidney down-regulated the levels of p-STAT3 andα-SMA but up-regulated the expression of CK18. Conclusion Overexpression of SOCS3 can ameliorate the tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation of diabetic mice via inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT3.

Purpose To investigate the role of PTEN in podocyte injury in patients with diabetic nephropathy ( DN) . Methods Uri-nary samples from 30 patients with DN and 10 healthy volunteers were collected to detect the level of PCX by ELISA. Renal biopsies were reviewed to observe the morphological changes. All patients with DN were divided into three groups by glomerular lesion. The ex-pression of p-Akt and PTEN in glomeruli was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The levels of PCX in the urine were signifi-cantly higher in patients with DN compared with those in healthy volunteers, and gradually increased along with glomerular lesion aggra-vating. The expression of p-Akt and PTEN increased in patients with DN compared with healthy volunteers. Although the expression of p-Akt and PTEN decreased with the aggravation of glomerular lesion, they were still higher than that in volunteers. There were obvious-ly positive correlation between the level of PCX and 24-h urinary protein and negative correlation between the level of PCX and the ex-pression level of p-Akt and PTEN. Conclusion PTEN down-regulation may be associated with podocyte injury in DN, which may be associated with the phosphorylation of Akt.